中國(guó)古代推類思想及其司法應(yīng)用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-12 12:04
【摘要】：推類是中國(guó)古代的主導(dǎo)推理類型，最早萌芽于《周易》，歷經(jīng)春秋，后由墨家將其發(fā)展為具有鮮明特色的中國(guó)古代邏輯推理類型�；菔┑摹胺蛘f(shuō)者，固以其所知喻其所不知而使人知之”是對(duì)推類最準(zhǔn)確的定性概括。古人運(yùn)用推類進(jìn)行由此及彼、由已知到未知的推理，和現(xiàn)代類比是一脈相承的。也正因?yàn)檫@樣的特征，，推類在歷史上得到了深入的研究和廣泛的應(yīng)用。 在古代，人們特別熱衷論辯，而推類作為一種特殊的思維方式，能以最淺顯的道理論證復(fù)雜的難題，所以往往成為求知、論辯的工具。雖然古人在很多方面十分重視推類所發(fā)揮的指導(dǎo)性作用，但卻甚少關(guān)注推類在司法過(guò)程中的運(yùn)用。推類運(yùn)用于司法，能有效提高法律適用的靈活性，加快司法辦案效率，并在一定程度上保證司法公正的實(shí)現(xiàn)。 本文的研究主要從兩個(gè)方面入手——對(duì)古代推類思想的細(xì)致闡釋和對(duì)推類思想運(yùn)用于司法實(shí)踐的具體探究，其中最主要、也最有意義的部分是研究推類思想作用于司法實(shí)踐的具體方式。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，文章內(nèi)容分為四個(gè)部分： 第一部分是對(duì)古代推類思想的綜合闡述，從對(duì)推類思想產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)歷史根源的探尋，到系統(tǒng)論述各個(gè)時(shí)期、各家思想中推類思想的逐步產(chǎn)生、完善，最后通過(guò)與亞氏三段論的比較總結(jié)出推類是中國(guó)古代特色鮮明的主導(dǎo)推理類型。 第二部分是對(duì)古代推類思想的具體闡釋，包括推類應(yīng)遵守的“同類相推，異類不比”的規(guī)則、“譬、侔、援、推”四種主要的推類方法，以及嘗試根據(jù)“類可推而不可必推”的結(jié)果對(duì)推類的性質(zhì)進(jìn)行定位。 第三部分開(kāi)始嘗試將推類與司法實(shí)踐相聯(lián)系，通過(guò)對(duì)古代司法裁判過(guò)程的關(guān)注，探求其中的推類指導(dǎo)思想。古代司法中推類適用的前提是“斷罪無(wú)正條”，適用的方式是比附援引，比附援引又分為在定罪時(shí)“舉輕以明重，舉重以明輕”的比附，以及在量刑時(shí)對(duì)概括性禁律、成案等的援引。 第四部分是文章的創(chuàng)新部分，主要思考古代推類思想對(duì)現(xiàn)代司法的啟示。古代推類與現(xiàn)代類比雖然一脈相承，但又不完全同于現(xiàn)代類比。推類所具有的一些不同于類比的特性，也可能對(duì)現(xiàn)代司法過(guò)程的完善有所裨益。偵查中運(yùn)用推類的兩條基本原則，偵查實(shí)驗(yàn)強(qiáng)調(diào)同類相推，并案?jìng)刹樽⒅禺愵惒槐龋环ㄍフ撧q中借鑒推類思維中的人文性因素，使推理論證更關(guān)注人的情感訴求；最后，通過(guò)對(duì)推類和罪刑法定價(jià)值的比較分析，結(jié)合判例法和案例指導(dǎo)制度發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀，探究怎樣解決二者的沖突。
[Abstract]:Push is the dominant type of reasoning in ancient China. It originated in the Book of changes. After the Spring and Autumn period, it was developed by Mohism into a kind of logic reasoning with distinctive characteristics in ancient China. Huishi's the most accurate qualitative summary of the push-type is to explain what he knows and make people know what he knows. The ancients used the inference from the known to the unknown, and the modern analogy is the same as that of the modern analogies. Because of this characteristic, push class has been deeply studied and widely used in history. In ancient times, people were especially keen to argue, and push, as a special way of thinking, can demonstrate complex problems with the simplest reason, so it is often a tool for seeking knowledge and debating. Although the ancients attached great importance to the guiding role of pushing in many aspects, little attention was paid to the application of push in the judicial process. It can effectively improve the flexibility of the application of law, speed up the efficiency of judicial case handling, and to a certain extent guarantee the realization of judicial justice. The research of this paper mainly starts from two aspects: the detailed explanation of ancient push thought and the concrete exploration of its application in judicial practice, among which the most important is, The most significant part is to study the specific ways of pushing thought in judicial practice. Specifically, the content of the article is divided into four parts: the first part is the comprehensive elaboration of the ancient push thought, from the exploration of the social and historical origin of the push thought, to the systematic discussion of each period, The thought of pushing is gradually produced and perfected. Finally, through the comparison with Aristotle's syllogism, it is concluded that push is the dominant type of reasoning with distinct characteristics in ancient China. The second part is the concrete explanation of the ancient thought of pushing, including the rule of "the same kind pushing, the other kind is not comparable", the four main kinds of pushing methods: "analogy, Mou, aid and push". And try to locate the nature of the class according to the result that the class can be pushed but cannot be pushed. In the third part, the author tries to find out the guiding ideology of pushing through the attention of ancient judicial adjudication process. The premise of pushing category application in ancient judicature is that "there is no right article", and the applicable way is to compare and invoke, which is divided into "lifting light with light weight, lifting weight with light" when conviction, and general prohibition law in sentencing. An invocation of a case, etc. The fourth part is the innovation part of the article, mainly thinking about the enlightenment of ancient pushing thought to modern judicature. Although the ancient analogy and the modern analogy are in the same vein, they are not exactly the same as the modern analogies. Some different characteristics of the analogy may also benefit the improvement of the modern judicial process. In the investigation, the two basic principles of pushing are used, the investigation experiment emphasizes that the same kind is pushed, and the case investigation pays attention to the difference between the others. In court argument, the humanism factor in the pushing thinking is used for reference to make the reasoning and argumentation pay more attention to the people's emotional appeal. Based on the comparative analysis of the value of deduction and legality, and the current situation of case law and case guidance system, this paper explores how to resolve the conflict between them.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D90-051
本文編號(hào)：2266040
[Abstract]:Push is the dominant type of reasoning in ancient China. It originated in the Book of changes. After the Spring and Autumn period, it was developed by Mohism into a kind of logic reasoning with distinctive characteristics in ancient China. Huishi's the most accurate qualitative summary of the push-type is to explain what he knows and make people know what he knows. The ancients used the inference from the known to the unknown, and the modern analogy is the same as that of the modern analogies. Because of this characteristic, push class has been deeply studied and widely used in history. In ancient times, people were especially keen to argue, and push, as a special way of thinking, can demonstrate complex problems with the simplest reason, so it is often a tool for seeking knowledge and debating. Although the ancients attached great importance to the guiding role of pushing in many aspects, little attention was paid to the application of push in the judicial process. It can effectively improve the flexibility of the application of law, speed up the efficiency of judicial case handling, and to a certain extent guarantee the realization of judicial justice. The research of this paper mainly starts from two aspects: the detailed explanation of ancient push thought and the concrete exploration of its application in judicial practice, among which the most important is, The most significant part is to study the specific ways of pushing thought in judicial practice. Specifically, the content of the article is divided into four parts: the first part is the comprehensive elaboration of the ancient push thought, from the exploration of the social and historical origin of the push thought, to the systematic discussion of each period, The thought of pushing is gradually produced and perfected. Finally, through the comparison with Aristotle's syllogism, it is concluded that push is the dominant type of reasoning with distinct characteristics in ancient China. The second part is the concrete explanation of the ancient thought of pushing, including the rule of "the same kind pushing, the other kind is not comparable", the four main kinds of pushing methods: "analogy, Mou, aid and push". And try to locate the nature of the class according to the result that the class can be pushed but cannot be pushed. In the third part, the author tries to find out the guiding ideology of pushing through the attention of ancient judicial adjudication process. The premise of pushing category application in ancient judicature is that "there is no right article", and the applicable way is to compare and invoke, which is divided into "lifting light with light weight, lifting weight with light" when conviction, and general prohibition law in sentencing. An invocation of a case, etc. The fourth part is the innovation part of the article, mainly thinking about the enlightenment of ancient pushing thought to modern judicature. Although the ancient analogy and the modern analogy are in the same vein, they are not exactly the same as the modern analogies. Some different characteristics of the analogy may also benefit the improvement of the modern judicial process. In the investigation, the two basic principles of pushing are used, the investigation experiment emphasizes that the same kind is pushed, and the case investigation pays attention to the difference between the others. In court argument, the humanism factor in the pushing thinking is used for reference to make the reasoning and argumentation pay more attention to the people's emotional appeal. Based on the comparative analysis of the value of deduction and legality, and the current situation of case law and case guidance system, this paper explores how to resolve the conflict between them.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D90-051
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