本文選題：法經(jīng)濟分析 + 侵權(quán)責任成立��； 參考：《南京大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文研究了法經(jīng)濟分析方法在侵權(quán)責任成立與損害賠償數(shù)額確定中的應(yīng)用。傳統(tǒng)的侵權(quán)法理論關(guān)于侵權(quán)責任成立的問題上,圍繞過錯和因果關(guān)系兩個要件存在諸多問題。在過錯和因果關(guān)系的認定上往往存在標準不夠統(tǒng)一、主觀性較強問題,為相關(guān)研究帶來了較大困擾。而在損害賠償數(shù)額確定的問題上,傳統(tǒng)的侵權(quán)法理論在人身損害等難以用金錢衡量價值的損害類型上存在損害賠償數(shù)額確定難以令人信服、確定標準難以把握的問題。在懲罰性賠償?shù)膯栴}上,傳統(tǒng)理論也存在確定數(shù)額的標準可操作性差的問題。本文借助法經(jīng)濟分析的方法,嘗試建立起客觀化的標準,在社會最優(yōu)預(yù)防水平下對預(yù)防成本和預(yù)期事故成本的大小比較確定當事人是否具有過錯,通過對因果關(guān)系的法經(jīng)濟分析研究以及法經(jīng)濟分析視角下因果關(guān)系可以轉(zhuǎn)化為過錯的討論,進一步簡化了責任成立的判斷標準。在損害賠償數(shù)額確定的問題上,法經(jīng)濟分析針對補償性損害賠償和懲罰性損害賠償分別適用不同的數(shù)額確定方法,引入了等效用曲線、等量風險以及履行差錯等概念,對人身損害等不能以金錢衡量的損失結(jié)果和懲罰性損害賠償?shù)臄?shù)額確定給出更為合理的標準,同時對具備市場價格的損害賠償數(shù)額確定給出相對操作性更強、更加精確的方法,對于侵權(quán)責任成立和損害賠償數(shù)額確定中的疑難問題的解決有建設(shè)性意義。本文除了引言和結(jié)語,共有四個部分:第一部分主要介紹了作為本文研究方法的法經(jīng)濟分析方法及將其應(yīng)用在本文研究的問題中的意義。從歷史發(fā)展、理論假設(shè)、效率概念入手,展示了法經(jīng)濟分析方法運行的機制,并在其自身優(yōu)勢和特點的基礎(chǔ)上介紹將其應(yīng)用在本文研究的問題中的意義。第二部分主要介紹了法經(jīng)濟分析方法在侵權(quán)責任成立問題上的應(yīng)用,分別圍繞過錯和因果關(guān)系兩大要件展開。本文對過錯要件的研究以漢德公式為出發(fā)點,介紹了漢德公式的內(nèi)容,對其進行了進一步解讀,并介紹了在漢德公式基礎(chǔ)上改進得來的社會最優(yōu)預(yù)防水平理論,通過在社會最優(yōu)預(yù)防水平條件下當事人投入的預(yù)防成本與事故預(yù)期成本的比較確定過錯是否成立。因果關(guān)系方面的研究主要介紹了法經(jīng)濟分析對因果關(guān)系的不同認識,通過對行為的效率意義的評價認定因果關(guān)系是否存在。最后介紹了法經(jīng)濟分析視角下對因果關(guān)系向過錯轉(zhuǎn)化的認識,法經(jīng)濟分析研究中因果關(guān)系可以轉(zhuǎn)化為過錯進行研究,有利于進一步簡化侵權(quán)責任成立判斷的標準。第三部分主要介紹法經(jīng)濟分析方法在損害賠償數(shù)額確定中的應(yīng)用。法經(jīng)濟分析方法將損害賠償分為補償性損害賠償和懲罰性損害賠償兩種。在補償性損害賠償中,法經(jīng)濟分析認為有兩種內(nèi)涵,一種是具有市場價格的損害結(jié)果的損害賠償,一種是不具備市場價格的損害結(jié)果的損害賠償。法經(jīng)濟分析運用經(jīng)濟學的等效用需求曲線函數(shù)確定前者的數(shù)額,運用等量風險理論確定后者的數(shù)額。對于懲罰性損害賠償,法經(jīng)濟分析主要關(guān)注履行差錯對其的影響,從履行差錯的量化入手確定懲罰性賠償?shù)臄?shù)額。第四部分探討了法經(jīng)濟分析方法在侵權(quán)責任成立與損害賠償數(shù)額確定中應(yīng)用的局限,這種局限主要是由法經(jīng)濟分析可能存在的與公平正義等價值觀念的沖突以及支持法經(jīng)濟分析實踐化的數(shù)據(jù)支撐不足造成的。但是這樣的局限并非是不可克服的,通過人為修正可以緩解法經(jīng)濟分析與公平正義等觀念的沖突,通過深入實證研究可以獲得一般性的變量數(shù)據(jù)。本文認為,法經(jīng)濟分析方法應(yīng)用于侵權(quán)責任成立以及損害賠償數(shù)額確定的研究中,可以構(gòu)建出可量化操作的、相對客觀化、精準化的侵權(quán)責任成立和損害賠償數(shù)額確定標準,這對侵權(quán)法制度的研究與實踐都有著積極的意義。
[Abstract]:This paper studies the application of the method of legal economic analysis in the establishment of tort liability and the determination of the amount of damages. There are many problems in the traditional theory of tort law on the establishment of liability for tort. There are many problems around the two important elements of fault and causality. On the problem of determining the amount of damages, the traditional theory of the traditional tort law, which is difficult to determine the amount of damages on the damage type which is difficult to use money to measure the value of money, is difficult to grasp. In the case of punitive damages, the traditional theory is on the issue of punitive damages. On the basis of the method of economic analysis, this paper tries to establish an objective standard, and compares the risk of prevention and the cost of the expected accident at the level of social optimal prevention to determine whether the parties have fault, through the legal economic analysis of causality and the law. From the perspective of economic analysis, the causality can be transformed into a discussion of fault, which further simplifies the judgment standard for the establishment of liability. On the problem of determining the amount of compensation for damages, the legal economic analysis applies the different amount of determination methods to compensatory damages and punitive damages respectively, and the equivalent use curve is introduced, and the equivalent risk is introduced. To carry out the concept of error and so on, to determine the amount of loss and punitive damages which can not be measured by money, and to determine a more reasonable standard. At the same time, the amount of damages for the damage of the market price is determined to be more operable and more accurate, and the amount of the liability for tort and the amount of damages are determined. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper has four parts: the first part mainly introduces the method of economic analysis as the method of this paper and the significance of its application to the problems in this paper. From the historical development, the theoretical hypothesis and the concept of efficiency, it shows the method of economic analysis. The mechanism of operation is introduced on the basis of its own advantages and characteristics. The second part mainly introduces the application of the method of legal economic analysis on the establishment of tort liability, and the two important elements of fault and causality respectively. The study of the fault elements in this paper is based on the Han German formula For the starting point, this paper introduces the content of the hande formula, further interprets it, and introduces the social optimal prevention level theory improved on the basis of the hande formula. By comparing the cost of prevention of the parties involved in the optimal level of social prevention and the accident expectation, it determines whether the fault is established or not. The research mainly introduces the different understanding of the causal relationship between the legal economic analysis, and determines whether the causality exists by the evaluation of the efficiency meaning of the behavior. Finally, it introduces the understanding of the transformation from the causality to the fault in the perspective of the economic analysis of law and the study of the relationship between fruit and fruit in the study of the legal economic analysis, which is beneficial to the study of the fault. The third part mainly introduces the application of the legal economic analysis method in the determination of the amount of damage compensation. The legal economic analysis method divides the damages into two kinds of compensatory damages and punitive damages. In the compensatory damages, the legal economic analysis holds that there are two kinds of connotations in the legal economic analysis. It is compensation for damage resulting from market price damage, one is damage compensation that does not have the result of market price damage. The legal economic analysis uses the equivalent demand curve function of economics to determine the amount of the former, and uses the equivalent risk theory to determine the amount of the latter. In the fourth part, the limitation of the application of the legal economic analysis method to the establishment of tort liability and the determination of the amount of damages is discussed. This limitation is mainly caused by the conflict of the values that may exist in the analysis of the legal economy and the values of fairness and justice, as well as in the legal economic analysis. The practical data support of the economic analysis of support law is not sufficient. However, this limitation is not insurmountable. Through human modification, it can alleviate the conflict between the economic analysis and justice and so on, and can obtain the general variable data through in-depth empirical research. This article holds that the method of legal economic analysis is applied to tort liability. In the study of the establishment and the determination of the amount of damages, it is possible to establish a quantifiable operation, relatively objective, accurate tort liability and the standard for determining the amount of damages, which are of great significance to the research and practice of the tort law system.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D90-059;D913
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本文編號：2063019