本文選題：犯罪行為　切入點：犯罪地點　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 犯罪作為一種社會現(xiàn)象,必然隨著社會的發(fā)展而變化,并呈現(xiàn)出一種動態(tài)的變化過程。從某些方面來講,犯罪具有區(qū)域化的特征。任何一個特定的行政區(qū)域,其地理環(huán)境和社會現(xiàn)狀直接決定著該區(qū)域內(nèi)主要的犯罪類型和犯罪的發(fā)展趨勢。同其他有因之果的事物一樣,犯罪的產(chǎn)生也并不是沒有原因的。一切犯罪個案的產(chǎn)生都離不開相應(yīng)的時間、地點及其它相關(guān)因素。缺少了一定的條件和因素,犯罪就不可能發(fā)生。 犯罪行為作為個人反抗社會的產(chǎn)物,是國家首先需要給予否定的人類行為。因此,它受到了政治家、社會學(xué)家、法學(xué)家等學(xué)者們的廣泛關(guān)注。為了有效地預(yù)防和打擊犯罪,學(xué)者們傾注了大量的心血,從各個不同的層面對之進行研究。對犯罪的研究,最主要的是對犯罪行為的研究。然而,在我國對犯罪行為的研究一直以來都是由刑法學(xué)和犯罪學(xué)擔(dān)當(dāng)著。刑法學(xué)以犯罪行為的確定性為前提,把犯罪行為作為構(gòu)成要件的要素來研究;犯罪學(xué)則把犯罪行為作為社會現(xiàn)象來考察,它顯示的是概略的、非要件式的行為特征。但是,刑法學(xué)和犯罪學(xué)都沒有把犯罪行為作為唯一的、專門的研究對象。換言之,它們對犯罪行為的研究都僅僅是作為實現(xiàn)自己主要目的的手段或者前提,并沒有對行為本身做系統(tǒng)地研究。因此,從某些方面來說,前輩們對犯罪行為的研究缺乏一種宏觀的、系統(tǒng)的方法,具有一定的局限性。 復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)是現(xiàn)實世界中大量復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)存在的拓撲基礎(chǔ)。從整體特征而言,它介于規(guī)則網(wǎng)絡(luò)和隨機網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間,具有小世界效應(yīng)和無標(biāo)度的特征。從整體研究角度而言,它以不同復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間的共性和處理它們的普適方法為研究對象。因此,我們可以將復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論用于對犯罪行為的研究。 本文的研究重點并不是試圖建立一個全新的復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,而是在借鑒已有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型的基礎(chǔ)上,建立犯罪地點關(guān)系網(wǎng)路。通過對犯罪地點關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò),這一真實加權(quán)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)目前專家學(xué)者在研究犯罪行為的過程中所忽略的一些方法和知識。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下: 第一,利用已經(jīng)獲得的真實數(shù)據(jù)來構(gòu)建犯罪地點關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò),得到了犯罪地點關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖。 第二,將犯罪地點關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)投影為基于案件的犯罪地點關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)和基于人數(shù)的犯罪地點關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)兩種加權(quán)網(wǎng)絡(luò),并得到了二者的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖。 第三,分析基于案件的犯罪地點關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)和基于人數(shù)的犯罪地點關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu),并對二者進行模擬仿真,發(fā)現(xiàn)了二者的點權(quán)分布和邊權(quán)分布都具有冪律分布的特征。 第四,結(jié)合刑法、犯罪學(xué)及其他相關(guān)知識,分析已發(fā)犯罪行為的主要特征及影響犯罪行為發(fā)生的主要因素,對司法部門和有關(guān)管理部門提出了預(yù)防和打擊犯罪的建議。此外,還總結(jié)了本文所做的主要工作,并對下一步工作提出了展望。
[Abstract]:Crime, as a social phenomenon, inevitably changes with the development of society and presents a dynamic process of change. In some respects, crime has the characteristics of regionalization. Its geographical environment and social conditions directly determine the main types of crime and trends in crime in the region. The emergence of crime is not without reason. All cases of crime can not occur without the corresponding time, place and other relevant factors. Without certain conditions and factors, the crime can not take place. Criminal behavior, as a product of individual resistance to society, is the first human behavior that the country needs to deny. Therefore, it has attracted the widespread attention of politicians, sociologists, jurists and other scholars. In order to effectively prevent and combat crime, the criminal behavior has attracted the attention of many scholars, such as politicians, sociologists, jurists and so on. Scholars put a lot of effort into it and studied it at different levels. The most important thing in the study of crime is the study of criminal behavior. However, In our country, the study of criminal behavior has always been carried out by criminal law and criminology. Criminal law takes the certainty of criminal act as the premise and regards criminal act as the element of constitutive elements. Criminology, on the other hand, looks at criminal behavior as a social phenomenon, which shows a general nature and must be characterized by piecemeal behavior. However, neither criminal law nor criminology takes criminal conduct as the sole, specialized object of study. In other words, Their research on criminal behavior is only as a means or premise to achieve their main purpose, and they do not systematically study the behavior itself. Therefore, in some respects, the study of criminal behavior by their predecessors lacks a macro. The systematic method has certain limitation. Complex network is the topological foundation of the existence of a large number of complex systems in the real world. In terms of the overall characteristics, it lies between the regular network and the random network, and has the characteristics of small-world effect and scale-free. It focuses on the commonness of different complex networks and the universal methods to deal with them. Therefore, we can apply the theory of complex networks to the study of criminal behavior. The research focus of this paper is not to try to establish a new complex network model, but to establish the network of criminal location relationship based on the existing network model. The research of this real weighted network finds some methods and knowledge that experts and scholars ignore in the course of studying criminal behavior. The main contents of this paper are as follows:. Firstly, using the real data obtained to construct the crime location relationship network, the network structure diagram of the crime location relationship network is obtained. Secondly, the crime location relationship network is projected into two kinds of weighted networks, namely, the crime location relationship network based on the case and the crime location relationship network based on the number of persons, and the schematic diagram of the network structure of the two networks is obtained. Thirdly, the topological structure of the crime location relationship network based on the case and the crime location relationship network based on the number of persons is analyzed, and the simulation results show that the point weight distribution and the edge weight distribution of both have the characteristics of power law distribution. Fourth, combined with criminal law, criminology and other relevant knowledge, analyzes the main characteristics of the crime committed and the main factors that affect the occurrence of the crime, and puts forward suggestions for the judiciary and the relevant management departments to prevent and combat crime. In addition, The main work done in this paper is summarized, and the future work is prospected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D917

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：1696525