中美兩國公務(wù)員制度比較研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-17 08:44
【摘要】：完善中國的公務(wù)員制度是建立社會主義民主政治的內(nèi)在要求。為了實現(xiàn)這一目標,有必要將中國的公務(wù)員制度同國外先進的公務(wù)員制度進行比較研究,從中發(fā)現(xiàn)中國公務(wù)員制度的不足之處,以及目前世界上現(xiàn)有的公務(wù)員制度的先進經(jīng)驗和做法。 美國是目前世界上最為發(fā)達的國家,其公務(wù)員制度也是世界上最為完善的公務(wù)員制度之一,因此本文將中國的公務(wù)員制度同美國的公務(wù)員制度進行比較研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)中美兩國公務(wù)員制度之間的異同,以期能夠?qū)ν晟浦袊墓珓?wù)員制度有所幫助。 本文包括結(jié)語部分共有六章,各章的內(nèi)容如下： 第一章對說明了公務(wù)員制度的含義,指出公務(wù)員制度產(chǎn)生的歷史原因,并對中美兩國公務(wù)員制度的建立過程和發(fā)展過程進行了總結(jié),指出了中美兩國公務(wù)員制度建立和發(fā)展一方面是由于兩國的現(xiàn)代化的需要決定的。另一方面,中美兩國不同的國情又使得兩國的公務(wù)員制度存在著較大的區(qū)別。 第二章討論了中美兩國公務(wù)員制度指導原則的異同。公務(wù)員制度的指導原則是公務(wù)員制度建立和發(fā)展的靈魂,因此指導原則的不同顯示出中美兩國公務(wù)員制度相異的內(nèi)在根源。指導原則的相同部分則為兩國的公務(wù)員制度的相互學習奠定了可能性。 第三章討論了中美兩國公務(wù)員制度在人事分類制度方面的異同。美國目前實行的是較為完善的建立在官分兩途基礎(chǔ)之上的公務(wù)員職位分類制度,其專業(yè)化特征非常明顯。中國實行的則是結(jié)合了品位分類制度的職位分類制度,它吸收了品位分類制度和職位分類制度的優(yōu)勢,但自身也存在著問題。 第四章探討了中美兩國公務(wù)員制度關(guān)于公務(wù)員的義務(wù)和權(quán)利的關(guān)系的規(guī)定,中美兩國在公務(wù)員權(quán)利和義務(wù)的規(guī)定上有很多相似之處,其相異之處則是有政治制度的不同和現(xiàn)代化進程的不同的兩種情況決定的。 第五章對中美兩國公務(wù)員的職務(wù)管理制度進行了比較,這種比較包括公務(wù)員的錄用機制、考核機制、升降任免機制和培訓機制。通過這幾個方面的比較,我們可以比較全面地考察中美兩國在公務(wù)員職務(wù)管理制度上的不同,為完善中國的公務(wù)員職務(wù)管理制度具有很好的借鑒作用。 結(jié)語部分提出了中國目前公務(wù)員制度中可以加以完善的三方面內(nèi)容,這三個方面是通過中美兩國公務(wù)員制度的比較得出的。第一,試行政務(wù)類公務(wù)員和事務(wù)類公務(wù)員分開的機制；第二,試行公務(wù)員家庭財產(chǎn)申報制度；第三,完善公務(wù)員考核制度。
[Abstract]:Perfecting China's civil service system is the inherent requirement of establishing socialist democratic politics. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to make a comparative study of the civil service system in China and the advanced civil service system abroad, and find out the shortcomings of the civil service system in China. And the current world's existing civil service experience and practices. The United States is currently the most developed country in the world, and its civil service system is one of the most perfect civil service systems in the world. Therefore, this paper makes a comparative study of the civil service system in China and the civil service system in the United States. Find the similarities and differences between the civil service systems of China and the United States, in order to improve the civil service system of China. The first chapter explains the meaning of the civil service system and points out the historical reasons for the emergence of the civil service system. The establishment and development process of the civil service system in China and the United States are summarized, and it is pointed out that the establishment and development of the civil service system in China and the United States is determined by the modernization of the two countries on the one hand. On the other hand, China and the United States have different civil service systems because of their different national conditions. The second chapter discusses the similarities and differences of the guiding principles of the civil service system between China and the United States. The guiding principle of the civil service system is the soul of the establishment and development of the civil service system, so the difference of the guiding principle shows the internal origin of the difference of the civil service system between China and the United States. The same part of the guidelines makes it possible to learn from each other in the civil service of the two countries. The third chapter discusses the similarities and differences in the personnel classification system between China and the United States. At present, the United States implements a relatively perfect civil service position classification system, which is based on the two-way system of official division, and its professional characteristics are very obvious. What China implements is the position classification system which combines grade classification system, which absorbs the advantages of grade classification system and post classification system, but also has its own problems. Chapter IV discusses the relationship between civil servants' obligations and rights in the civil service systems of China and the United States, and there are many similarities in the provisions of civil servants' rights and obligations between China and the United States. The differences are determined by the differences in the political system and the modernization process. The fifth chapter compares the job management system of civil servants between China and the United States, which includes the employment mechanism, the assessment mechanism, the promotion and removal mechanism and the training mechanism of the civil servants. Through the comparison of these aspects, we can investigate the differences in the civil service management system between China and the United States in an all-round way, which can be used for reference to perfect the position management system of civil servants in China. The conclusion puts forward three aspects which can be perfected in China's current civil service system, which are drawn from the comparison of the civil service systems between China and the United States. The first is to try out the mechanism of separating civil servants from civil servants; second, to try the family property declaration system of civil servants; third, to improve the evaluation system of civil servants.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D922.11;D971.2
本文編號：2459276
[Abstract]:Perfecting China's civil service system is the inherent requirement of establishing socialist democratic politics. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to make a comparative study of the civil service system in China and the advanced civil service system abroad, and find out the shortcomings of the civil service system in China. And the current world's existing civil service experience and practices. The United States is currently the most developed country in the world, and its civil service system is one of the most perfect civil service systems in the world. Therefore, this paper makes a comparative study of the civil service system in China and the civil service system in the United States. Find the similarities and differences between the civil service systems of China and the United States, in order to improve the civil service system of China. The first chapter explains the meaning of the civil service system and points out the historical reasons for the emergence of the civil service system. The establishment and development process of the civil service system in China and the United States are summarized, and it is pointed out that the establishment and development of the civil service system in China and the United States is determined by the modernization of the two countries on the one hand. On the other hand, China and the United States have different civil service systems because of their different national conditions. The second chapter discusses the similarities and differences of the guiding principles of the civil service system between China and the United States. The guiding principle of the civil service system is the soul of the establishment and development of the civil service system, so the difference of the guiding principle shows the internal origin of the difference of the civil service system between China and the United States. The same part of the guidelines makes it possible to learn from each other in the civil service of the two countries. The third chapter discusses the similarities and differences in the personnel classification system between China and the United States. At present, the United States implements a relatively perfect civil service position classification system, which is based on the two-way system of official division, and its professional characteristics are very obvious. What China implements is the position classification system which combines grade classification system, which absorbs the advantages of grade classification system and post classification system, but also has its own problems. Chapter IV discusses the relationship between civil servants' obligations and rights in the civil service systems of China and the United States, and there are many similarities in the provisions of civil servants' rights and obligations between China and the United States. The differences are determined by the differences in the political system and the modernization process. The fifth chapter compares the job management system of civil servants between China and the United States, which includes the employment mechanism, the assessment mechanism, the promotion and removal mechanism and the training mechanism of the civil servants. Through the comparison of these aspects, we can investigate the differences in the civil service management system between China and the United States in an all-round way, which can be used for reference to perfect the position management system of civil servants in China. The conclusion puts forward three aspects which can be perfected in China's current civil service system, which are drawn from the comparison of the civil service systems between China and the United States. The first is to try out the mechanism of separating civil servants from civil servants; second, to try the family property declaration system of civil servants; third, to improve the evaluation system of civil servants.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D922.11;D971.2
【引證文獻】
相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前1條
1 馬曉娟;我國公務(wù)員辭職辭退理論與實踐研究[D];新疆大學;2013年
，本文編號：2459276
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