本文選題：明清時(shí)期 + 好訟　； 參考：《江蘇大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：明清時(shí)期,商品經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展,民間百姓的維權(quán)意識(shí)逐漸提高,訴訟活動(dòng)日益增多,田土糾紛和人命案件屢見不鮮。民間百姓熱衷于訴訟活動(dòng)的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)與官方息訟止訟的態(tài)度產(chǎn)生了矛盾,一方面司法官們主張通過社會(huì)教化以達(dá)到息訟止訟的目的;另一方面打壓訟師行業(yè),并致力于將糾紛以調(diào)解的方式止于民間,展現(xiàn)出明清司法審判情理法相融合的特色。本篇論文共分為五章:第一章為緒論。主要介紹了論文的研究背景、研究的意義以及針對明清好訟的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀。第二章分析明清時(shí)期民間的好訟現(xiàn)狀。明清時(shí)期,商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展超越了以往的歷代王朝,人口數(shù)量急劇增長,人地矛盾日益突出,人際關(guān)系更加復(fù)雜,民間百姓矛盾糾紛在所難免。訴訟活動(dòng)主要集中于田土糾紛和人命案件,為了贏得官司,民間百姓大多采用謊狀、纏訟、自殺、械斗等訴訟策略。第三章主要分析了明清時(shí)期民間好訟的成因。明清兩朝法律法規(guī)的完善為訴訟活動(dòng)提供了依據(jù),商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展導(dǎo)致糾紛增加,訟師的助訟唆訟客觀上也推動(dòng)了好訟之風(fēng)的盛行。此外,人口的迅速增長、土客之間的沖突、民風(fēng)民俗等都是明清訴訟增加的影響因素。第四章重點(diǎn)分析了明清時(shí)期官府針對好訟之風(fēng)所采取的息訟策略。明清政府試圖通過社會(huì)教化讓百姓賤訟恥訟,并打壓訟師行業(yè)以達(dá)到息訟的目的。地方司法官在司法實(shí)踐中鼓勵(lì)調(diào)解止訟,通過宗族調(diào)解、鄉(xiāng)鄰調(diào)解、民間調(diào)解以及官批民調(diào)等方式化解糾紛,讓百姓遠(yuǎn)離訴訟活動(dòng)。第五章總結(jié)了明清好訟現(xiàn)象引發(fā)的現(xiàn)實(shí)思考以及對當(dāng)代社會(huì)的借鑒意義。好訟現(xiàn)象沖擊了明清司法制度,提高了民間百姓的法律意識(shí),讓百姓積極地參與到訴訟活動(dòng)之中,也促使明清司法官員在審判實(shí)踐中更加謹(jǐn)慎的處理糾紛,不斷完善訴訟規(guī)則、矯治審判機(jī)制,促進(jìn)了封建司法制度的改革和完善,對當(dāng)今和諧社會(huì)的構(gòu)建也有一定的借鑒作用。
[Abstract]:During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the commodity economy developed rapidly, people's awareness of protecting rights gradually increased, litigation activities increased day by day, land disputes and human life cases were common. The social reality of the people's enthusiasm for litigation activities is in contradiction with the attitude of the official litigation and litigation. On the one hand, the magistrates advocate that the purpose of interest litigation and litigation be achieved through social education; on the other hand, they suppress the profession of litigation. And dedicated to the mediation of disputes in the civil way, showing the Ming and Qing dynasties judicial justice law fusion characteristics. This paper is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is an introduction. This paper mainly introduces the research background, significance and research status at home and abroad for good litigation in Ming and Qing dynasties. The second chapter analyzes the current situation of civil litigation in Ming and Qing dynasties. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the development of commodity economy exceeded the previous dynasties, the population increased rapidly, the contradiction between people and land became more prominent, the interpersonal relationship became more complex, and the contradictions and disputes among the people were inevitable. Litigation activities mainly focus on land disputes and human life cases, in order to win the lawsuit, the folk mostly use lie, entangled litigation, suicide, armed fight and other litigation strategies. The third chapter mainly analyzes the causes of civil litigation in Ming and Qing dynasties. The perfection of laws and regulations in Ming and Qing dynasties provided the basis for litigation activities. The development of commodity economy led to the increase of disputes, and the help and abetment of litigants objectively promoted the prevalence of good litigation. In addition, the rapid growth of population, the conflict between natives, folk customs and so on are all the factors affecting the increase of litigation in Ming and Qing dynasties. The fourth chapter focuses on the analysis of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the government against the good litigation strategy. The government of Ming and Qing Dynasty tried to make the people dishonor litigation through social education, and to suppress the profession of litigation in order to achieve the purpose of interest litigation. In judicial practice, magistrates encourage mediation to stop litigation, resolve disputes through clan mediation, township mediation, folk mediation and official opinion polls, so as to keep the people away from litigation activities. The fifth chapter summarizes the Ming and Qing Dynasty good litigation phenomenon triggered by the practical thinking and contemporary society reference. The phenomenon of good litigation impacted the judicial system of the Ming and Qing dynasties, raised the legal consciousness of the common people, let the people actively participate in the litigation activities, and also urged the judicial officials of the Ming and Qing dynasties to handle disputes more carefully in the trial practice and to constantly improve the rules of litigation. Rectifying the trial mechanism has promoted the reform and perfection of the feudal judicial system, and also has certain reference function to the construction of the harmonious society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D929

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