美國(guó)刑事和解中的保密義務(wù)及其啟示
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-09 19:07
【摘要】：自20世紀(jì)70年代以來(lái),刑事和解計(jì)劃在美國(guó)得以廣泛推廣,1994年美國(guó)律師協(xié)會(huì)(American Bar Association)認(rèn)可刑事和解、1995年全國(guó)被害人援助組織(The National Organization for Victim Assistance)批準(zhǔn)恢復(fù)性社區(qū)司法模式,刑事和解作為一項(xiàng)基本法律制度在美國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)了合法化。作為現(xiàn)代刑事制度轉(zhuǎn)型過(guò)程中的產(chǎn)物,刑事和解在中國(guó)亦被廣泛應(yīng)用于刑事案件領(lǐng)域。雖然我國(guó)現(xiàn)行刑事訴訟法并沒(méi)有明文規(guī)定刑事和解制度,但是刑事和解實(shí)踐在部分省市盛行,對(duì)在法律上規(guī)定和解制度的呼聲也越來(lái)越高。作為刑事和解制度的基本內(nèi)容之一,保密義務(wù)在整個(gè)制度中的意義顯得格外重大。但就現(xiàn)狀而言,我國(guó)刑事理論界與司法實(shí)務(wù)界在推廣刑事和解制度過(guò)程中均缺乏保密義務(wù)意識(shí)。刑事和解制度中規(guī)定保密義務(wù)有利于保障加害人的憲法權(quán)利、提高和解效益、保證調(diào)解員的中立與公正以及促進(jìn)刑事司法“調(diào)審分離”制度化,如果沒(méi)有保密制度,被害人與加害人之間就不能進(jìn)行有意義的對(duì)話與交流,最終必然導(dǎo)致和解制度的流產(chǎn),所以在構(gòu)建我國(guó)刑事和解制度時(shí)必須對(duì)保密義務(wù)這一要素加以重視。在推廣刑事和解過(guò)程中,美國(guó)相關(guān)法律法規(guī)以及判例都對(duì)保密義務(wù)作了較多較完善的規(guī)定,研究美國(guó)刑事和解中的保密義務(wù)對(duì)構(gòu)建及完善我國(guó)刑事和解保密制度有重要借鑒意義。文章以美國(guó)的刑事和解保密制度為藍(lán)本,采用歷史分析、案件分析和比較分析的方法,從刑法學(xué)、犯罪學(xué)、刑事政策學(xué)、刑事訴訟法學(xué)等多學(xué)科相結(jié)合的角度對(duì)美國(guó)刑事和解中的保密義務(wù)進(jìn)行全面的分析,總結(jié)并借鑒其有益經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出對(duì)構(gòu)建我國(guó)刑事和解保密制度的啟示。文章首先對(duì)刑事和解保密義務(wù)進(jìn)行概述,闡述刑事和解的基本理論和保密義務(wù)的概念、范圍以及其正當(dāng)性;然后通過(guò)分析美國(guó)規(guī)定保密義務(wù)的法律法規(guī)以及和解保密判例,進(jìn)一步了解美國(guó)的保密義務(wù)體系;最后歸納總結(jié)美國(guó)刑事和解中的保密義務(wù)對(duì)我國(guó)刑事和解制度構(gòu)建的啟示,提出構(gòu)建我國(guó)刑事和解保密制度的基本設(shè)想,包括保密義務(wù)的主體、享有保密特權(quán)的信息范圍及其例外以及違反保密義務(wù)的法律后果。
[Abstract]:Since the 1970s, criminal reconciliation programs have been widely promoted in the United States. The American Bar Association (American Bar Association) recognized criminal reconciliation in 1994, and the National victim Assistance Organization (The National Organization for Victim Assistance) approved the restorative community justice model in 1995. As a basic legal system, criminal reconciliation has been legalized in the United States. As a result of the transformation of modern criminal system, criminal reconciliation is also widely used in the field of criminal cases in China. Although the current criminal procedure law of our country does not explicitly stipulate the criminal reconciliation system, the practice of criminal reconciliation prevails in some provinces and cities, and the voice of prescribing the reconciliation system in the law is becoming more and more high. As one of the basic contents of the criminal reconciliation system, the duty of confidentiality is of great significance in the whole system. However, as far as the present situation is concerned, both the criminal theorists and the judicial practitioners lack the sense of confidentiality obligation in the process of promoting the criminal reconciliation system. The obligation of confidentiality in the system of criminal reconciliation is conducive to safeguarding the constitutional rights of perpetrators, improving the efficiency of reconciliation, ensuring the neutrality and impartiality of mediators and promoting the institutionalization of the separation of criminal justice from trial, if there is no system of confidentiality, There is no meaningful dialogue and communication between the victim and the perpetrator, which will inevitably lead to the miscarriage of the reconciliation system. Therefore, we must attach importance to the key element of the obligation of confidentiality in the construction of the criminal reconciliation system in our country. In the process of promoting criminal reconciliation, the relevant laws and regulations and precedents of the United States have made more and more perfect provisions on the obligation of confidentiality. The study of the secrecy obligation in American criminal reconciliation is of great significance to the construction and perfection of our criminal reconciliation secrecy system. Based on the American criminal reconciliation and secrecy system, the article adopts the methods of historical analysis, case analysis and comparative analysis, from the aspects of criminal law, criminology, criminal policy. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the obligation of secrecy in criminal reconciliation in the United States from the angle of the combination of criminal procedure law and other disciplines, summarizes and draws lessons from its beneficial experience, and puts forward the enlightenment to the construction of the secrecy system of criminal reconciliation in our country. Firstly, the article summarizes the obligation to keep secret of criminal reconciliation, expounds the basic theory of criminal reconciliation and the concept, scope and legitimacy of the obligation of confidentiality. Then through the analysis of the laws and regulations of the United States to provide confidentiality obligations as well as conciliatory confidentiality cases to further understand the confidentiality obligations of the United States system; Finally, it summarizes the enlightenment of the secrecy obligation in the criminal reconciliation of the United States to the construction of the criminal reconciliation system of our country, and puts forward the basic idea of constructing the secrecy system of the criminal reconciliation in our country, including the subject of the duty of confidentiality. The scope of confidential information and its exceptions, as well as the legal consequences of breach of confidentiality obligations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2;D925.2
本文編號(hào)：2405984
[Abstract]:Since the 1970s, criminal reconciliation programs have been widely promoted in the United States. The American Bar Association (American Bar Association) recognized criminal reconciliation in 1994, and the National victim Assistance Organization (The National Organization for Victim Assistance) approved the restorative community justice model in 1995. As a basic legal system, criminal reconciliation has been legalized in the United States. As a result of the transformation of modern criminal system, criminal reconciliation is also widely used in the field of criminal cases in China. Although the current criminal procedure law of our country does not explicitly stipulate the criminal reconciliation system, the practice of criminal reconciliation prevails in some provinces and cities, and the voice of prescribing the reconciliation system in the law is becoming more and more high. As one of the basic contents of the criminal reconciliation system, the duty of confidentiality is of great significance in the whole system. However, as far as the present situation is concerned, both the criminal theorists and the judicial practitioners lack the sense of confidentiality obligation in the process of promoting the criminal reconciliation system. The obligation of confidentiality in the system of criminal reconciliation is conducive to safeguarding the constitutional rights of perpetrators, improving the efficiency of reconciliation, ensuring the neutrality and impartiality of mediators and promoting the institutionalization of the separation of criminal justice from trial, if there is no system of confidentiality, There is no meaningful dialogue and communication between the victim and the perpetrator, which will inevitably lead to the miscarriage of the reconciliation system. Therefore, we must attach importance to the key element of the obligation of confidentiality in the construction of the criminal reconciliation system in our country. In the process of promoting criminal reconciliation, the relevant laws and regulations and precedents of the United States have made more and more perfect provisions on the obligation of confidentiality. The study of the secrecy obligation in American criminal reconciliation is of great significance to the construction and perfection of our criminal reconciliation secrecy system. Based on the American criminal reconciliation and secrecy system, the article adopts the methods of historical analysis, case analysis and comparative analysis, from the aspects of criminal law, criminology, criminal policy. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the obligation of secrecy in criminal reconciliation in the United States from the angle of the combination of criminal procedure law and other disciplines, summarizes and draws lessons from its beneficial experience, and puts forward the enlightenment to the construction of the secrecy system of criminal reconciliation in our country. Firstly, the article summarizes the obligation to keep secret of criminal reconciliation, expounds the basic theory of criminal reconciliation and the concept, scope and legitimacy of the obligation of confidentiality. Then through the analysis of the laws and regulations of the United States to provide confidentiality obligations as well as conciliatory confidentiality cases to further understand the confidentiality obligations of the United States system; Finally, it summarizes the enlightenment of the secrecy obligation in the criminal reconciliation of the United States to the construction of the criminal reconciliation system of our country, and puts forward the basic idea of constructing the secrecy system of the criminal reconciliation in our country, including the subject of the duty of confidentiality. The scope of confidential information and its exceptions, as well as the legal consequences of breach of confidentiality obligations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2;D925.2
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