強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒制度研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-28 19:23
【摘要】：1979年我國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)第一起毒品案件前,由于特殊歷史條件造成的閉關(guān)鎖國(guó)狀態(tài)使我們?cè)?jīng)享有“無(wú)毒國(guó)”的所謂盛譽(yù)30年。隨著改革開(kāi)放,國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展,中國(guó)與國(guó)際聯(lián)系日益緊密,已經(jīng)成為世界性問(wèn)題的毒品問(wèn)題也給中國(guó)社會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重危害。近年來(lái),我國(guó)吸毒人群的比例逐年遞增,戒毒人員復(fù)吸率居高不下,吸毒人群開(kāi)始呈現(xiàn)低齡化現(xiàn)象,由此導(dǎo)致的誘發(fā)暴力犯罪等一系列社會(huì)矛盾被引發(fā),極大破壞社會(huì)和諧。《中華人民共和國(guó)禁毒法》和《戒毒條例》的出臺(tái),標(biāo)志著我國(guó)完成了包含全部過(guò)程的完整戒毒體系的構(gòu)建,在整合原有的強(qiáng)制戒毒和勞教戒毒的基礎(chǔ)上,規(guī)定了全新的強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒措施。全新的戒毒制度從“以人為本”的理念出發(fā),將強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒人員定位為“違法者”、“病人”和“受害者”,突顯了教育戒治效果最大化的立法目的。本人從行政法學(xué)的角度,以《禁毒法》、《戒毒條例》等法律法規(guī)為基石,結(jié)合工作實(shí)踐,對(duì)強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒制度進(jìn)行研究。第一部分,回顧了強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒制度的歷史,闡述了強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒制度的主要內(nèi)容。新中國(guó)成立之前,從清朝到國(guó)民黨政府對(duì)強(qiáng)制戒毒都制定了相應(yīng)的規(guī)定,中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨在革命根據(jù)地也制定了相關(guān)懲治鴉片犯罪的禁毒規(guī)定;新中國(guó)成立后,在《禁毒法》出臺(tái)前,對(duì)吸毒成癮人員一律予以強(qiáng)制戒毒是當(dāng)時(shí)戒毒工作的基本原則,《禁毒法》出臺(tái)后,強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒是戒毒模式中的一種(其他模式包括自愿戒毒、社區(qū)戒毒和社區(qū)康復(fù))。強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒制度主要由《禁毒法》規(guī)定,包括強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒的決定機(jī)關(guān)、執(zhí)行機(jī)關(guān)和強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒的法定情形等原則性內(nèi)容;其他有相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)規(guī)章和規(guī)范性文件,就強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒人員的接收、管理、教育、生活衛(wèi)生、解除、場(chǎng)所設(shè)置等方面進(jìn)行了具體規(guī)定。第二部分,介紹了其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)關(guān)于強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒制度及其有效措施,主要介紹了將吸毒行為定性為犯罪的美國(guó)和德國(guó)、規(guī)定用醫(yī)療措施代替刑罰措施的英國(guó)和日本、對(duì)吸毒行為免于起訴處罰的芬蘭和泰國(guó)以及比較了我國(guó)臺(tái)灣地區(qū)戒毒制度和措施。第三部分,結(jié)合強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒所的運(yùn)行實(shí)踐和理論分析,論述我國(guó)強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒制度的不足。在法律體系方面強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒制度存在對(duì)執(zhí)法主體忽視、執(zhí)行雙軌制運(yùn)行模式、與其他戒毒模式界限不清等缺陷。執(zhí)行強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒基本流程時(shí),在審批決定環(huán)節(jié)缺失正當(dāng)司法程序、收治環(huán)節(jié)工作制度存在漏洞、執(zhí)行環(huán)節(jié)正當(dāng)性不足以及缺乏有效的救濟(jì)程序。在配套制度方面缺失監(jiān)管機(jī)制、人權(quán)保障、后續(xù)照管等制度,同時(shí)強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒與其他戒毒模式之間缺乏有效銜接。第四部分,落實(shí)問(wèn)題解決,針對(duì)我國(guó)強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒制度存在的缺陷提出完善的構(gòu)想。建議從重構(gòu)執(zhí)法權(quán)、確定執(zhí)法主體法律地位和執(zhí)法依據(jù)、理順強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒與其他戒毒模式關(guān)系三個(gè)方面完善強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒法律體系。通過(guò)完善戒毒監(jiān)督工作、加強(qiáng)執(zhí)行期間戒毒人員基礎(chǔ)權(quán)利保障、完善的戒毒人員收治制度和執(zhí)法工作中相關(guān)制度來(lái)彌補(bǔ)強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒制度配套制度的不足。同時(shí)要引入司法裁定程序、完善救濟(jì)程序和毒癮檢測(cè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)保證強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒基本流程的完善。最后建議通過(guò)培養(yǎng)執(zhí)法隊(duì)伍工作理念和加強(qiáng)各個(gè)戒毒模式主管部門(mén)的溝通聯(lián)系來(lái)為強(qiáng)制隔離戒毒工作保駕護(hù)航。
[Abstract]:Before the discovery of the first drug case in China in 1979, we have enjoyed the so-called "non toxic country" for 30 years because of the state of closed state in the state caused by special historical conditions. With the reform and opening up, the national economy has developed rapidly, China has become increasingly closely connected with the international community, and has become the drug problem of the world's nature. In recent years, the proportion of drug addicts in China has increased year by year, the relapse rate of drug addicts is high, the drug addicts are beginning to present the phenomenon of low age, and a series of social contradictions caused by the resulting violence crimes have been triggered, and the social harmony is greatly destroyed. The introduction of the "People's Republic of China anti drug law >" and "drug abstinence Ordinance >" symbolizes me. China has completed the construction of a complete drug abstinence system including the whole process. On the basis of the integration of the original compulsory detoxification and labor education and detoxification, a new compulsory isolation and detoxification measure is set up. The new detoxification system, starting from the concept of "people-oriented", defines the compulsory isolation detoxification personnel as "offenders", "patients" and "victims". It highlights the legislative purpose of maximizing the effect of educational discipline. From the perspective of administrative law, I take the law as the cornerstone of the law of "drug control" and "detoxification regulations" as the cornerstone, and combine work practice to study the compulsory isolation and detoxification system. In the first part, it reviews the history of compulsory isolation and detoxification, and expounds the main system of compulsory isolation and detoxification. Before the founding of new China, the government of the Qing Dynasty to the Kuomintang government had formulated corresponding regulations on compulsory detoxification. The Communist Party of China had also formulated a prohibition against opium crimes in the revolutionary base areas. After the establishment of the new China, the compulsory drug abstinence for drug addicts was the basis of the drug abstinence work before the establishment of the anti drug law. This principle, after the promulgation of the law on drug control, is one of the modes of detoxification (other modes including voluntary detoxification, community detoxification and community rehabilitation). The system of compulsory isolation and detoxification mainly consists of the provisions of the law on drug control, including the decisive organs of compulsory isolation and detoxification, the enforcement organs and the statutory situations of compulsory isolation and abstinence; He has relevant laws, regulations, rules and regulations and normative documents, and makes specific provisions on the acceptance, management, education, living hygiene, relieving and setting up of the drug addicts. In the second part, it introduces the system of compulsory isolation and its effective measures in other countries and regions, and mainly introduces the characterization of drug abuse. The crime of the United States and Germany, the provision of medical measures to replace the punishment of the United Kingdom and Japan, Finland and Thailand, Finland and Thailand, and comparison of the system and measures for drug abuse in the Taiwan region of our country. In the legal system, the compulsory isolation and detoxification system has the defects of neglecting the subject of law enforcement, implementing the dual track system operation mode and the other detoxification modes. When implementing the basic process of compulsory isolation and detoxification, there are lack of due judicial procedures in the examination and approval process, loopholes in the annulus work system and the legitimacy of the execution link. Enough and lack of effective relief procedures. Lack of regulatory mechanism in the supporting system, human rights protection, follow-up care and other systems, and the lack of effective link between the separation of drug addiction and other drug withdrawal mode. The fourth part, the implementation of the problem solution, in view of the defects of the system of compulsory isolation detoxification in China put forward a perfect concept. To establish legal rights, determine the legal status of the subject of law enforcement and the basis of law enforcement, to perfect the legal system of compulsory isolation and detoxification in three aspects of the relationship between compulsory isolation and detoxification and other detoxification modes. Through improving the supervision of drug abstinence, strengthening the protection of the basic rights of the detoxification personnel during the period of execution, the perfect treatment system of drug addicts and the relevant system in the law enforcement work At the same time, we should introduce the judicial ruling procedure, improve the relief procedure and the standard of drug addiction detection to ensure the improvement of the basic process of compulsory isolation and drug addiction. Finally, it is suggested that by training the work idea of the law enforcement team and strengthening the communication links between the various detoxification departments in charge of the detoxification departments in order to make the compulsory isolation. Take care of the detoxification work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D926.8
本文編號(hào)：2151334
[Abstract]:Before the discovery of the first drug case in China in 1979, we have enjoyed the so-called "non toxic country" for 30 years because of the state of closed state in the state caused by special historical conditions. With the reform and opening up, the national economy has developed rapidly, China has become increasingly closely connected with the international community, and has become the drug problem of the world's nature. In recent years, the proportion of drug addicts in China has increased year by year, the relapse rate of drug addicts is high, the drug addicts are beginning to present the phenomenon of low age, and a series of social contradictions caused by the resulting violence crimes have been triggered, and the social harmony is greatly destroyed. The introduction of the "People's Republic of China anti drug law >" and "drug abstinence Ordinance >" symbolizes me. China has completed the construction of a complete drug abstinence system including the whole process. On the basis of the integration of the original compulsory detoxification and labor education and detoxification, a new compulsory isolation and detoxification measure is set up. The new detoxification system, starting from the concept of "people-oriented", defines the compulsory isolation detoxification personnel as "offenders", "patients" and "victims". It highlights the legislative purpose of maximizing the effect of educational discipline. From the perspective of administrative law, I take the law as the cornerstone of the law of "drug control" and "detoxification regulations" as the cornerstone, and combine work practice to study the compulsory isolation and detoxification system. In the first part, it reviews the history of compulsory isolation and detoxification, and expounds the main system of compulsory isolation and detoxification. Before the founding of new China, the government of the Qing Dynasty to the Kuomintang government had formulated corresponding regulations on compulsory detoxification. The Communist Party of China had also formulated a prohibition against opium crimes in the revolutionary base areas. After the establishment of the new China, the compulsory drug abstinence for drug addicts was the basis of the drug abstinence work before the establishment of the anti drug law. This principle, after the promulgation of the law on drug control, is one of the modes of detoxification (other modes including voluntary detoxification, community detoxification and community rehabilitation). The system of compulsory isolation and detoxification mainly consists of the provisions of the law on drug control, including the decisive organs of compulsory isolation and detoxification, the enforcement organs and the statutory situations of compulsory isolation and abstinence; He has relevant laws, regulations, rules and regulations and normative documents, and makes specific provisions on the acceptance, management, education, living hygiene, relieving and setting up of the drug addicts. In the second part, it introduces the system of compulsory isolation and its effective measures in other countries and regions, and mainly introduces the characterization of drug abuse. The crime of the United States and Germany, the provision of medical measures to replace the punishment of the United Kingdom and Japan, Finland and Thailand, Finland and Thailand, and comparison of the system and measures for drug abuse in the Taiwan region of our country. In the legal system, the compulsory isolation and detoxification system has the defects of neglecting the subject of law enforcement, implementing the dual track system operation mode and the other detoxification modes. When implementing the basic process of compulsory isolation and detoxification, there are lack of due judicial procedures in the examination and approval process, loopholes in the annulus work system and the legitimacy of the execution link. Enough and lack of effective relief procedures. Lack of regulatory mechanism in the supporting system, human rights protection, follow-up care and other systems, and the lack of effective link between the separation of drug addiction and other drug withdrawal mode. The fourth part, the implementation of the problem solution, in view of the defects of the system of compulsory isolation detoxification in China put forward a perfect concept. To establish legal rights, determine the legal status of the subject of law enforcement and the basis of law enforcement, to perfect the legal system of compulsory isolation and detoxification in three aspects of the relationship between compulsory isolation and detoxification and other detoxification modes. Through improving the supervision of drug abstinence, strengthening the protection of the basic rights of the detoxification personnel during the period of execution, the perfect treatment system of drug addicts and the relevant system in the law enforcement work At the same time, we should introduce the judicial ruling procedure, improve the relief procedure and the standard of drug addiction detection to ensure the improvement of the basic process of compulsory isolation and drug addiction. Finally, it is suggested that by training the work idea of the law enforcement team and strengthening the communication links between the various detoxification departments in charge of the detoxification departments in order to make the compulsory isolation. Take care of the detoxification work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D926.8
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