杜某冷凍協(xié)議欺詐與詐騙認(rèn)定
本文選題:冷凍協(xié)議 + 民事欺詐 ; 參考:《延邊大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文
【摘要】:美國(guó)阿爾科生命延續(xù)基金會(huì)把冷凍人技術(shù)推向市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行經(jīng)營(yíng),并且也得到了少數(shù)人的認(rèn)可,其中包括我國(guó)冷凍第一人——杜某。針對(duì)這一新興技術(shù),人類(lèi)支持它的發(fā)展,不反對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的科學(xué)研究自由,但是對(duì)于將它推向市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行經(jīng)營(yíng)的行為,類(lèi)比美國(guó)尼爾森冷凍遺體案,國(guó)內(nèi)目前普遍認(rèn)為杜某冷凍協(xié)議存在欺騙性。如果對(duì)其聽(tīng)之任之,不僅無(wú)法保護(hù)被冷凍者的合法權(quán)益,也無(wú)法保護(hù)意思自治的社會(huì)契約精神。有關(guān)冷凍協(xié)議的法律問(wèn)題,美國(guó)的司法判例可追溯至上個(gè)世紀(jì)七十年代,我國(guó)針對(duì)它的理論研究和法律制度目前皆處于空白,亟需法律規(guī)范對(duì)其進(jìn)行約束。美國(guó)阿爾科生命延續(xù)基金會(huì)與杜某達(dá)成的冷凍協(xié)議在司法認(rèn)定中會(huì)產(chǎn)生民事欺詐與刑事詐騙罪的論辯,二者的混淆也會(huì)與當(dāng)代先進(jìn)的司法理念背道而馳,本文就此展開(kāi)探討,以期為將來(lái)的司法實(shí)踐提供參考。由于杜某冷凍協(xié)議還未介入司法實(shí)踐活動(dòng),將之認(rèn)定為刑事犯罪存在司法舉證的困難,本文認(rèn)為將其認(rèn)定為民事合同欺詐比較適宜。文章共分為四個(gè)部分:第一部分首先以中國(guó)首例冷凍人事例和美國(guó)尼爾森冷凍遺體案切入,闡述了對(duì)高昂費(fèi)用下杜某選擇美國(guó)阿爾科生命延續(xù)基金會(huì)對(duì)其進(jìn)行遺體冷凍的爭(zhēng)議,從中剝離出相關(guān)爭(zhēng)議焦點(diǎn),接著就焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題展開(kāi)論述;第二部分論述首要就美國(guó)阿爾科生命延續(xù)基金會(huì)針對(duì)我國(guó)會(huì)員杜某提供冷凍遺體服務(wù)行為的欺騙性質(zhì)從對(duì)杜某復(fù)活可能性的分析和對(duì)冷凍協(xié)議屬于法律意義上的欺騙的認(rèn)定兩個(gè)方面加以闡釋;在確認(rèn)了當(dāng)前Alcor對(duì)我國(guó)會(huì)員杜某的冷凍遺體的行為屬于欺騙性質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)之上,第三部分就雙方達(dá)成的冷凍協(xié)議從容易給司法實(shí)踐造成混淆的民事上的合同欺詐行為與刑事上的合同詐騙罪進(jìn)行認(rèn)定;第四部分理論上從兩個(gè)視角分別得出合同欺詐與合同詐騙罪的觀點(diǎn),文章最后立足司法實(shí)踐中對(duì)二者的區(qū)分得出Alcor與杜某達(dá)成的冷凍協(xié)議屬于民事上的合同欺詐行為的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:The Arko life foundation of the United States has brought frozen man technology to market and has been recognized by a small number of people, including the first frozen man in China, duo. For this new technology, human support is supported by its development, and it is not opposed to the freedom of scientific research in the laboratory, but it is operated on the market. Behavior, analogous to the case of Nelson's frozen remains in the United States, it is generally believed that Du's freezing agreement is fraudulent. If it is to be allowed, it is not only unable to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the frozen people, but also can not protect the social contract spirit of autonomy. The judicial precedents in the United States can be traced back to the supreme world. In 70s, the theoretical research and legal system of our country were in blank, and the legal norms were urgently needed to restrain them. The frozen agreement reached by Arko's life continuity foundation in the United States would produce the argument on the crime of civil fraud and criminal fraud in the judicial confirmation. The confusion of the two parties would also be with the modern advanced judicature. The idea is in the opposite direction. This article discusses it in order to provide reference for the judicial practice in the future. Because Du Mou's freezing agreement has not intervened in the judicial practice and identified it as the difficulty of judicial proof in criminal crime, this article holds that it is more suitable for the civil contract fraud ratio. The article is divided into four parts: the first part of the first part In the first case of the first example of China's freezer case and the case of Nelson's frozen remains in the United States, the controversy about the choice of the Arko life continuation foundation of the United States on the freezing of the remains under the high cost was expounded, and the focus of the controversy was stripped from it, and then the focus was discussed. The second part discussed the life of Arko in the United States. The deception nature of the continuation Foundation provides frozen remains for our member Du Mou from two aspects of the analysis of the possibility of the resurrection of Du Mou and the identification of the deception in the legal sense of the freezing agreement; and it is confirmed that the behavior of the cold and frozen remains of Alcor, the member of our country, is the basis of the deceit. In the third part, the freezing agreement reached between the two sides is identified from the civil contract fraud and the crime of criminal contract fraud, which is easy to confuse the judicial practice. The fourth part theoretically draws the views of the contract fraud and the contract fraud from two perspectives. Finally, the article is based on the area of the two in the judicial practice. It is concluded that the freezing agreement reached between Alcor and Dumou belongs to the conclusion of civil contract frauds.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:D920.5;D924.3
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