【摘要】：卡多佐的法官造法思想一直以來(lái)都受到了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的關(guān)注和研究,雖然他并不是普通法系中第一個(gè)提出法官造法思想的,但是這一思想被認(rèn)可,繼而能在美國(guó)的司法變革中起到重要的作用,卡多佐功不可沒(méi)。19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初的美國(guó),充滿(mǎn)了未知的挑戰(zhàn)和可能,卡多佐將實(shí)用主義理論與法官職能完美的結(jié)合到了一起,對(duì)美國(guó)司法的革新起到了重要的影響,法官造法思想就是他思想的核心�？ǘ嘧舻姆ü僭旆ㄋ枷牖A(chǔ)是美國(guó)普通法在發(fā)展過(guò)程中所形成的傳統(tǒng)和美國(guó)法律實(shí)用主義哲學(xué)。他的思想受到了實(shí)用主義法學(xué)家霍姆斯、格雷以及同時(shí)代的社會(huì)法學(xué)的代表人物龐德的影響。當(dāng)然卡多佐法官造法思想的提出也都逃脫不出當(dāng)時(shí)的時(shí)代背景,隨著工業(yè)革命的結(jié)束和社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,人們的觀念也因此發(fā)生了巨大的變化,而這些變化同樣也帶動(dòng)了美國(guó)在司法方面的革新,而卡多佐的法官造法思想也就是在這樣的理論背景和時(shí)代背景下產(chǎn)生的。我們?cè)谟懻摽ǘ嘧舴ü僭旆ㄋ枷氲那疤崾且o所造之“法”的范圍要予以確定下來(lái),很顯然卡多佐所說(shuō)的法是廣義上的法,法的形式和內(nèi)容也都是廣義的,繼而要對(duì)法律的性質(zhì)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容顯得更為重要一些,要對(duì)卡多佐造法的基礎(chǔ)即遵循先例、法官造法的限制以及法官造法的終極目標(biāo)社會(huì)福利加以論述。法官造法的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)完整的呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)了,法官在面對(duì)個(gè)案的時(shí)候,就需要用到法官造法的方法,包括哲學(xué)的、歷史的、習(xí)慣的和社會(huì)學(xué)的方法�？ǘ嘧粼谥匾暲碚撗芯康耐瑫r(shí)更重視實(shí)踐當(dāng)中的積累,無(wú)論是作為律師的卡多佐還是法官的卡多佐,都體現(xiàn)出了他注重社會(huì)的真正需求和實(shí)踐,為他法官造法的思想提供了理論依據(jù)。在他的法律職業(yè)生涯之初就體現(xiàn)出了和其他律師不一樣的特點(diǎn),將法律問(wèn)題與社會(huì)生活實(shí)際相聯(lián)系,作為法官的卡多佐將法官造法的方法運(yùn)用在了具體的個(gè)案面前,他司法意見(jiàn)書(shū)更是秉持了理性與正義。無(wú)論是對(duì)卡多佐人格魅力的折服還是對(duì)他為美國(guó)司法史所做出的貢獻(xiàn)來(lái)說(shuō),卡多佐贏得了許多的贊許,當(dāng)然了也會(huì)批判的聲音。但是思想理論的研究都是開(kāi)放的,不能閉門(mén)造車(chē),只有對(duì)實(shí)踐具有指導(dǎo)意義都是有益的。當(dāng)前我國(guó)正處于司法改革的階段,更應(yīng)該放眼看世界,盡管我國(guó)與美國(guó)的法律體系相比較存在很大的不同,但是追求公平正義的精神都是相同的,可以相互吸收借鑒。
[Abstract]:Mr. Cardoso's idea of the law of the judge has always been concerned and studied by scholars at home and abroad, although he is not the first to put forward the idea of the law of the judge in the common law system, but the idea is recognized, and then can play an important role in the judicial reform of the United States, In the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, the United States was full of unknown challenges and possible, and Mr. Cardoso combined the pragmatic theory with the function of the judge, and played an important role in the reform of American justice. The idea of the law of the judge was the core of his thought. Cardoso's law of law is based on the tradition of American common law and the philosophy of American legal pragmatism. His ideas were influenced by the pragmatic jurist Homs, Gray, and the representative of the same age of social law. of course, the idea of the law of the judge of Cardoso did not escape the background of the time, and with the end of the industrial revolution and the adjustment of the social structure, the idea of people changed greatly, and these changes also led to the reform of the United States in the field of the administration of justice, And Cardoso's law of law is also under the background of the theory and the background of the background. It is clear that Cardoso's law is a broad law and the form and content of the law are broad, and then the nature of the law should be explained. The following content is more important, which is based on the precedent, the limitation of the law of the judge and the ultimate objective social welfare of the law of the judge. The content of the law of the judge has been fully presented. In the face of the case, the judge needs to use the method of the law of the judge, including the method of the philosophy, the history, the habit and the sociology. Cardoso paid more attention to the accumulation of the theory while paying more attention to the theoretical study, both as the lawyer's Cardoso or the judge's Cardoso, which reflected his emphasis on the real needs and the practice of the society, and provided the theoretical basis for his law-making. At the beginning of his legal career, he reflected the different characteristics of other lawyers, linking the legal issues with the reality of social life, and using the judge's method of making the law in front of the specific case, and his judicial opinions were the rational and the justice. Cardoso won a lot of praise, of course, for his contribution to Cardoso's charisma, and to his contribution to the history of American justice, of course. But the research of the theory of thought is open, it can't be closed to the car, only has the guiding significance to the practice. At present, our country is in the stage of judicial reform, more should see the world, although our country is quite different from the legal system of the United States, but the spirit of the pursuit of fairness and justice is the same, and can absorb and draw lessons from each other.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D909.1

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