本文選題：優(yōu)先購買權(quán) + 優(yōu)先權(quán)�。� 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：所謂古代優(yōu)先購買權(quán)制度,是相對我國法律近代化以后的優(yōu)先購買權(quán)而言,即指所有人出賣田宅等財產(chǎn)時,特定民事主體依成文法或習(xí)慣法,在同等條件下優(yōu)先于他人購買特定財產(chǎn)的權(quán)利。中國古代的優(yōu)先購買權(quán)制度作為傳統(tǒng)民事規(guī)范的組成部分,在我國歷史上源遠(yuǎn)流長,不僅種類繁多,內(nèi)容豐富,而且制度完備,頗具特色。比如獨具傳統(tǒng)特色的親鄰優(yōu)先購買權(quán)、典權(quán)人優(yōu)先購買權(quán)等優(yōu)先購買權(quán)制度,不僅規(guī)定了權(quán)利行使的主體、順序和條件,還規(guī)定了雙方的權(quán)利、義務(wù)以及權(quán)利行使的形式、限制等細(xì)節(jié)問題,而且這些規(guī)定隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會需要的變化不斷調(diào)整得以發(fā)展、完善。眾多的優(yōu)先購買權(quán)和中國古代的國情相適應(yīng),或有利于維護(hù)家族利益和政治統(tǒng)治,或著眼于適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展以及社會穩(wěn)定,或符合交易經(jīng)濟(jì)原則和減少交易糾紛,既反映了我國當(dāng)時的政治制度和社會特點,也滿足了經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的需要,具有一定的合理性和必要性。即使在社會結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生重大變化的今天,有些優(yōu)先購買權(quán)仍然作為一項符合人們交易習(xí)慣、具有相當(dāng)法理基礎(chǔ)和獨特價值的法律制度得以存續(xù)和發(fā)展,在我國成文法或習(xí)慣法中發(fā)揮著巨大作用。 本文由三部分組成,即引言、正文和結(jié)語。引言部分交代了文章的選題意義、研究現(xiàn)狀和創(chuàng)新之處。正文作為主體部分,首先概括敘述了優(yōu)先購買權(quán)的相關(guān)狀況,歸納總結(jié)了中國古代優(yōu)先購買權(quán)的概念和特征,并對優(yōu)先購買權(quán)和優(yōu)先權(quán)相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行了界定和區(qū)分。其次,對中國古代的優(yōu)先購買權(quán)做了詳細(xì)的梳理,以主體為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分為親鄰、典權(quán)人、承佃人、上手業(yè)主、共產(chǎn)業(yè)主以及預(yù)買契約債權(quán)人等各具特色的優(yōu)先購買權(quán),并在論述過程中涉及到歷史演變、權(quán)利競合、權(quán)利行使方式、限制等方面的問題。再次,以古代優(yōu)先購買權(quán)為例,對這一制度的性質(zhì)和類型歸屬進(jìn)行了深入的法理分析,認(rèn)為其實質(zhì)是優(yōu)先締約的請求權(quán)。最后結(jié)語部分,認(rèn)為古代優(yōu)先購買權(quán)制度在當(dāng)時具有一定的法理依據(jù)和制度價值,并提出判斷一種法律是否是良法,關(guān)鍵要看它是否符合當(dāng)時的社會需要,能否對當(dāng)時的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)起到促進(jìn)作用,以求有助于更理性、客觀的對待中國傳統(tǒng)的民法規(guī)范和理念。
[Abstract]:The so-called system of preemptive right in ancient times is relative to the preemptive right after the modernization of Chinese law, that is, when the owner sells the property such as farmland and house, the specific civil subject is in accordance with written law or customary law. The right to purchase a particular property under the same conditions. As a part of the traditional civil norms, the system of preemptive right in ancient China has a long history in our country. It not only has many kinds, rich contents, but also has complete system and features. For example, the system of preemption rights, such as the pro-neighbor preemption right, the pawnbroker's preemptive right, which has unique traditional characteristics, not only defines the subject, order and conditions of the exercise of the right, but also specifies the rights, obligations and forms of exercise of the rights of both sides. Restrictions and other details, and these provisions as economic development and social needs are constantly adjusted to develop, improve. Numerous preemption rights adapted to the national conditions of ancient China, or conducive to the maintenance of family interests and political rule, or geared to economic development and social stability, or consistent with the principles of the trading economy and the reduction of trade disputes, It not only reflects the political system and social characteristics of our country at that time, but also meets the needs of economic life. Even at a time when the social structure has undergone significant changes, some preemption rights have survived and developed as a legal system that accords with people's trading habits, has a considerable legal basis and is of unique value. It plays an important role in the statutory law or customary law of our country. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction explains the significance of the topic, research status and innovation. As the main part, the text firstly summarizes the relevant situation of preemptive right, summarizes the concept and characteristics of preemptive right in ancient China, and defines and distinguishes the related concepts of preemptive right and priority. Secondly, the preemptive right in ancient China is sorted out in detail. According to the criterion of subject, it is divided into preemptive right, pawnbroker, tenant, owner, communist owner and creditor of pre-purchase contract, etc. In the process of discussion, it involves some problems, such as the historical evolution, the concurrence of rights, the way of exercising rights, the limitation and so on. Thirdly, taking the ancient preemption right as an example, the author makes a deep legal analysis of the nature and type of this system, and concludes that its essence is the right of claim of preferential contracting. In the last part of the conclusion, the author thinks that the ancient preemption right system had certain legal basis and system value at that time, and proposed to judge whether a kind of law is a good law, the key depends on whether it meets the needs of the society at that time. Whether or not to promote the social economy at that time, in order to help more rational, objective treatment of Chinese traditional norms and concepts of civil law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D923;D929

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