社群主義法律觀研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-20 15:41
【摘要】：社群主義法律觀研究社群主義的自我觀、權(quán)利觀、正義觀和憲政觀。社群主義是在批判以羅爾斯為代表的新自由主義基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的一種政治哲學(xué)思潮。早期社群主義者主要側(cè)重于對(duì)新自由主義核心范疇的駁斥,表現(xiàn)出顯著的批判性特質(zhì)。但是,晚期社群主義者主要致力于建構(gòu)自己的理論體系,表現(xiàn)出建構(gòu)主義特質(zhì)。社群主義的核心范疇是社群與責(zé)任。 社群主義認(rèn)為自由主義的自我觀是一種無牽無掛的自我,是一種無社會(huì)歷史文化根基的虛構(gòu),它導(dǎo)致自我的異化和現(xiàn)代性的危機(jī)。社群主義主張自我的社會(huì)歷史文化依附性,它認(rèn)為只有在具體的社會(huì)歷史文化框架和背景支配下才能形成構(gòu)成性的自我理解。它認(rèn)為只有將自我置于特定的社會(huì)歷史文化框架和背景下才能找到解決自我異化和克服現(xiàn)代性危機(jī)的解毒劑。 社群主義對(duì)自由主義自然權(quán)利學(xué)說的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)持拒斥態(tài)度。他認(rèn)為與自然權(quán)利相關(guān)的自然狀態(tài)、社會(huì)契約乃是形而上學(xué)的虛構(gòu)。權(quán)利的狂野勃發(fā)激發(fā)了極端個(gè)人主義乃至極端利己主義,其結(jié)果是責(zé)任體系的拔根、社會(huì)合作的松弛、共享社群的解體、國(guó)家能力的衰弱。它主張責(zé)任體系的重構(gòu)、社會(huì)合作的加強(qiáng)、社群價(jià)值的共享、國(guó)家能力的振興。社群主義從根本上否定自然權(quán)利,替代自然權(quán)利的是忠誠(chéng)、友誼、責(zé)任倫理的觀念。這些觀念乃是法律責(zé)任失效的最后擔(dān)保。社群主義并不一般地否定具體的法律權(quán)利,但它更愿意倡導(dǎo)責(zé)任的主題化。 社群主義認(rèn)為自由主義的正義觀乃是抽空了社會(huì)歷史文化內(nèi)涵的形式理性主義正義觀,不可能為本真的社會(huì)生活提供合法性。它認(rèn)為正義應(yīng)當(dāng)建立在個(gè)人美德、社群公共善、社會(huì)(國(guó)家或者人類社會(huì))普遍善之層級(jí)第次公度的基礎(chǔ)上。替代自由主義個(gè)人權(quán)利實(shí)現(xiàn)的正義觀的乃是社群主義所主張的社群公共善。 社群主義認(rèn)為自由主義的憲政觀乃是建立在事實(shí)與價(jià)值背離基礎(chǔ)上的程序主義憲政觀。社群主義主張美德基礎(chǔ)上的實(shí)質(zhì)主義的憲政觀。在技術(shù)領(lǐng)域,社群主義分享了公民共和主義的憲政觀某些價(jià)值和偏好。 社群主義與中國(guó)儒家思想的諸多共通之處,為我國(guó)在法治建設(shè)中借鑒社群主義提供了足夠的便宜,但在中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)實(shí)的復(fù)合作用下,在缺乏自由主義傳統(tǒng)的情況下,社群主義對(duì)我們是一柄雙刃劍,需要我們小心甄別其利弊；在我們的法治建設(shè)中,有必要在個(gè)人與社群、權(quán)利與責(zé)任、公益與私利、國(guó)家政府與公民之間保持適當(dāng)?shù)木S度和張力。
[Abstract]:The study of communitarianism's view of self, right, justice and constitutionalism. Communitarianism is a trend of political philosophy developed on the basis of criticizing the neoliberalism represented by Rawls. Early communitarists focused on refuting the core category of neoliberalism and showed significant critical characteristics. However, the late-stage communitarians were mainly committed to constructing their own theoretical system, showing constructivism characteristics. The core category of communitarianism is community and responsibility. Communitarianism holds that liberalism's self-concept is a kind of carefree ego and a kind of fiction without the foundation of social history and culture which leads to the alienation of self and the crisis of modernity. Communitarianism advocates the social historical and cultural dependence of self. It holds that only under the control of specific social historical and cultural framework and background can a constructive self-understanding be formed. It holds that the antidote to solve the self-alienation and overcome the crisis of modernity can only be found under the specific social historical and cultural framework and background. Communitarianism rejects the philosophical basis of liberalism's theory of natural rights. He holds that the social contract is a metaphysical fiction in relation to the natural state of natural rights. The wild growth of rights has inspired extreme individualism and even extreme egoism, which has resulted in the root of the responsibility system, the relaxation of social cooperation, the disintegration of the shared community, and the weakness of the national capacity. It advocates the reconstruction of responsibility system, the strengthening of social cooperation, the sharing of community value and the rejuvenation of national capacity. Communitarianism fundamentally negates natural rights and replaces them with the ethics of loyalty, friendship and responsibility. These concepts are the final guarantee of invalidation of legal liability. Communitarianism does not generally deny specific legal rights, but it prefers to advocate the theme of responsibility. Communitarianism holds that liberalism's view of justice is a formal rationalistic view of justice which empties the connotation of social history and culture and cannot provide legitimacy for the original social life. It holds that justice should be based on the first degree of justice at the level of personal virtue, community public good, and social (state or human society) universal good. The alternative to the view of justice in the realization of individual rights of liberalism is the communitarian public good advocated by communitarianism. Communitarianism holds that liberalism is a procedural constitutional view based on the deviation of fact and value. Communitarianism advocates the constitutionalism of essentialism on the basis of virtue. In the field of technology, communitarianism shares some of the values and preferences of civic republicanism. There are many similarities between communitarianism and Chinese Confucianism, which provide enough advantages for our country to learn from communitarianism in the construction of the rule of law. However, under the complex function of Chinese tradition and reality, the lack of liberal tradition, Communitarianism is a double-edged sword for us, which requires us to carefully identify its advantages and disadvantages. In our construction of the rule of law, there is a need for individuals and communities, rights and responsibilities, public interests and private interests. Maintain the proper dimension and tension between the government and the citizens.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D90
本文編號(hào)：2134006
[Abstract]:The study of communitarianism's view of self, right, justice and constitutionalism. Communitarianism is a trend of political philosophy developed on the basis of criticizing the neoliberalism represented by Rawls. Early communitarists focused on refuting the core category of neoliberalism and showed significant critical characteristics. However, the late-stage communitarians were mainly committed to constructing their own theoretical system, showing constructivism characteristics. The core category of communitarianism is community and responsibility. Communitarianism holds that liberalism's self-concept is a kind of carefree ego and a kind of fiction without the foundation of social history and culture which leads to the alienation of self and the crisis of modernity. Communitarianism advocates the social historical and cultural dependence of self. It holds that only under the control of specific social historical and cultural framework and background can a constructive self-understanding be formed. It holds that the antidote to solve the self-alienation and overcome the crisis of modernity can only be found under the specific social historical and cultural framework and background. Communitarianism rejects the philosophical basis of liberalism's theory of natural rights. He holds that the social contract is a metaphysical fiction in relation to the natural state of natural rights. The wild growth of rights has inspired extreme individualism and even extreme egoism, which has resulted in the root of the responsibility system, the relaxation of social cooperation, the disintegration of the shared community, and the weakness of the national capacity. It advocates the reconstruction of responsibility system, the strengthening of social cooperation, the sharing of community value and the rejuvenation of national capacity. Communitarianism fundamentally negates natural rights and replaces them with the ethics of loyalty, friendship and responsibility. These concepts are the final guarantee of invalidation of legal liability. Communitarianism does not generally deny specific legal rights, but it prefers to advocate the theme of responsibility. Communitarianism holds that liberalism's view of justice is a formal rationalistic view of justice which empties the connotation of social history and culture and cannot provide legitimacy for the original social life. It holds that justice should be based on the first degree of justice at the level of personal virtue, community public good, and social (state or human society) universal good. The alternative to the view of justice in the realization of individual rights of liberalism is the communitarian public good advocated by communitarianism. Communitarianism holds that liberalism is a procedural constitutional view based on the deviation of fact and value. Communitarianism advocates the constitutionalism of essentialism on the basis of virtue. In the field of technology, communitarianism shares some of the values and preferences of civic republicanism. There are many similarities between communitarianism and Chinese Confucianism, which provide enough advantages for our country to learn from communitarianism in the construction of the rule of law. However, under the complex function of Chinese tradition and reality, the lack of liberal tradition, Communitarianism is a double-edged sword for us, which requires us to carefully identify its advantages and disadvantages. In our construction of the rule of law, there is a need for individuals and communities, rights and responsibilities, public interests and private interests. Maintain the proper dimension and tension between the government and the citizens.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D90
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