發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-13 22:19

  本文選題：毒品依賴 + 兒童虐待　； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 毒品問題是我國面臨的重要公共衛(wèi)生與社會(huì)問題。截至2008年12月底,我國上網(wǎng)入庫的吸毒人員有112.67萬人,且呈現(xiàn)年輕化和低齡化趨勢(shì),35歲以下的青少年占69.3%。毒品濫用者最終會(huì)出現(xiàn)對(duì)毒品的依賴。 目前,毒品依賴的具體原因還不清楚。近年來,心理因素對(duì)毒品依賴及復(fù)吸的影響受到了廣泛關(guān)注。本研究從四個(gè)心理層面探討毒品依賴的成因：童年期受虐待是一種早期不良應(yīng)激,它可導(dǎo)致個(gè)體HPA軸功能持續(xù)亢進(jìn),而體內(nèi)高的糖皮質(zhì)激素水平又可以增加個(gè)體對(duì)成癮的敏感性,因此兒童期受虐待可能是毒品依賴的一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)因素；應(yīng)對(duì)與應(yīng)激緊密相連,應(yīng)對(duì)方式在心理應(yīng)激與身心健康間的中介作用已被眾多研究所證實(shí),不良的應(yīng)對(duì)方式與多種心理行為問題相關(guān),因此也可能與毒品依賴有關(guān)；感覺尋求是一種人格特質(zhì),高感覺尋求者更可能成為高速駕車者、嗜酒者、毒品使用者和追求高刺激活動(dòng)者,國內(nèi)關(guān)于感覺尋求與毒品依賴的研究較少；幸福感是個(gè)體對(duì)自己生活狀態(tài)的綜合評(píng)價(jià)與感受,毒品依賴者作為一個(gè)特殊群體,其幸福感也是本課題的重點(diǎn)研究內(nèi)容。本研究通過以上四個(gè)心理層面探討毒品依賴的成因,以期為毒品依賴的干預(yù)與治療提供新思路,為以后更深一步的生物學(xué)機(jī)制方面的研究奠定理論和數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)。 目的 1了解鄭州市強(qiáng)制戒毒學(xué)員分布概況； 2了解不同父母養(yǎng)育方式對(duì)毒品依賴的影響； 3探討毒品依賴與兒童期受虐待、應(yīng)對(duì)方式及感覺尋求的關(guān)系； 4了解戒毒學(xué)員的總體幸福感狀況。 對(duì)象與方法 戒毒組：鄭州市強(qiáng)制戒毒所戒毒學(xué)員,共184人,男110人,女74人。 正常對(duì)照組：新鄉(xiāng)某工廠健康職工,男142人,女58人。 采用現(xiàn)場(chǎng)自評(píng)式問卷調(diào)查的方法,調(diào)查內(nèi)容包括基本情況、吸毒史／飲酒史、家庭情況、童年期受虐待情況、應(yīng)付方式特征、感覺尋求人格特質(zhì)及幸福感狀況。采用EpiData和SPSS12.0錄入數(shù)據(jù),用SPSS12.0對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理和分析,分類變量的比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),定量變量的均數(shù)比較用單因素方差分析和獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)。 結(jié)果 1鄭州市強(qiáng)制戒毒所在所學(xué)員男性占59.8%,女性占40.2%,年齡范圍：16～53歲；小學(xué)及以下者占22.3%,初中占50.3%,高中及以上者占27.4%；吸毒前無業(yè)者有36.2%,吸毒后無業(yè)者占62.4%,吸毒前后職業(yè)變化差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)；婚姻狀況中離婚或分居者占32.0%；86.4%來自城市,13.6%來自農(nóng)村。 2戒毒學(xué)員第一次吸毒年齡最小11歲,最大53歲,平均(28.01±7.67)歲；第一次吸毒使用的毒品以海洛因?yàn)樽疃?占81.1%；第一次吸毒方式以燙吸居多,占87.0%；76.1%的人第一次吸毒原因?yàn)椤昂闷妗保坏谝淮挝?毒品來自親戚朋友的最多,占67.4%；戒毒2次及以上者占63.4%；使用毒品時(shí),4.2%的人曾與別人共用過注射器；戒毒學(xué)員家庭成員中有吸毒者的占14.3%。 3戒毒男性童年期虐待總分(45.62±12.37)大于女性(38.75±12.61),戒毒女性總體幸福感總分(85.11±15.54)高于男性(76.89±19.02),差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)；不同父母養(yǎng)育方式的戒毒學(xué)員在總體幸福感總分、對(duì)健康的擔(dān)心、憂郁或愉快的心境、松弛與緊張分量表上得分差異總的來說有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05),養(yǎng)育方式為不管不問的戒毒學(xué)員幸福感總分及各分量表得分都較低。 4戒毒學(xué)員與正常對(duì)照在婚姻狀況上的總體分布不同(χ2=145.48,P0.05),25歲以上的戒毒學(xué)員未婚者占30.2%；兩組父母的養(yǎng)育方式總體不同(χ2=43.02,P0.05),戒毒學(xué)員父母養(yǎng)育方式為溺愛者較多,而民主者較少；戒毒學(xué)員在情感虐待、軀體虐待、性虐待、情感忽視分量表得分及兒童期虐待總分上均高于對(duì)照,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)；無論男女,戒毒學(xué)員的消極應(yīng)對(duì)方式得分均高于對(duì)照,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)；戒毒學(xué)員感覺尋求總分與年齡的相關(guān)性不明顯,且感覺尋求總分始終處于較高水平,不同年齡段戒毒學(xué)員和對(duì)照的感覺尋求差異不同；戒毒學(xué)員在總體幸福感總分及各分量表上的得分均高于正常對(duì)照,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。 結(jié)論 1海洛因是鄭州市強(qiáng)制戒毒學(xué)員首次吸毒所采用的主流毒品；低文化程度、無 業(yè)是吸毒的危險(xiǎn)因素；青少年是吸毒的潛在和高危人群。 2家庭環(huán)境：毒品依賴者的婚姻狀況較差；童年期受虐待和不良的父母養(yǎng)育方 式,特別是不管不問的養(yǎng)育方式是吸毒的危險(xiǎn)因素。 3毒品依賴者傾向于使用消極的應(yīng)對(duì)方式,且相對(duì)于正常人群,毒品依賴者總體幸福感較弱。 4感覺尋求中的去抑制及興奮與冒險(xiǎn)尋求與毒品嘗試及毒品依賴有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:The drug problem is an important public health and social problem in China. By the end of December 2008, there were 1 million 126 thousand and 700 addicts on the Internet, which showed a trend of young and low age. The teenagers under 35 years of age accounted for the drug addicts in the 69.3%. drug abusers.
At present, the specific reasons for drug dependence are not clear. In recent years, the effect of psychological factors on drug dependence and relapse has been widely concerned. This study explores the causes of drug dependence from four psychological levels: childhood abuse is a kind of early bad stress, which can lead to the persistent hyperactivity of the HPA axis, and the high sugar cortex in the body. Hormone levels can also increase the sensitivity of the individual to addiction, so child abuse may be a risk factor for drug dependence; coping with stress is closely linked. The intermediary role of coping style between psychological stress and physical and mental health has been confirmed by many research, and the bad coping style is related to a variety of psychological behavior problems. It may also be associated with drug dependence; sensation seeking is a personality trait, and high sensation seekers are more likely to be high-speed drivers, alcoholics, drug users, and high spiny activator, and the domestic research on sensation seeking and drug dependence is less; the sense of happiness is an individual's comprehensive evaluation and perception of the state of his own life. As a special group, its happiness is also the key research content of this subject. This study explores the causes of drug dependence through the above four psychological aspects, in order to provide new ideas for the intervention and treatment of drug dependence and to lay a theoretical and data basis for further research on the further biological mechanism.
objective
1 understand the general distribution of compulsory detoxification students in Zhengzhou.
2 understand the influence of different parental rearing patterns on drug dependence.
3 to explore the relationship between drug dependence and childhood abuse, coping styles and sensation seeking.
4 understand the overall well-being of detoxification students.
Object and method
Detoxification group: there were 184 detoxification trainees in Zhengzhou compulsory detoxification center, 110 males and 74 females.
Normal control group: there were 142 healthy workers and 58 female workers in a factory in Xinxiang.
Using the method of field self-assessment questionnaire survey, the contents include basic situation, drug history / drinking history, family situation, childhood abuse, coping style, feeling seeking personality and happiness. EpiData and SPSS12.0 are used to record data, data are processed and analyzed with SPSS12.0, and classification variables are compared. Chi square test was used to compare the mean of quantitative variables using one-way ANOVA and independent sample t test.
Result
1 the number of male students in Zhengzhou compulsory detoxification was 59.8%, women accounted for 40.2%, age range: 16~53 years old; primary school and below accounted for 22.3%, junior high school accounted for 50.3%, high school and above accounted for 27.4%; before drug addicts were 36.2%, drug addicts accounted for 62.4% after drug use (P0.05); divorce in marriage status was statistically significant (P0.05); divorce in the marital status of divorce. Or 32% of those living apart, 86.4% from cities and 13.6% from rural areas.
2 the first time the drug addicts were 11 years old, the maximum age of 53, the average (28.01 + 7.67) years old. The first drug use drug used Hiro for the most, accounting for 81.1%; the first drug way was mostly hot sucking, accounting for 87%; 76.1% of the first drug use reasons were "curious"; the first drug use, drugs from relatives and friends at the most, accounting for 67. .4%; drug addicts accounted for 63.4% of the total number of drug addicts 2 times or more; when using drugs, 4.2% had shared syringes with others, and drug addicts accounted for 4.2% of the family members of drug addicts.
3 the total score of childhood abuse (45.62 + 12.37) was greater than that of women (38.75 + 12.61). The total score of total happiness (85.11 + 15.54) was higher than that of men (76.89 + 19.02), and the difference was statistically significant (P0.05). The total score of total happiness in the general body of detoxification students with different parental rearing methods, health concerns, melancholy or delightful mood were loose. The total scores on the relaxation and tension scale were statistically significant (P0.05). The total score of happiness and the score of each subscale were lower for the students who were not asked.
The total distribution of 4 detoxification students and normal controls was different (x 2=145.48, P0.05), and 30.2% of the unmarried detoxification students over 25 years old; the two groups of parents were generally different (x 2=43.02, P0.05). The parental rearing patterns of the detoxification students were more doting and less democratic; the detoxification students were emotionally abused and physical abuse. The scores of sexual abuse, emotional neglect subscale and childhood abuse were all higher than those of the control (P0.05). The scores of negative coping styles of the detoxification students were higher than those of the control, and the difference was statistically significant (P0.05); the correlation between the total score and the age was not significant, and the total score was found to be found. The differences in the total score and the scale of total happiness were higher than those in the normal control, and the difference was statistically significant (P0.05).
conclusion
1 heroin is the mainstream drug used by Zhengzhou compulsory drug addicts for the first time.
Industry is a risk factor for drug addiction, and adolescents are potential and high-risk groups for drug abuse.
2 family environment: marital status of drug addicts is poor; childhood abuse and unhealthy parental rearing side.
In particular, no matter how much parenting is not asked, it is a risk factor for drug abuse.
3 drug addicts tend to use negative coping styles. Compared with the normal population, drug addicts generally feel less happiness.
4 inhibition and excitement and sensation seeking in sensation seeking are related to drug trial and drug dependence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D631.4

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本文編號(hào)：2015687