試論中國古代刑訊制度
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-30 17:09
【摘要】：刑訊源自遠(yuǎn)古的神判,始于西周,橫亙二千余年,自唐代時邁向成熟,自明清時走向沒落。刑訊是證據(jù)采集的手段之一,亦是司法程序的重要組成部分�？v觀中國古代立法,《唐律》是刑訊制度的集大成者,后世歷朝關(guān)于刑訊的立法大多以《唐律》作為藍(lán)本。中國古代關(guān)于刑訊的立法雖對刑訊對象、刑訊手段、刑具的使用以及違法刑訊應(yīng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任基本作出了規(guī)定,但由于中國古代刑事訴訟采用“有罪推定”的斷案原則和“口供至上”的證據(jù)規(guī)則,且缺乏有效的人權(quán)保障手段,司法實(shí)踐中所存在的違法拷訊和法外拷訊現(xiàn)象屢禁不絕。再者,中國歷代統(tǒng)治者為保障其統(tǒng)治穩(wěn)固,極度重視刑獄,在這種環(huán)境下,刑訊便不可避免地成為審理案件的必要手段。正因?yàn)槿绱?刑訊制度貫穿了中國整個封建社會,雖在一定程度上保證了刑事訴訟的順利進(jìn)行,卻也在客觀上屢屢造成冤案。如果不是因?yàn)榍迥﹥?nèi)外壓力,合法的刑訊制度恐仍將繼續(xù)下去。
[Abstract]:Torture originated from the ancient divine judgment, began in the Western Zhou Dynasty, lasted more than 2,000 years, from the Tang Dynasty to maturity, from the Ming and Qing dynasties to decline. Torture is one of the means of collecting evidence, and it is also an important part of judicial procedure. Throughout the ancient Chinese legislation, the Tang Law is the epitome of the torture system, and most of the later dynasties' legislation on torture is based on the Tang Law. Although the ancient Chinese legislation on torture laid down the basic provisions on the object of torture, the means of torture, the use of torture tools, and the responsibility to be borne by criminal proceedings against the law, However, due to the adoption of the principle of "presumption of guilt" and the evidence rule of "the supremacy of confessions" in ancient Chinese criminal proceedings, and the lack of effective means of human rights protection, illegal and extrajudicial torture in judicial practice has been repeated. Moreover, in order to ensure the stability of China's rule, Chinese rulers attach great importance to prison, in this environment, torture will inevitably become a necessary means of trial cases. Because of this, the torture system runs through the whole feudal society of China. Although to a certain extent, it guarantees the smooth progress of the criminal procedure, but it also causes many wrongs objectively. Had it not been for internal and external pressure at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the legitimate torture system would have continued.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D929;D924
本文編號：2450304
[Abstract]:Torture originated from the ancient divine judgment, began in the Western Zhou Dynasty, lasted more than 2,000 years, from the Tang Dynasty to maturity, from the Ming and Qing dynasties to decline. Torture is one of the means of collecting evidence, and it is also an important part of judicial procedure. Throughout the ancient Chinese legislation, the Tang Law is the epitome of the torture system, and most of the later dynasties' legislation on torture is based on the Tang Law. Although the ancient Chinese legislation on torture laid down the basic provisions on the object of torture, the means of torture, the use of torture tools, and the responsibility to be borne by criminal proceedings against the law, However, due to the adoption of the principle of "presumption of guilt" and the evidence rule of "the supremacy of confessions" in ancient Chinese criminal proceedings, and the lack of effective means of human rights protection, illegal and extrajudicial torture in judicial practice has been repeated. Moreover, in order to ensure the stability of China's rule, Chinese rulers attach great importance to prison, in this environment, torture will inevitably become a necessary means of trial cases. Because of this, the torture system runs through the whole feudal society of China. Although to a certain extent, it guarantees the smooth progress of the criminal procedure, but it also causes many wrongs objectively. Had it not been for internal and external pressure at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the legitimate torture system would have continued.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D929;D924
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