本文選題：現(xiàn)場足跡 + 掃描成像　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)場足跡是指作案人員在進(jìn)行某種作案行為時(shí),在案發(fā)現(xiàn)場留下的腳印或者鞋印。由于犯罪行為的發(fā)生率的日益增大,對(duì)于犯罪現(xiàn)場足跡的提取與分析就愈發(fā)顯得重要�，F(xiàn)場足跡對(duì)于刑事案件來說是一種具有很高價(jià)值的證據(jù)。借助于對(duì)現(xiàn)場足跡的處理與分析,警方工作人員推測出作案人員的基本信息以及一些個(gè)人習(xí)慣,比如性別、身高、體重、行走步態(tài)等,這在案件的偵破過程中可以縮小調(diào)查的范圍,甚至做到犯罪嫌疑人的追蹤,有利于警力的合理分配和真正做到有的放矢。鑒于現(xiàn)場足跡的普遍性以及其產(chǎn)生條件和客觀條件,如何能夠有效的對(duì)犯罪現(xiàn)場的足跡進(jìn)行發(fā)現(xiàn)、鑒別、提取就顯得格外重要,也是眾多環(huán)節(jié)中的第一步。目前在刑偵領(lǐng)域提取現(xiàn)場足跡時(shí),一般采用強(qiáng)警光照射的配光方式,然后通過照相機(jī)進(jìn)行拍照成像。這樣的做法全靠人工操作,且操作比較復(fù)雜,浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和人力。這種常規(guī)方法的缺陷如下:1、成像環(huán)境受到周圍環(huán)境光的影響;2、有些足跡垂直方向無法辨別出來,但若是利用照相機(jī)傾斜拍照,則無法避免由于傾斜成像導(dǎo)致的圖像畸變;3、成像質(zhì)量受到背景的條紋和圖案影響,尤其對(duì)于彩色背底上的足跡,很難清晰成像;4、由光源不夠均勻的因素而導(dǎo)致圖像明暗不均,所成的像的質(zhì)量差。5、采集到的足跡圖像很大程度上受到操作人員的技術(shù)水平的限制,同時(shí)也可能受到器件抖動(dòng)等因素造成的影響。上面的這些問題都嚴(yán)重影響了足跡的提取和成像質(zhì)量,使得刑偵工作的后續(xù)部分受到一定程度的阻礙。本論文設(shè)計(jì)了一種新型提取現(xiàn)場足跡的裝置,它是基于掠入射和掃描成像的工作原理,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)現(xiàn)場足跡圖像的有效提取。與現(xiàn)有技術(shù)相比,具有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn):1、有效的保證在掃描成像時(shí)屏蔽了周圍環(huán)境光的影響,提高了成像的質(zhì)量;2、有效保證了成像的準(zhǔn)確性,因?yàn)椴捎昧藪呙璩上竦姆绞?所以避免了常規(guī)拍照方式造成的足跡圖像傾斜畸形,保證了每部分的真實(shí)情況。3、采用了條形線偏振光源掠入射配光的方式,同時(shí)保證掃描成像單元接收的光的出射方向貼近足跡平面,保證了足跡的清晰呈現(xiàn)。4、掃描成像照明光源前端和足跡漫反射光接收端都配有線偏振片,增大了成像時(shí)足跡與背景的反差。本論文中設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)的現(xiàn)場足跡提取裝置可以有效提取現(xiàn)場足跡圖像,為案件的偵破工作提供有價(jià)值的信息和幫助,具有很高的實(shí)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Site footprints are the footprints or imprints left at the scene of a crime scene by the perpetrators. Because of the increasing incidence of criminal behavior, the extraction and analysis of the crime scene is becoming more and more important. The field footprint is a highly valuable evidence for criminal cases. In the process and analysis of the field footprints, police officers speculate about the basic information of the workers and some personal habits, such as sex, height, weight, walking gait and so on. This can reduce the scope of the investigation in the detection process of the case, even follow the suspects' tracking, which is beneficial to the rational distribution of police force and the real achievement of some people. In view of the universality of the field footprints and its conditions and objective conditions, it is very important to find out the footprints of the crime scene, identify and extract the footprints of the crime, and it is also the first step in many links. The camera is photographed and imaging. It is done manually, and the operation is more complex, waste time and manpower. The defects of the conventional method are as follows: 1, the imaging environment is affected by the ambient light; 2, some tracks can not be identified vertically, but if the camera is inclined to take pictures, it is impossible to avoid the inclination because of the tilt. Image distortion like the resulting image distortion; 3, the image quality is affected by the background stripes and patterns, especially for the footprints on the color back bottom, and it is difficult to clear the image clearly; 4, the image is not uniform by the inhomogeneous factor of the light source, and the quality difference of the image is.5, and the captured footprint image is largely limited by the technical level of the operator. It can also be affected by factors such as device jitter. These problems have seriously affected the extraction and imaging quality of the footprint, and make the follow-up part of the criminal investigation work to a certain extent. This paper designs a new device for the extraction of the field footprint, which is based on the work of grazing incidence and scanning imaging. Compared with the existing technology, it has the following advantages: 1, it effectively guarantees the influence of the ambient light in the scanning imaging, improves the quality of the imaging; 2, effectively ensures the accuracy of the imaging, because the scanning imaging method is adopted, so the conventional photography is avoided. The footmark Image tilt deformity ensures the true situation of each part of the.3, and uses a strip line polarization light source to sweep the incident light, and ensure that the direction of the image received by the scanning imaging unit is close to the footprint plane, so as to ensure the clear.4 of the footprint, and the front end of the scanning imaging lighting source and the receiving end of the footprint diffuse light are all wired. The polarizer increases the contrast between the footprint and the background of the image. The field footprint extraction device designed and developed in this paper can effectively extract the field footprint image, which provides valuable information and help for the detection of the case, and has a high practical value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D918.91

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