加拿大多元文化法研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-18 18:09
【摘要】：本文從對加拿大多元文化法的社會現(xiàn)實基礎(chǔ)考察出發(fā),通過對加拿大的民族構(gòu)成及民族關(guān)系的分析,闡明了多元文化主義在加拿大產(chǎn)生的社會條件和歷史背景。多元文化主義理論作為一種以族裔權(quán)利為核心的政治理論和思潮,對加拿大的民族社會政策具有重大的指導作用,而這些社會和政策因素必然會引起法律的關(guān)注,尤其是在1982年憲法施行和1988年多元文化主義法案制定之后,多元文化主義在加拿大有了制度上的保證,隨著聯(lián)邦和地方對此主題立法的增多,法院在司法實踐中關(guān)于此主題的判決也逐漸增多,逐步形成了一種多元文化法體系,這也正是本文所要探究的中心問題。多元文化法體系為少數(shù)族裔群體的各種權(quán)利訴求構(gòu)建了一個制度性的框架,各種訴求在此框架中得到滿足和規(guī)制。多元文化法制化的過程也是一個法律與社會現(xiàn)實互動的過程,族裔權(quán)利訴求機制也就是在這一過程中得以形成。 首先是本文論題的提出,多元文化主義是一種以族裔權(quán)利為核心的政治理論和思潮,目的是為解決多民族國家中的民族共存與團結(jié)問題。在加拿大,多元文化主義的法制化在整個社會中形成一種多元文化的權(quán)利觀念,使多元文化主義成為法律上的權(quán)利用語,形成了一種少數(shù)族裔權(quán)利的訴求機制。 本文認為加拿大復雜的民族構(gòu)成是多元文化主義在加拿大得以成行的根本的社會現(xiàn)實基礎(chǔ)。作為建國民族的英法兩裔、土著民族和移民群體這三大族裔群體內(nèi)部及相互之間的矛盾沖突、共存需求造就了加拿大政治和社會生活的主題,族裔的多樣性決定了文化的多樣性,這些都是多元文化主義在加拿大產(chǎn)生的客觀條件和背景。 多元文化主義作為西方自由主義的一種實驗性的理論主張,是一種體系化的關(guān)于民族文化以及族裔群體之間關(guān)系的理論,其包括兩個核心問題——文化與權(quán)利的互動關(guān)系、群體權(quán)利與個人自由之間的關(guān)系。不同的學者從社會文化現(xiàn)象、政治意識形態(tài)和族群權(quán)利的不同視角對多元文化主義進行解讀,形成了不同理論流派。本文視閾內(nèi)所關(guān)注的正是以族群權(quán)利為核心的多元文化主義。 多元文化主義在加拿大作為官方政策,其主要內(nèi)容是“消除歧視和群體生存”,這也是加國現(xiàn)行憲法關(guān)于多元文化主義的兩條原則。它是一種即帶有預防性和保護性又具有積極性和實驗性的措施,在消除歧視的同時積極確保文化的保持,這兩種方式帶來的雙重“包容需求”——個人權(quán)利的平等和群體自治始終貫穿于多元文化主義在加拿大從政策到法律的過程之中。 本文認為正是這些多元文化的社會和政策因素投射到加拿大的憲政制度之上,才促成了多元文化主義的法制化,形成了多元文化法體系。加拿大多元文化法是以憲法為基礎(chǔ),以多元文化主義法案為指導、包括聯(lián)邦和地方有關(guān)多元文化的制定法以及法院判決所確立的普通法原則在內(nèi)的一個框架體系,多元文化的因素深深滲透在憲法的演進過程之中,也不斷的投射到其它法律之上,對加拿大整個法律制度產(chǎn)生了深刻的影響。少數(shù)族裔的權(quán)利訴求在多元文化法這一制度性框架中理性得提出并得到合理滿足和規(guī)制。通過對憲法和多元文化法案以及對土著民族和魁北克的立法進行歸類梳理,在此基礎(chǔ)之上重點對憲法和多元文化法案的法律條文進行解讀,這種解讀正是以少數(shù)族裔權(quán)利為主線,從中探索一種制度性的建構(gòu)。 法院針對少數(shù)族裔群體和個人的多元文化權(quán)利所確立的判例作為普通法的一部分也構(gòu)成加拿大多元文化法的重要內(nèi)容。多元文化主義所關(guān)注的核心問題就是差異與統(tǒng)一,面對加拿大族裔、文化多樣性的社會現(xiàn)實,如何運用法律來平衡和協(xié)調(diào)差異與統(tǒng)一的問題給司法實踐帶來了巨大挑戰(zhàn)。本文通過對土著民族的土地權(quán)利和文化權(quán)利、法裔加拿大人的教育文化權(quán)利以及移民群體的宗教權(quán)利等相關(guān)案例的解讀,分析多元文化法作為一種應(yīng)對少數(shù)族裔權(quán)利訴求的制度,在實踐中如何運作,面臨何種問題和挑戰(zhàn)以及自身所需完善之處。 在本文結(jié)語中進一步明確了本文的論點,即多元文化主義作為一種權(quán)利訴求機制,在加拿大多元文化法所構(gòu)建的制度性框架下得到保障和完善。
[Abstract]:Based on the investigation of the social reality of Canadian multicultural law and the analysis of Canadian ethnic composition and ethnic relations, this paper expounds the social conditions and historical background of the emergence of multiculturalism in Canada. Greater national social policies have a significant guiding role, and these social and policy factors are bound to attract legal attention, especially after the implementation of the 1982 Constitution and the enactment of the Multiculturalism Act of 1988, which guaranteed the system of multiculturalism in Canada. With the increase of federal and local legislation on this subject, In judicial practice, the court's judgments on this subject have gradually increased and a multicultural legal system has gradually formed, which is the central issue to be explored in this paper. The process of legalization of meta-culture is also a process of interaction between law and social reality, in which ethnic rights appeal mechanism is formed.
First of all, the thesis points out that multiculturalism is a political theory and trend of thought with ethnic rights as its core, aiming at solving the problem of ethnic coexistence and unity in a multi-ethnic country. As a legal right, a claim mechanism for minority rights has been formed.
This paper holds that the complex ethnic composition of Canada is the fundamental social basis for multiculturalism in Canada. Ethnic diversity determines cultural diversity, which is the objective condition and background of multiculturalism in Canada.
Multiculturalism, as an experimental theory of Western liberalism, is a systematic theory of national culture and the relationship between ethnic groups. It includes two core issues: the interaction between culture and rights, and the relationship between group rights and individual freedom. Different theoretical schools have been formed by interpreting multiculturalism from different perspectives of political ideology and ethnic rights.
Multiculturalism, as an official policy in Canada, is mainly concerned with the elimination of discrimination and group survival, which are also two principles of multiculturalism in the current Canadian Constitution. It is a preventive, protective and experimental measure that actively ensures cultural preservation while eliminating discrimination. The dual "inclusive needs" of these two approaches, the equality of individual rights and group autonomy, have always permeated Canada's multiculturalism from policy to law.
It is the projection of these multicultural social and policy factors onto the Canadian constitutional system that contributes to the legalization of multiculturalism and the formation of a multicultural legal system. A framework system of statutes and common law principles established by court decisions. Multicultural factors permeate deeply in the evolution of the Constitution and are constantly projected onto other laws, which have a profound impact on the Canadian legal system as a whole. By sorting out the Constitution and Multicultural Acts and the legislation of indigenous peoples and Quebec, this paper focuses on the interpretation of the legal provisions of the Constitution and Multicultural Acts. This interpretation is based on the rights of ethnic minorities and explores them. A systematic construction.
Jurisprudence established by the courts for the multicultural rights of ethnic minorities and individuals as part of the common law also constitutes an important part of the Canadian multicultural law. The core issue of multiculturalism is diversity and unity. In the face of the social reality of ethnic and cultural diversity in Canada, how to balance the use of law The issue of harmony, difference and unity poses a great challenge to judicial practice. This paper analyzes the multicultural law as a system of responding to the demands of minority rights by interpreting the relevant cases of Aboriginal Land and cultural rights, educational and cultural rights of French Canadians and religious rights of immigrants. How to operate in practice, what problems and challenges it faces, and what needs to be perfected.
In the conclusion, the thesis further clarifies the argument that multiculturalism, as a right-Seeking mechanism, is guaranteed and perfected under the institutional framework established by the Canadian Multicultural Law.
【學位授予單位】：中央民族大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D971.1
[Abstract]:Based on the investigation of the social reality of Canadian multicultural law and the analysis of Canadian ethnic composition and ethnic relations, this paper expounds the social conditions and historical background of the emergence of multiculturalism in Canada. Greater national social policies have a significant guiding role, and these social and policy factors are bound to attract legal attention, especially after the implementation of the 1982 Constitution and the enactment of the Multiculturalism Act of 1988, which guaranteed the system of multiculturalism in Canada. With the increase of federal and local legislation on this subject, In judicial practice, the court's judgments on this subject have gradually increased and a multicultural legal system has gradually formed, which is the central issue to be explored in this paper. The process of legalization of meta-culture is also a process of interaction between law and social reality, in which ethnic rights appeal mechanism is formed.
First of all, the thesis points out that multiculturalism is a political theory and trend of thought with ethnic rights as its core, aiming at solving the problem of ethnic coexistence and unity in a multi-ethnic country. As a legal right, a claim mechanism for minority rights has been formed.
This paper holds that the complex ethnic composition of Canada is the fundamental social basis for multiculturalism in Canada. Ethnic diversity determines cultural diversity, which is the objective condition and background of multiculturalism in Canada.
Multiculturalism, as an experimental theory of Western liberalism, is a systematic theory of national culture and the relationship between ethnic groups. It includes two core issues: the interaction between culture and rights, and the relationship between group rights and individual freedom. Different theoretical schools have been formed by interpreting multiculturalism from different perspectives of political ideology and ethnic rights.
Multiculturalism, as an official policy in Canada, is mainly concerned with the elimination of discrimination and group survival, which are also two principles of multiculturalism in the current Canadian Constitution. It is a preventive, protective and experimental measure that actively ensures cultural preservation while eliminating discrimination. The dual "inclusive needs" of these two approaches, the equality of individual rights and group autonomy, have always permeated Canada's multiculturalism from policy to law.
It is the projection of these multicultural social and policy factors onto the Canadian constitutional system that contributes to the legalization of multiculturalism and the formation of a multicultural legal system. A framework system of statutes and common law principles established by court decisions. Multicultural factors permeate deeply in the evolution of the Constitution and are constantly projected onto other laws, which have a profound impact on the Canadian legal system as a whole. By sorting out the Constitution and Multicultural Acts and the legislation of indigenous peoples and Quebec, this paper focuses on the interpretation of the legal provisions of the Constitution and Multicultural Acts. This interpretation is based on the rights of ethnic minorities and explores them. A systematic construction.
Jurisprudence established by the courts for the multicultural rights of ethnic minorities and individuals as part of the common law also constitutes an important part of the Canadian multicultural law. The core issue of multiculturalism is diversity and unity. In the face of the social reality of ethnic and cultural diversity in Canada, how to balance the use of law The issue of harmony, difference and unity poses a great challenge to judicial practice. This paper analyzes the multicultural law as a system of responding to the demands of minority rights by interpreting the relevant cases of Aboriginal Land and cultural rights, educational and cultural rights of French Canadians and religious rights of immigrants. How to operate in practice, what problems and challenges it faces, and what needs to be perfected.
In the conclusion, the thesis further clarifies the argument that multiculturalism, as a right-Seeking mechanism, is guaranteed and perfected under the institutional framework established by the Canadian Multicultural Law.
【學位授予單位】：中央民族大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D971.1
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