少數(shù)民族文化權(quán)利的司法保護(hù)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-13 19:03
【摘要】：少數(shù)民族文化是我國(guó)文化的重要組成部分，然而隨著世界文化的發(fā)展融合，外來文化的沖擊，全球化趨勢(shì)的增強(qiáng)等等一系列的因素都對(duì)我國(guó)文化造成不小的影響，在這個(gè)過程中少數(shù)民族文化一方面面臨著中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展等對(duì)民族文化的影響。另一方面也面臨著全球化背景下國(guó)際交流的頻繁，國(guó)外文化對(duì)少數(shù)民族文化的影響和沖擊。在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展，少數(shù)民族文化的商業(yè)價(jià)值被越來越多的人認(rèn)識(shí)到，，而在少數(shù)民族傳統(tǒng)文化和知識(shí)的商業(yè)開發(fā)利用過程中，少數(shù)民族的權(quán)利容易受到侵犯，一旦少數(shù)民族的文化權(quán)利受到侵犯就會(huì)涉及到救濟(jì)問題。一般來說少數(shù)民族成員學(xué)習(xí)、利用本民族文化不具有侵權(quán)問題，這是他們對(duì)自己文化的傳承和發(fā)展，而在對(duì)少數(shù)民族文化進(jìn)行商業(yè)開發(fā)利用時(shí)就涉及到利益分享等侵權(quán)問題。少數(shù)民族文化豐富多彩，其傳統(tǒng)文化和知識(shí)在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下具有很高的價(jià)值，面對(duì)本民族傳統(tǒng)文化和知識(shí)在商業(yè)化開發(fā)利用中能產(chǎn)生巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，少數(shù)民族當(dāng)然享有利益分享的權(quán)利，可是實(shí)際中少數(shù)民族獲取報(bào)酬，分享利益的權(quán)利得不到保障，本文討論的少數(shù)民族文化權(quán)利的司法保護(hù)就是指在商業(yè)利用的情形下對(duì)少數(shù)民族文化權(quán)利給予的司法護(hù)。 本文主要分四個(gè)部分對(duì)少數(shù)民族文化權(quán)利的司法保護(hù)進(jìn)行研究，在分析了少數(shù)民族文化權(quán)利的涵義、性質(zhì)、權(quán)利的三要素以及保護(hù)少數(shù)民族文化權(quán)利的社會(huì)意義后，對(duì)我國(guó)保護(hù)少數(shù)民族文化權(quán)利的實(shí)踐進(jìn)行了梳理。接著選取了兩個(gè)典型案例進(jìn)行分析，找出司法實(shí)踐中有爭(zhēng)議的問題，最后在分析爭(zhēng)議點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上提出要引入公益訴訟制度來完善少數(shù)民族文化權(quán)利的司法保護(hù)并從具體程序上進(jìn)行了說明。 第一部分是少數(shù)民族文化權(quán)利的理論分析。該部分分析了少數(shù)民族文化權(quán)利的涵義、性質(zhì)、基本要素以及保護(hù)少數(shù)民族文化權(quán)利的社會(huì)意義。認(rèn)為少數(shù)民族文化權(quán)利既包括少數(shù)民族成員中的個(gè)人享受文化成果利益，參與文化活動(dòng)的權(quán)利，也包括整個(gè)少數(shù)民族保持自有的生活方式的權(quán)利。該權(quán)利既是個(gè)人權(quán)利也是群體權(quán)利；既是道德權(quán)利也是法定權(quán)利；既是積極權(quán)利也是消極權(quán)利。少數(shù)民族文化權(quán)利的主體應(yīng)為多重主體；客體為少數(shù)民族傳統(tǒng)文化和知識(shí)，具體又可細(xì)分為五類；少數(shù)民族文化權(quán)利內(nèi)容包括文化尊嚴(yán)權(quán)、使用本民族語言文字權(quán)、奉行和發(fā)展本民族風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣的自由，宗教信仰自由，保護(hù)和發(fā)展傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)權(quán)，從本民族傳統(tǒng)文化和知識(shí)的商業(yè)利用中獲益權(quán)。少數(shù)民族文化對(duì)于民族和國(guó)家而言有凝聚作用，具有象征和形象以及精神家園的社會(huì)意義。 第二部分梳理我國(guó)對(duì)少數(shù)民族文化權(quán)利保護(hù)的實(shí)踐。文章分別從立法、行政、司法的角度對(duì)我國(guó)實(shí)踐進(jìn)行了梳理，從中可見我國(guó)對(duì)少數(shù)民族文化權(quán)利的司法保護(hù)明顯落后于立法、行政。 第三部分對(duì)兩個(gè)典型案例進(jìn)行了介紹，就案件的權(quán)利主體、案件是否存在侵權(quán)等問題進(jìn)行了分析。 第四部分對(duì)我國(guó)少數(shù)民族文化權(quán)利司法保護(hù)的完善提出意見，認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)將少數(shù)民族文化權(quán)利保護(hù)的訴訟認(rèn)定為公益性訴訟，文章分別從訴權(quán)，訴訟性質(zhì)，具體的訴訟程序方面進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的說明。
[Abstract]:Ethnic minority culture is an important part of Chinese culture. However, with the development and integration of world culture, the impact of foreign culture, the trend of globalization and so on, a series of factors have exerted a great influence on Chinese culture. In this process, ethnic minority culture, on the one hand, is facing the process of China's modernization and the development of market economy. On the other hand, it is also faced with the frequent international exchanges under the background of globalization, the impact and impact of foreign cultures on minority cultures. In the course of commercial development and utilization, the rights of minority nationalities are easily infringed. Once the cultural rights of minority nationalities are infringed, the relief will be involved. Minority cultures are rich and colorful, and their traditional culture and knowledge are of great value in the market economy. In the face of the enormous economic benefits of their traditional culture and knowledge in the commercial development and utilization, minority nationalities certainly enjoy the benefits of sharing. The judicial protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities discussed in this paper refers to the judicial protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities in the case of commercial use.
This article mainly divides into four parts to study the judicial protection of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities. After analyzing the meaning, nature, three elements of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities and the social significance of protecting the cultural rights of ethnic minorities, this paper sorts out the practice of protecting the cultural rights of ethnic minorities in China. Then two typical examples are selected. The case is analyzed to find out the controversial issues in judicial practice. Finally, on the basis of the analysis of the controversial points, the introduction of public interest litigation system to improve the judicial protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities is proposed and explained from the specific procedures.
The first part is the theoretical analysis of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities.This part analyzes the meaning, nature, basic elements and social significance of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities. It includes the right of the whole minority nationality to maintain their own way of life.This right is both a personal right and a group right.It is both a moral right and a legal right.It is both a positive right and a negative right.The subject of the cultural rights of the minority nationality should be multiple subjects.The object of the cultural rights of the minority nationality is the traditional culture and knowledge of the minority nationality. The contents of cultural rights of ethnic minorities include the right to cultural dignity, the right to use their own language and writing, the freedom to pursue and develop their own customs and customs, the freedom of religious belief, the protection and development of traditional knowledge, and the right to benefit from the commercial use of their traditional culture and knowledge. It has the social significance of cohesion, symbolism, image and spiritual home.
The second part combs the practice of the protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities in China. The article combs the practice of our country from the legislative, administrative and judicial perspectives, from which we can see that the judicial protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities lags behind the legislation and administration.
The third part introduces two typical cases and analyzes the subject of the right and whether there is infringement in the case.
The fourth part puts forward some opinions on the perfection of the judicial protection of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities in China. It holds that the lawsuit for the protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities should be regarded as a public interest lawsuit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D920.4
[Abstract]:Ethnic minority culture is an important part of Chinese culture. However, with the development and integration of world culture, the impact of foreign culture, the trend of globalization and so on, a series of factors have exerted a great influence on Chinese culture. In this process, ethnic minority culture, on the one hand, is facing the process of China's modernization and the development of market economy. On the other hand, it is also faced with the frequent international exchanges under the background of globalization, the impact and impact of foreign cultures on minority cultures. In the course of commercial development and utilization, the rights of minority nationalities are easily infringed. Once the cultural rights of minority nationalities are infringed, the relief will be involved. Minority cultures are rich and colorful, and their traditional culture and knowledge are of great value in the market economy. In the face of the enormous economic benefits of their traditional culture and knowledge in the commercial development and utilization, minority nationalities certainly enjoy the benefits of sharing. The judicial protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities discussed in this paper refers to the judicial protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities in the case of commercial use.
This article mainly divides into four parts to study the judicial protection of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities. After analyzing the meaning, nature, three elements of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities and the social significance of protecting the cultural rights of ethnic minorities, this paper sorts out the practice of protecting the cultural rights of ethnic minorities in China. Then two typical examples are selected. The case is analyzed to find out the controversial issues in judicial practice. Finally, on the basis of the analysis of the controversial points, the introduction of public interest litigation system to improve the judicial protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities is proposed and explained from the specific procedures.
The first part is the theoretical analysis of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities.This part analyzes the meaning, nature, basic elements and social significance of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities. It includes the right of the whole minority nationality to maintain their own way of life.This right is both a personal right and a group right.It is both a moral right and a legal right.It is both a positive right and a negative right.The subject of the cultural rights of the minority nationality should be multiple subjects.The object of the cultural rights of the minority nationality is the traditional culture and knowledge of the minority nationality. The contents of cultural rights of ethnic minorities include the right to cultural dignity, the right to use their own language and writing, the freedom to pursue and develop their own customs and customs, the freedom of religious belief, the protection and development of traditional knowledge, and the right to benefit from the commercial use of their traditional culture and knowledge. It has the social significance of cohesion, symbolism, image and spiritual home.
The second part combs the practice of the protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities in China. The article combs the practice of our country from the legislative, administrative and judicial perspectives, from which we can see that the judicial protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities lags behind the legislation and administration.
The third part introduces two typical cases and analyzes the subject of the right and whether there is infringement in the case.
The fourth part puts forward some opinions on the perfection of the judicial protection of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities in China. It holds that the lawsuit for the protection of cultural rights of ethnic minorities should be regarded as a public interest lawsuit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D920.4
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