【摘要】：清代衍圣公具有一定司法權(quán),主要體現(xiàn)為傳統(tǒng)族權(quán)與政權(quán)的結(jié)合,一方面,作為孔氏宗族的大宗主,衍圣公擁有管轄族人以及宗族事務(wù)的權(quán)力;另一方面,憑借孔子嫡系子孫的地位,衍圣公的權(quán)力亦受到歷代政權(quán)與法律的支持和維護(hù)。從管轄對象上看,衍圣公的司法管轄權(quán)包括孔氏族人和公府所轄屬員、人戶、田土等,其分布不以某一行政區(qū)域?yàn)橄?且不受地方州縣官的控制,遂形成獨(dú)立于地方州縣的司法管轄范圍。衍圣公府是歷代孔氏后裔聚居之地,亦是衍圣公司法權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的主要依托機(jī)構(gòu)。衍圣公府以族長衙門、管勾衙門、百戶衙門等公府組織機(jī)構(gòu)為載體,負(fù)責(zé)對孔氏族人、佃戶以及田土的嚴(yán)密控制和管理。在司法審判程序上,衍圣公府大體遵循清代地方官府一般的司法運(yùn)作程序,包括有起訴和受理,傳喚、拘提和緝捕,調(diào)處,堂審判罰等步驟。衍圣公府雖非正式司法機(jī)構(gòu),但大體遵循清代地方官府一般的司法運(yùn)作程序,有時還要借助地方官府維護(hù)自身利益。在司法實(shí)踐中,衍圣公憑借其圣人嫡裔的身份和政治上的崇高地位對曲阜縣、山東省內(nèi)從省到縣各級及外省地方司法均有干預(yù),但方式和效果各異。曲阜知縣長期由孔氏族人充當(dāng)?shù)奶厥庑?使衍圣公在曲阜建立起獨(dú)立于縣級司法以外的司法體系,對曲阜地方的司法審判有深刻影響。在山東省內(nèi)其他州縣司法事務(wù)的處理中,衍圣公或通過直接行文州縣官,或通過對其上級司法機(jī)構(gòu)的行文,實(shí)現(xiàn)對地方司法的干預(yù),效果比較明顯,有時也受到限制。對省外地方司法的干預(yù)主要圍繞各處廟產(chǎn)的爭奪和人戶身份的認(rèn)定為中心,但效果極為有限。
[Abstract]:In the Qing Dynasty, the emperor had certain judicial power, mainly reflected in the combination of traditional clan power and political power. On the one hand, as the great patriarch of the Confucius clan, Yan Shenggong had the power to govern the people and the clan affairs. On the other hand, by virtue of the status of Confucius' direct descendants, the power of Yan Sheng Gong was supported and maintained by successive regimes and laws. From the point of view of the object of jurisdiction, the jurisdiction of Yan Shenggong includes the members of the kung clan and the members of the prefectures, households, fields, etc. Their distribution is not limited to a certain administrative region, and is not controlled by the local state and county officials. Thus the formation of jurisdiction independent of the local state and county jurisdiction. Yanshenggongfu is the settlement of the descendants of Confucius in past dynasties, and it is also the main support institution for the realization of the judicial power of Yan Shenggong. Yanshenggong Prefecture is responsible for the strict control and management of the kung clan people, tenants and land by the administrative organs of the patriarchs, the mandarins, the mandarins and the hundred Yamen. In the judicial procedure, Yanshenggongfu generally followed the general judicial operation procedure of the local government in the Qing Dynasty, including the steps of prosecution and acceptance, summons, arrest and arrest, mediation and punishment, and so on. Although Yanshenggongfu is an informal judicial institution, it generally follows the general judicial operation procedure of the local government in the Qing Dynasty, and sometimes it has to resort to the local government to safeguard its own interests. In judicial practice, Yan Shenggong intervened in Qufu County, Shandong Province, from provincial to county levels and other provinces by virtue of his sage's identity and political lofty status, but in different ways and effects. For a long time, Qufu County was served by the people of Kong clan, which made Yan Shenggong establish a judicial system independent of county-level judicial system in Qufu, which had a profound influence on the local judicial trial in Qufu. In the handling of judicial affairs of other states and counties in Shandong Province, the effect of Yan Shenggong's intervention to the local judicial affairs is obvious, and sometimes restricted, either through the direct writing of the state and county officials, or through the writing of their superior judicial organs. The intervention of the local judicature outside the province revolves around the contention of temple property and the identification of the household identity, but the effect is very limited.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D929

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本文編號：2363929