本文選題：法理學(xué) + 公安機關(guān)��； 參考：《哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：公安機關(guān)的司法鑒定作為一項證明活動,其產(chǎn)生的鑒定意見或鑒定結(jié)論能夠直接為訴訟裁判提供證據(jù),影響裁判的質(zhì)量,甚至在某些情況下對整個案件的公正審判起到了決定性的作用。但不論是在理論研究領(lǐng)域,還是在實際運行中的實踐領(lǐng)域,關(guān)于公安機關(guān)司法鑒定和公安機關(guān)司法鑒定制度的爭議和問題始終存在。這些問題不僅阻礙了公安機關(guān)司法鑒定制度的發(fā)展,最終也影響了司法公正的實現(xiàn)和司法改革的進程。因此,從研究公安機關(guān)司法鑒定的法理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)理論的本源性問題出發(fā),探求解決現(xiàn)實問題的辦法,探索一條符合中國實際國情的改革和創(chuàng)新之路,是擺在當(dāng)今公安機關(guān)司法鑒定制度改革面前一個迫切而又現(xiàn)實的要求。長久以來,對于我國司法鑒定制度進行理論研究和實證改革探討的學(xué)者頗多,逐漸形成了統(tǒng)一的系統(tǒng)化的研究成果。但對于公安機關(guān)司法鑒定制度這一特殊研究對象,國內(nèi)外的學(xué)者卻僅在“公安司法鑒定與刑事科學(xué)鑒定的異同”、“公安機關(guān)是否存在‘自偵自鑒’問題”、“公安機關(guān)內(nèi)部是否應(yīng)設(shè)立司法鑒定機構(gòu)”等表面的現(xiàn)象問題上進行爭論,卻忽視對公安機關(guān)司法鑒定的理論本質(zhì)問題進行分析,這也是造成學(xué)理不清、爭議不停的重要原因。分析公安機關(guān)司法鑒定的法理學(xué)價值,探討在效率、正義、秩序、民主、理性價值取向下公安機關(guān)司法鑒定的應(yīng)然狀態(tài),不僅是開展其他理論、實證研究的基礎(chǔ),更為構(gòu)建理想公安司法鑒定制度提供指導(dǎo)依據(jù)。同時,通過實證調(diào)查研究,分析現(xiàn)行公安司法鑒定制度的現(xiàn)狀,從鑒定人、鑒定機構(gòu)、鑒定流程、鑒定監(jiān)督等方面對其內(nèi)部存在的問題進行深刻剖析。同時通過對國外警察機構(gòu)內(nèi)部設(shè)置的司法鑒定機構(gòu)體制和運行制度進行比較研究和對本國改革試點省份的先進經(jīng)驗分析后,我們可以得到指導(dǎo)現(xiàn)實改革的成功范例和三條指導(dǎo)性原則�；诖�,提出了推進專門立法、加強公安機關(guān)司法鑒定機構(gòu)的去行政化、完善公安機關(guān)司法鑒定的程序控制和管理制度等解決問題的辦法,辯證才能施治,以期拋磚引玉,得到大家的共鳴和認(rèn)可。
[Abstract]:The judicial identification of public security organs as a proof activity, its appraisal opinion or conclusion can directly provide evidence for the judge of the lawsuit and affect the quality of the judge. Even in some cases a fair trial of the whole case played a decisive role. However, whether in the field of theoretical research or in the practical field of practice, there are always disputes and problems concerning the judicial identification of public security organs and the system of judicial identification of public security organs. These problems not only hinder the development of the judicial identification system of public security organs, but also affect the realization of judicial justice and the process of judicial reform. Therefore, starting from the study of the origin of the basic theory of jurisprudence in the judicial expertise of public security organs, we should explore the solutions to the practical problems and explore a road of reform and innovation that conforms to China's actual national conditions. It is an urgent and realistic requirement for the reform of the judicial appraisal system of the public security organs. For a long time, many scholars have made theoretical research and empirical reform on the system of judicial expertise in China, and gradually formed a unified systematic research results. However, for the special research object of the system of judicial identification of public security organs, scholars at home and abroad are only in "similarities and differences between judicial identification of public security and criminal scientific identification" and "whether there is a problem of 'self-detection and self-identification' in public security organs". It is an important reason that the theoretical essence of judicial expertise of public security organs is analyzed, which is also an important reason for the confusion of academic theory and the non-stop controversy of the phenomenon of "whether or not to set up judicial expertise in public security organs" and other superficial phenomena, but neglects the analysis of the theoretical essence of judicial expertise in public security organs. To analyze the juristic value of judicial expertise of public security organs, to explore the necessary state of judicial expertise of public security organs under the value orientation of efficiency, justice, order, democracy and rationality is not only the basis of carrying out other theories and empirical studies. More ideal public security judicial identification system to provide guidance basis. At the same time, through the empirical investigation and research, this paper analyzes the present situation of the current public security judicial identification system, and deeply analyzes its internal problems from the aspects of the appraiser, the appraisal organization, the appraisal process, the appraisal supervision and so on. At the same time, through a comparative study of the system and operation system of judicial expertise institutions set up within foreign police agencies and an analysis of the advanced experience of the pilot provinces in China's reform, We can get successful examples and three guiding principles to guide real reform. Based on this, this paper puts forward some solutions to solve the problems, such as promoting special legislation, strengthening the deadministration of public security organs' judicial expertise institutions, perfecting the procedural control and management system of public security organs' judicial expertise, and so on, so that they can be dealt with dialectically, with a view to throwing bricks at the ground, To get everyone's resonance and recognition.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D918.9

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本文編號：1936175