假設(shè)承諾:一個(gè)新的法律概念
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-04 17:01
【摘要】：在德國(guó),假設(shè)承諾是最近十年才出現(xiàn)在聯(lián)邦法院判例中的新事物。它指的是:在醫(yī)事手術(shù)上,如果醫(yī)生向病人作了如實(shí)的說(shuō)明,病人也會(huì)作出承諾,那醫(yī)生的說(shuō)明瑕疵不會(huì)使得其醫(yī)事手術(shù)失去正當(dāng)性。相對(duì)于事實(shí)的承諾和推定承諾,假設(shè)承諾沒(méi)有弱化當(dāng)事人的自決權(quán)。由于病人同意手術(shù)的決策以及相應(yīng)的手術(shù)侵犯,并非確切地由說(shuō)明瑕疵所導(dǎo)致,所以它們兩者之間不存在義務(wù)違反性的關(guān)聯(lián),進(jìn)而缺乏可歸屬性。即使醫(yī)生采取了合乎義務(wù)的替代性舉止,結(jié)果發(fā)生的概率也同樣會(huì)達(dá)到相當(dāng)確定的程度。此外,依照"有疑問(wèn)時(shí),有利于被告人"的原則,亦可得出有利于醫(yī)生的結(jié)論。在德國(guó)民事判例上,當(dāng)事醫(yī)生毋需為其說(shuō)明瑕疵承擔(dān)責(zé)任,基于統(tǒng)一法秩序的原理,醫(yī)生也不應(yīng)承擔(dān)刑事責(zé)任(除非構(gòu)成未遂)。
[Abstract]:In Germany, the hypothetical promise is something new to the Federal Court's jurisprudence in the last decade. It means that in medical surgery, if a doctor makes a truthful statement to a patient, the patient also makes a promise, and the doctor's flaw does not render his medical operation unjustified. In contrast to factual and presumptive promises, hypothetical commitments do not weaken the parties' right to self-determination. Because the patient agrees to the operation decision and the corresponding operation invasion, it is not exactly caused by the defect of explanation, so there is no relationship between them, and then they lack the attributive attribute. Even if the doctor adopts a responsible alternative behavior, the probability of the outcome will be fairly certain. In addition, in accordance with the principle of "in case of doubt, in favour of the accused", a conclusion may be drawn in favour of the doctor. In German civil law, the doctor is not liable for the defect, nor shall he be criminally liable (unless it constitutes an attempt) on the basis of the principles of the uniform law order.
【作者單位】： 德國(guó)奧格斯堡大學(xué)法學(xué)院;北京大學(xué)刑事法治研究中心;
【分類號(hào)】：D951.6
，
本文編號(hào)：2164524
[Abstract]:In Germany, the hypothetical promise is something new to the Federal Court's jurisprudence in the last decade. It means that in medical surgery, if a doctor makes a truthful statement to a patient, the patient also makes a promise, and the doctor's flaw does not render his medical operation unjustified. In contrast to factual and presumptive promises, hypothetical commitments do not weaken the parties' right to self-determination. Because the patient agrees to the operation decision and the corresponding operation invasion, it is not exactly caused by the defect of explanation, so there is no relationship between them, and then they lack the attributive attribute. Even if the doctor adopts a responsible alternative behavior, the probability of the outcome will be fairly certain. In addition, in accordance with the principle of "in case of doubt, in favour of the accused", a conclusion may be drawn in favour of the doctor. In German civil law, the doctor is not liable for the defect, nor shall he be criminally liable (unless it constitutes an attempt) on the basis of the principles of the uniform law order.
【作者單位】： 德國(guó)奧格斯堡大學(xué)法學(xué)院;北京大學(xué)刑事法治研究中心;
【分類號(hào)】：D951.6
，
本文編號(hào)：2164524
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