本文選題：地鐵火災(zāi)　切入點(diǎn)：數(shù)值模擬　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：地鐵系統(tǒng)整體位于地下,屬于人口密度較大的公共聚集場(chǎng)所,對(duì)于疏散和救援都有一定的難度,倘若有事故發(fā)生,極易造成較大的人員傷亡。在地鐵災(zāi)害事故中火災(zāi)最多,原因是火災(zāi)燃燒產(chǎn)生的煙氣等有毒氣體不僅阻礙人們的視線(xiàn),而且燃燒的高溫和濃煙將給人們?cè)斐奢^大的心理恐慌。做好人員疏散可以大量減少傷亡,減小事故后果的嚴(yán)重性。因此,對(duì)于地鐵火災(zāi)疏散問(wèn)題的研究必不可少,而且能為事故發(fā)生后人員的疏散提供理論基礎(chǔ)。因?yàn)閺幕馂?zāi)開(kāi)始到火勢(shì)蔓延至無(wú)法逃生需要一段時(shí)間,如果能夠在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)完成人員疏散,那么就能保證人員的生命安全,減小事故后果的嚴(yán)重程度。本篇論文就是基于上述原因,以北京市某雙層島式地鐵站為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用數(shù)值模擬法進(jìn)行火災(zāi)模擬和基于火災(zāi)的人員疏散模擬,分析火災(zāi)模式下地鐵系統(tǒng)中的溫度場(chǎng)和煙氣場(chǎng)以及能見(jiàn)度的分布,研究火災(zāi)蔓延規(guī)律,定量分析火災(zāi)后地鐵站到達(dá)危險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)的時(shí)間,并針對(duì)該地鐵站內(nèi)的人員特征,分析計(jì)算出基于火災(zāi)的人員疏散時(shí)間。比較疏散時(shí)間與危險(xiǎn)臨界時(shí)間,判斷該地鐵站是否滿(mǎn)足疏散要求,并就模擬結(jié)果提出相關(guān)建議。論文主要的研究結(jié)論是確定了建立地鐵站物理模型的參數(shù),并用Pyrosim軟件建立北京某地鐵站的物理模型;確定建立地鐵站火災(zāi)模擬模型的參數(shù),包括火災(zāi)的類(lèi)型、火源的位置、熱釋放速率、模擬時(shí)間、探測(cè)器(疏散影響因素包括煙層高度、煙氣溫度、能見(jiàn)度)的位置等,并用FDS軟件建立地鐵站的地鐵列車(chē)火災(zāi)模擬模型以及地鐵站臺(tái)火災(zāi)模擬模型,針對(duì)火災(zāi)隨時(shí)間的發(fā)展情況進(jìn)行相關(guān)的分析,從而得出兩種火災(zāi)的發(fā)展過(guò)程以及計(jì)算可用疏散時(shí)間tASET;確定建立基于火災(zāi)的地鐵站疏散模擬模型的參數(shù),包括疏散人數(shù)、人員的疏散速度、疏散起始位置、疏散出口、疏散時(shí)間等,并用EVACNET軟件建立基于兩種火災(zāi)的地鐵站疏散模擬模型,分析計(jì)算必須疏散時(shí)間tRSET,比較兩個(gè)疏散時(shí)間,判斷該地鐵站不能完成安全疏散的位置并分析原因以及提出相關(guān)疏散建議。
[Abstract]:The subway system is located underground and belongs to the public gathering place with high population density. It is difficult for evacuation and rescue. If there is an accident, it is easy to cause more casualties. The reason is that the smoke and other toxic gases from the fire will not only hinder the sight of people, but also the burning high temperature and thick smoke will cause greater psychological panic. Good evacuation can greatly reduce casualties. Therefore, it is necessary to study the evacuation problem of subway fire, and can provide a theoretical basis for the evacuation of people after the accident, because it takes some time from the beginning of the fire to the spread of the fire to be unable to escape. If the evacuation can be completed within this period of time, then it can ensure the safety of the personnel and reduce the severity of the accident consequences. This paper is based on the above reasons, taking a double-layer island subway station in Beijing as the research object. The fire simulation and fire evacuation simulation are carried out by numerical simulation method. The distribution of temperature field, smoke field and visibility in subway system under fire mode is analyzed, and the law of fire spread is studied. Quantitative analysis of the time of the subway station reaching the dangerous state after the fire, and according to the personnel characteristics of the subway station, the evacuation time based on fire is analyzed and calculated, and the evacuation time is compared with the critical time of danger. The main conclusion of this paper is that the parameters of establishing the physical model of subway station are determined, and the physical model of a Beijing subway station is established by Pyrosim software. Determining the parameters for establishing a fire simulation model for subway stations, including the type of fire, the location of the fire source, the heat release rate, the simulated time, the location of the detector (the evacuation factors include smoke height, flue gas temperature, visibility), etc. The fire simulation model of subway train and the fire simulation model of subway platform are established with FDS software, and the related analysis is carried out according to the development of fire over time. Thus, the development process of two kinds of fires and the calculation of available evacuation time are obtained, and the parameters of establishing evacuation simulation model of subway station based on fire are determined, including evacuation number, evacuation speed, evacuation initial location, evacuation exit, etc. The evacuation time and so on, using EVACNET software to establish the subway station evacuation simulation model based on two kinds of fire, analyze and calculate the necessary evacuation time tRSET, compare the two evacuation time, Determine the location where the subway station cannot complete the safe evacuation and analyze the reasons and make relevant evacuation suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D631.6

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