【摘要】：《水滸傳》描述了梁山好漢在特定的歷史條件下反抗不正義的制度、追求社會(huì)正義的種種故事,傳達(dá)出他們?cè)谠馐軓?qiáng)烈壓制和不公平待遇的狀態(tài)下對(duì)公平、正義的呼喚,反映了傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)普通民眾對(duì)于“正義”的追求�！端疂G傳》不只是一部?jī)?yōu)秀的古典小說(shuō),更是一部關(guān)于正義的教科書(shū)。本文試著從法哲學(xué)的維度來(lái)分析和審視《水滸傳》,考察其中蘊(yùn)涵的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)正義思想。 從全書(shū)看,《水滸傳》表達(dá)的正義主要有三種形式：作為判斷正義最高依據(jù)的“天道”,作為正義人性基礎(chǔ)的“復(fù)仇”,以及介于兩者之間、調(diào)和最高正義與基礎(chǔ)性正義的“義”。眾所周知,“天道”是中國(guó)古代哲學(xué)的重要范疇,儒、道、墨等諸家學(xué)說(shuō)都把其歸結(jié)為一個(gè)不可超越的、終極性的存在,它是不能違背的,凡事都要遵循“天道”的指引�！端疂G傳》以融合了諸家天道思想的“替天行道”為內(nèi)容主旨,充分展現(xiàn)了“天道”的正義內(nèi)涵。與“天道”相同,“復(fù)仇”也是《水滸傳》的重要主題�！端疂G傳》之所以花大量的篇幅描述復(fù)仇,是因?yàn)樗c正義緊密相關(guān),體現(xiàn)了正義的人性基礎(chǔ),是其表達(dá)正義的另一重要形式。在“天道”與“復(fù)仇”之外,作者還向讀者們展現(xiàn)了“義”這中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的重要范疇。在《水滸傳》中,“義”是聯(lián)結(jié)梁山好漢的精神紐帶,具體體現(xiàn)為“打抱不平”、“仗義疏財(cái)”、“患難與共”等諸多內(nèi)容�！傲x”非為別物,它實(shí)際上也是“正義”的重要組成成分之一,其實(shí)質(zhì)是我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)思想中正義觀念的集中展現(xiàn)。 從更深層次上看,《水滸傳》的思想意蘊(yùn)也反應(yīng)了中國(guó)古代的人們對(duì)正義的探索、對(duì)制度的追問(wèn)以及對(duì)價(jià)值的思考。全書(shū)以招安為界,可分為前后兩個(gè)部分。前一部分描寫(xiě)梁山英雄的反抗,宣揚(yáng)的主要思想是：在不正義的體制下,人們的反抗是合理的、正當(dāng)?shù)�；后一部分描�?xiě)梁山英雄招安之后為朝廷賣(mài)命,轉(zhuǎn)而鎮(zhèn)壓其他起義者,其行為的性質(zhì)發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)化,即由正義轉(zhuǎn)化為非正義,這也為梁山好漢的最終命運(yùn)埋下了伏筆,揭示了其悲劇性命運(yùn)的終極根源,它宣揚(yáng)了這樣的正義觀：為不正以張目即為非正義。 結(jié)論部分略述了《水滸傳》所探索的正義思想的意義與局限,對(duì)全文進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:The Outlaws of the Marsh describes the stories of Liang Shan heroes rebelling against injustice under specific historical conditions and pursuing social justice, conveys their call for fairness and justice under the condition of strong repression and unfair treatment, and reflects the pursuit of justice by ordinary people in traditional society. Margin is not only an excellent classical novel, but also a textbook about justice. This paper tries to analyze and examine the Outlaws of the Marsh from the perspective of philosophy of law, and to investigate the traditional Chinese justice thought contained in it. From the point of view of the whole book, there are three main forms of justice expressed in Outlaws of the Marsh: "Heaven Tao", which is the highest basis for judging justice, "revenge", which is the basis of human nature of justice, and "righteousness", which harmonizes the highest justice and the basic justice between the two. As we all know, "Tiandao" is an important category of ancient Chinese philosophy. Confucianism, Taoism, Mo and other theories all attribute it to an insurmountable and ultimate existence, which can not be violated, and everything should follow the guidance of "Tiandao". The Water margin takes the "substitute for Heaven" as the main purpose of integrating the thoughts of Heaven and Tao, and fully shows the just connotation of "Heaven Tao". Like Tiandao, revenge is also an important theme of the Water margin. The reason why the Water margin devotes a lot of space to describe revenge is because it is closely related to justice, embodies the human nature foundation of justice, and is another important form of its expression of justice. In addition to Tiandao and vengeance, the author also shows readers the important category of "righteousness", which is an important category of Chinese traditional culture. In the Outlaws of the Marsh, "righteousness" is the spiritual link connecting Liangshan heroes, which is embodied in many contents, such as "fighting injustice", "saving justice and sparing wealth", "sharing weal and woe" and so on. "righteousness" is not something else, but it is actually one of the important components of "justice". Its essence is the concentrated display of the concept of justice in the traditional thought of our country. From a deeper point of view, the ideological implication of the Water margin also reflects the ancient Chinese people's exploration of justice, the inquiry of the system and the thinking of value. The book is bounded by Zhaoan and can be divided into two parts. The first part describes the resistance of Liang Shan heroes, and the main ideas advocated are: under the unjust system, people's resistance is reasonable and legitimate; The latter part describes Liang Shan hero Zhaoan after working for the court, turning to suppress other insurgents, the nature of his behavior has been transformed, that is, from justice to injustice, which also lays the groundwork for the final fate of Liangshan hero, reveals the ultimate root of his tragic fate, it preaches such a view of justice: in order not to take Zhang's eyes as injustice. The conclusion part briefly describes the significance and limitation of the justice thought explored in Outlaws of the Marsh, and summarizes the full text.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D909.2

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本文編號(hào)：2504421