本文選題：法律 + 不確定性�。� 參考：《山西大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：法律具有確定性,是西方法學界傳統(tǒng)的學術觀點。十九世紀末二十世紀初,西方法學界關于這一問題的立場發(fā)生變化,開始強調法律的不確定性。對法律是否具有確定性的探討在相當程度上影響著對法治及其功能的認識。我國社會主義法治建設取得了巨大成就,但法律的權威還沒有完全樹立,司法中的自由裁量權還未得到有效規(guī)制,研究和探討法律的不確定性問題更具有現實意義。本文通過以下四部分內容對法律的不確定性進行探討和分析,指出法律的不確定性與立法技術之間的關系,提出通過完善立法技術提高法律確定性程度。 第一部分,對法律的不確定性的理論進行闡述,分析法律的不確定性的表現形式,提出法律的不確定性主要表現為法律規(guī)范的不確定性、司法過程的不確定性和其他社會因素導致的不確定性。分析法律的不確定性的語言學基礎、認識論基礎和辯證法基礎,上述理論構成法律不確定性的理論基礎。梳理關于法律的確定性與不確定性的理論爭議,對法律的不確定性的理論進行反思和評價,從守法者的視角重新界定法律的不確定性概念。 第二部分,分析法律的不確定性的立法原因。提出立法語言的模糊性、立法中對法律事實的不完全預見性和立法中法律條文之間的相互沖突是法律的不確定性的立法原因。 第三部分,論證立法技術對法律的不確定性的影響。通過立法技術的理論梳理對立法技術的概念有一個更清晰的認識。論證立法技術與法律的不確定性之間的關系,認為立法技術中立法的立法活動運籌技術、立法預測和立法規(guī)劃、立法法案的起草等不規(guī)范或不完善都會增加法律的不確定性。 第四部分,論證通過完善立法技術提高法律的確定性程度。通過加強立法活動運籌技術、加強立法預測和立法規(guī)劃工作,提高法律的確定性程度。通過組建理論功底扎實、有高超立法技術和立法能力、對立法目的有清晰了解和精確把握的法律草案起草團隊提高法律的確定性程度。通過加強法律語言特別是立法語言的規(guī)范化研究提高法律的確定性程度。通過建立規(guī)范合理的立法語言語料庫提高法律的確定性程度。通過在立法時規(guī)范法律條文的表述提高法律的確定性程度。 總之,本文通過對法律的不確定性理論的分析和研究,運用文獻分析和實證分析的方法指出法律的不確定性的立法原因。論證法律的不確定性與立法技術的關系,提出通過完善立法技術提高法律的確定性,使法律規(guī)范能夠更好地對我國司法實踐予以明確的規(guī)范和指引,有效約束司法中的肆意和專斷,推動法律權威的樹立,推動法治建設進程。
[Abstract]:Legal certainty is the traditional academic point of view in western legal circles. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the twentieth century, the position of western jurists on this issue changed and began to emphasize the uncertainty of law. The discussion of whether the law has certainty influences the understanding of the rule of law and its function to a certain extent. Great achievements have been made in the construction of the socialist rule of law in our country, but the authority of the law has not been fully established, and the discretion in the administration of justice has not been regulated effectively. Therefore, it is of practical significance to study and explore the uncertainty of the law. This paper discusses and analyzes the uncertainty of law in the following four parts, points out the relationship between the uncertainty of law and the technology of legislation, and proposes to improve the degree of legal certainty by perfecting the technology of legislation. In the first part, the author expounds the theory of uncertainty of law, analyzes the manifestation of uncertainty of law, and points out that uncertainty of law is mainly manifested in uncertainty of legal norms. Uncertainty of judicial process and other social factors. This paper analyzes the linguistic basis, epistemological basis and dialectical basis of legal uncertainty, which constitute the theoretical basis of legal uncertainty. This paper combs the theoretical disputes about certainty and uncertainty of law, rethinks and evaluates the theory of uncertainty of law, and redefines the concept of uncertainty of law from the perspective of law-abiding person. The second part analyzes the legislative reasons of the uncertainty of law. The fuzziness of the legislative language, the incomplete predictability of the legal facts in the legislation and the conflict between the legal provisions in the legislation are the legislative reasons for the uncertainty of the law. The third part demonstrates the influence of legislative technology on the uncertainty of law. Through the theory of legislative technology, there is a clearer understanding of the concept of legislative technology. This paper demonstrates the relationship between legislative technology and the uncertainty of law, and points out that the unstandardized or imperfect legislative activities, legislative prediction and legislative planning, and the drafting of legislative bills will increase the uncertainty of law. In the fourth part, the author discusses how to improve the legal certainty by perfecting the legislative technology. Through strengthening the operation technology of legislative activities and strengthening the work of legislative prediction and legislative planning, the degree of legal certainty can be improved. Through the establishment of a solid theoretical foundation, superb legislative skills and legislative ability, a clear understanding and accurate grasp of the legislative purpose of the drafting team to improve the degree of certainty of the law. By strengthening the standardization of legal language, especially legislative language, the degree of legal certainty is improved. To improve the degree of legal certainty by establishing a standardized and reasonable corpus of legislative language. To improve the degree of legal certainty by standardizing the expression of legal provisions in legislation. In a word, through the analysis and study of the uncertainty theory of law, this paper points out the legislative reasons of the uncertainty of law by the methods of literature analysis and empirical analysis. This paper demonstrates the relationship between the uncertainty of law and the technology of legislation, and proposes to improve the certainty of law by perfecting the technology of legislation, so that the legal norms can better regulate and guide the judicial practice of our country. Effectively constraining the arbitrariness and arbitrariness in the administration of justice, promoting the establishment of legal authority and promoting the construction of the rule of law.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D90

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