【摘要】：自1980年以來(lái),授權(quán)行政立法在我國(guó)得到了迅速的發(fā)展,目前已經(jīng)成為了一種必不可少的立法形式。 本文采用了實(shí)證分析的研究方法,在第一章中,對(duì)授權(quán)行政立法在實(shí)務(wù)中的諸多形態(tài)進(jìn)行了梳理。在我國(guó),作為授權(quán)主體進(jìn)行行政立法授權(quán)的機(jī)關(guān)有：全國(guó)人大及其常委會(huì)、國(guó)務(wù)院、國(guó)務(wù)院部門(mén)、省級(jí)人大及其常委會(huì)、較大的市人大及其常委會(huì)。作為被授權(quán)主體進(jìn)行行政立法的機(jī)關(guān)有：國(guó)務(wù)院、國(guó)務(wù)院部門(mén)、省級(jí)人民政府、省級(jí)人民政府部門(mén)、較大的市人民政府、地市級(jí)以下人民政府以及社會(huì)團(tuán)體等。通過(guò)對(duì)我國(guó)授權(quán)行政立法在實(shí)踐中具體應(yīng)用的總結(jié)和分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)授權(quán)行政立法制度在實(shí)踐中暴露的問(wèn)題較多�？傮w而言,我國(guó)的授權(quán)行政立法制度很不完善。 從主體方面來(lái)看,無(wú)論是授權(quán)主體還是被授權(quán)主體,在《立法法》中都沒(méi)有得以明確的限定。于是,在實(shí)踐中,凡是有某種立法權(quán)的主體,或多或少,都在進(jìn)行立法授權(quán)。被授權(quán)主體遍及中央行政機(jī)關(guān)和各省級(jí)行政機(jī)關(guān),甚至立法權(quán)被下放到地市級(jí)行政機(jī)關(guān)。授權(quán)行政立法呈層層轉(zhuǎn)移的金字塔狀,嚴(yán)重分解了全國(guó)人大及其常委會(huì)的立法權(quán)。 從內(nèi)容方面來(lái)看,授權(quán)內(nèi)容過(guò)于寬泛,導(dǎo)致行政機(jī)關(guān)成為了主要的立法機(jī)關(guān)；沒(méi)有授權(quán)期限的限制,使得行政立法不作為現(xiàn)象大量存在；立法機(jī)關(guān)在授予行政機(jī)關(guān)立法權(quán)時(shí),對(duì)權(quán)力行使的限制較少,使得授權(quán)行政立法如同脫韁的野馬,失去了應(yīng)有控制。 從對(duì)授權(quán)行政立法的監(jiān)督來(lái)看,監(jiān)督形式單一化,排斥司法機(jī)關(guān)完整的司法審查。各級(jí)人大常委會(huì)的立法監(jiān)督缺乏力度,備案審查制度不健全。而行政機(jī)關(guān)內(nèi)部的自我監(jiān)督又因部門(mén)利益沖突而難以發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的監(jiān)督作用。在各種監(jiān)督手段中普遍存在公開(kāi)化、透明化程度不高,公眾參與較少的問(wèn)題。這些因素使得對(duì)授權(quán)行政立法的監(jiān)督難以形成合力。 本文針對(duì)我國(guó)授權(quán)行政立法實(shí)踐中存在的問(wèn)題,提出了一些建議,以期完善授權(quán)行政立法制度,加強(qiáng)立法監(jiān)督。 第一,完善《立法法》中對(duì)授權(quán)行政立法的制度規(guī)劃。目前我國(guó)實(shí)踐中的授權(quán)行政立法都缺乏嚴(yán)格的制度和程序機(jī)制,對(duì)授權(quán)的內(nèi)容、目的及范圍沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的確定與限制。行政立法授權(quán)機(jī)制是判定行政立法責(zé)任的基礎(chǔ),因此建立完備的授權(quán)行政立法規(guī)則是規(guī)制授權(quán)行政立法的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。 第二,加強(qiáng)對(duì)授權(quán)行政立法的有效監(jiān)督。充分發(fā)揮各級(jí)人大常委會(huì)的立法監(jiān)督職能,完善備案和撤銷(xiāo)兩種監(jiān)督機(jī)制。公開(kāi)對(duì)規(guī)范性文件的審查結(jié)果,在監(jiān)督過(guò)程中引入公眾的立法動(dòng)議制度。同時(shí)利用行政機(jī)關(guān)的層級(jí)關(guān)系,加強(qiáng)行政機(jī)關(guān)內(nèi)部的自我監(jiān)督。逐步引入司法審查制度,采取多種渠道的監(jiān)督形式。 第三,堅(jiān)持形式法治優(yōu)于實(shí)質(zhì)法治的思維方式。根據(jù)我國(guó)授權(quán)行政立法的現(xiàn)狀,現(xiàn)階段,我國(guó)法治建設(shè)最為緊迫的任務(wù)是確立起形式法治所強(qiáng)調(diào)的一套形式性、程序性制度安排,為各種社會(huì)問(wèn)題納入法治的軌道思考和處理創(chuàng)造制度條件,為法律所追求的那些實(shí)體價(jià)值目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供制度保障。 本文的立足點(diǎn)是我國(guó)的授權(quán)行政立法的實(shí)踐,對(duì)授權(quán)行政立法制度中存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了分析,并提出了相應(yīng)的解決措施,以期對(duì)完善授權(quán)行政立法貢獻(xiàn)自己綿薄之力。
[Abstract]:Since 1980, the authorized administrative legislation has been developed rapidly in our country, and has become an essential legislative form. This paper adopts the research method of the empirical analysis, in the first chapter, the authorise the administrative legislation in practice in many forms. In our country, the organs of the State Council, the Standing Committee of the State Council, the State Council, the Provincial People's Congress and its Standing Committee, the larger local people's congresses and their ordinary people The organs of the State Council, the State Council, the people's governments at the provincial level, the departments of the people's governments at the provincial level, the people's governments at the municipal level, the people's governments at the local level and the social groups On the basis of the summary and analysis of the practical application of the authorized administrative legislation in China, it is found that the system of authorized administrative legislation is exposed in practice More. In general, the system of authorized administrative legislation in our country is very different Perfect. From the main point of view, neither the authorized subject nor the authorized subject is allowed in the A clear definition. Thus, in practice, there is a body of some kind of legislative power, more or less, in advance Legislative authority of the line. The authorized subject is distributed throughout the central administrative organ and various provincial administrative organs, and even the legislative power is put to the ground. The administrative organ of the stage. authorized the administrative legislation to be in the form of a layer of transfer, which seriously disintegrates the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee. The legislative power of the legislature. In terms of the content, the authorization content is too broad, which causes the administrative organ to become the main legislative organ, without the limitation of the authorization period, so that the administrative legislation does not exist in a large amount; when the legislative power is granted to the administrative organ, the legislative organ shall have the right to the right The restrictions on the exercise of force are small, so that the authorized administrative legislation is like the mustang of the debauchery. Loss of due control. From the supervision of the authorized administrative legislation, the form of supervision is normalized and excluded. A complete judicial review of the judiciary. The legislative oversight of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress at all levels has a lack of force The system of the filing and examination is not sound, and the self-supervision within the administrative organ is due to the conflict of interest of the department. It is difficult to play the necessary supervisory role. There is a widespread openness in various monitoring instruments, and the degree of transparency is not High, public participation less. These factors make the administration of authority The supervision of the legislation is hard to form a resultant force. In the light of the problems existing in the practice of China's authorized administrative legislation, some suggestions are put forward, with a view to improving the delegation. The system of the administrative legislation of the right to strengthen the supervision of the legislation. In the current practice, the authorized administrative legislation lacks the strict system and procedure mechanism, There is no corresponding determination and limitation of volume, purpose and scope. The mechanism of administrative legislative authority is the basis of determining the responsibility of administrative legislation, so it is necessary to establish a complete authorized administration. Regulation is an urgent task to regulate and authorize the administrative legislation. Second, we should strengthen the effective supervision of the authorized administrative legislation and give full play to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress at all levels. The functions of the legislative supervision, the improvement of the filing and the withdrawal of the two monitoring mechanisms, and the examination of the normative documents As a result, the public's legislative motion system is introduced into the process of supervision. To strengthen the self-supervision within the administrative organ, and step by step. The introduction of the judicial review system takes the form of a variety of channels. Third, the rule of law in the form of the rule of law is superior to the way of thinking of the essence of the rule of law. According to the present situation of our country's authorized administrative legislation, the most urgent task in the construction of the rule of law in our country is to establish a set of formal and procedural system arrangements as emphasized by the rule of law in the form of the rule of law. The social problems are integrated into the track thinking of the rule of law and the conditions of the processing of the creation system. The article is based on the practice of the authorized administrative legislation of our country, analyses the problems existing in the system of authorized administrative legislation, and puts forward the phase.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.1;D920.0

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