南非住房權(quán)的法律保障研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-12 08:34
【摘要】：1998年，我國開始住房商品化和市場化改革。這場改革使我國躲過了1997年東南亞金融危機(jī)的沖擊，給我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展注入新活力。過度市場化也帶來了一些問題，房價(jià)過高、住房保障體系不完善、強(qiáng)制拆遷等現(xiàn)象阻礙了住房權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。在嚴(yán)峻的社會(huì)形勢下，南非堅(jiān)持保障人權(quán)，發(fā)展出一條令人稱贊的住房權(quán)法律保障之路，為完善我國住房權(quán)保障制度提供有益借鑒。南非住房權(quán)的法律保障包括立法保障和司法保障。立法是司法和執(zhí)法的前提和依據(jù)。南非的住房權(quán)立法體系由國際條約、1996年《南非憲法》和住房權(quán)相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)構(gòu)成。1996年憲法是南非第一部民主憲法，《權(quán)利法案》幾乎涵蓋所有人權(quán)。憲法的住房權(quán)條款指導(dǎo)法律法規(guī)的制定。南非制定一系列住房權(quán)相關(guān)法律法規(guī)，形成住房權(quán)保障的法律網(wǎng)。司法是住房權(quán)的最后保障。法院在審判中確立和發(fā)展住房權(quán)。首先，確立住房權(quán)的可訴性，，這是司法保障的前提；其次，協(xié)調(diào)保障住房權(quán)和遵守三權(quán)分立原則間的緊張關(guān)系；再次，確立合理性審查，合理性審查是法院審判的主要方式，通過審查政府和第三人的住房行為是否合理判斷住房權(quán)是否受到侵害；最后，發(fā)展出協(xié)商等多種救濟(jì)方式，協(xié)商增強(qiáng)了判決的執(zhí)行力，使判決擺脫了宣告式、對話式、弱式的外衣。南非住房權(quán)保障經(jīng)歷由幼稚到成熟、由單一到豐富、從形式到實(shí)質(zhì)的演變過程，為完善我國住房權(quán)制度提供有益借鑒。在立法方面，我們要堅(jiān)持住房權(quán)入憲、制定專門的住房權(quán)法、完善現(xiàn)有法律法規(guī)、制定全面、協(xié)調(diào)、持續(xù)的住房計(jì)劃和政策；在司法方面，我們應(yīng)該確認(rèn)住房權(quán)的可訴性、明確法院審判的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、確保法院的獨(dú)立地位和判決的執(zhí)行力、不斷創(chuàng)新救濟(jì)方式，形成系統(tǒng)、和諧的住房權(quán)救濟(jì)體系。
[Abstract]:In 1998, China began housing commercialization and market-oriented reform. This reform made our country avoid the financial crisis of Southeast Asia in 1997 and inject new vitality into our economic development. Excessive marketization also brings some problems, such as housing price is too high, housing security system is not perfect, forced demolition and other phenomena hinder the realization of housing rights. Under the severe social situation, South Africa insists on protecting human rights, develops a praiseworthy road of legal protection of housing rights, and provides a useful reference for perfecting the housing right security system of our country. The legal protection of housing rights in South Africa includes legislative protection and judicial protection. Legislation is the premise and basis for the administration of justice and law enforcement. South Africa's housing rights legislation system consists of international treaties, the 1996 South African Constitution and the laws and regulations related to housing rights. The 1996 Constitution is South Africa's first democratic constitution, and the Bill of Rights covers almost all human rights. The provisions of the Constitution on housing rights guide the formulation of laws and regulations. South Africa formulates a series of housing rights related laws and regulations, forms the housing right safeguard legal network. The administration of justice is the final guarantee of the right to housing. The court establishes and develops the right to housing in the trial. First of all, to establish the justiciability of housing rights, which is the premise of judicial security; secondly, to coordinate the tension between housing rights and the principle of separation of powers; thirdly, to establish rationality review, which is the main way of court trial. By examining whether the housing behavior of the government and the third party is reasonably judged whether the housing right has been infringed or not; finally, through the development of a variety of relief methods such as consultation, negotiation has strengthened the execution of the judgment and made the judgment get rid of the declaratory style and the dialogue style. A weak coat South Africa housing right security experience from childish to mature, from single to rich, from form to substance of the evolution process, for improving our housing rights system to provide a useful reference. In terms of legislation, we should insist on the inclusion of housing rights in the Constitution, enact special housing rights laws, perfect existing laws and regulations, and formulate comprehensive, coordinated and sustained housing plans and policies. In the judicial aspect, we should recognize the justiciability of housing rights. The standard of court trial should be defined, the independent position of court and the execution of judgment should be ensured, and the relief method should be innovated constantly to form a systematic and harmonious relief system of housing right.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D947
本文編號(hào)：2178516
[Abstract]:In 1998, China began housing commercialization and market-oriented reform. This reform made our country avoid the financial crisis of Southeast Asia in 1997 and inject new vitality into our economic development. Excessive marketization also brings some problems, such as housing price is too high, housing security system is not perfect, forced demolition and other phenomena hinder the realization of housing rights. Under the severe social situation, South Africa insists on protecting human rights, develops a praiseworthy road of legal protection of housing rights, and provides a useful reference for perfecting the housing right security system of our country. The legal protection of housing rights in South Africa includes legislative protection and judicial protection. Legislation is the premise and basis for the administration of justice and law enforcement. South Africa's housing rights legislation system consists of international treaties, the 1996 South African Constitution and the laws and regulations related to housing rights. The 1996 Constitution is South Africa's first democratic constitution, and the Bill of Rights covers almost all human rights. The provisions of the Constitution on housing rights guide the formulation of laws and regulations. South Africa formulates a series of housing rights related laws and regulations, forms the housing right safeguard legal network. The administration of justice is the final guarantee of the right to housing. The court establishes and develops the right to housing in the trial. First of all, to establish the justiciability of housing rights, which is the premise of judicial security; secondly, to coordinate the tension between housing rights and the principle of separation of powers; thirdly, to establish rationality review, which is the main way of court trial. By examining whether the housing behavior of the government and the third party is reasonably judged whether the housing right has been infringed or not; finally, through the development of a variety of relief methods such as consultation, negotiation has strengthened the execution of the judgment and made the judgment get rid of the declaratory style and the dialogue style. A weak coat South Africa housing right security experience from childish to mature, from single to rich, from form to substance of the evolution process, for improving our housing rights system to provide a useful reference. In terms of legislation, we should insist on the inclusion of housing rights in the Constitution, enact special housing rights laws, perfect existing laws and regulations, and formulate comprehensive, coordinated and sustained housing plans and policies. In the judicial aspect, we should recognize the justiciability of housing rights. The standard of court trial should be defined, the independent position of court and the execution of judgment should be ensured, and the relief method should be innovated constantly to form a systematic and harmonious relief system of housing right.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D947
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