本文選題：立法 + 經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：我國經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)從成立至今，已有逾三十年的光陰，經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展均取得了舉世矚目的成就，成為中國改革開放成功政策的縮影�？偨Y(jié)這段歷史，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)的立法工作在其中起著不可替代的巨大作用。經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)被授予立法權(quán)后，充分利用立法資源優(yōu)勢，以立法促社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)的改革和發(fā)展。以深圳為例，截至2010年底，深圳市人大及其常委會共通過法規(guī)及有關(guān)法規(guī)問題的決定370項(xiàng)，其中特區(qū)法規(guī)243項(xiàng)。在深圳特區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)法規(guī)中，約有三分之一是在國家相關(guān)法律法規(guī)尚未出臺的情況下先行先試的；約有三分之一是根據(jù)特區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制和對外開放的實(shí)際需要，對國家法律法規(guī)進(jìn)行必要的變通、補(bǔ)充和細(xì)化；另約有三分之一是為加強(qiáng)行政法制、環(huán)境保護(hù)、特區(qū)城市管理以及精神文明建設(shè)需要而制定的。其他幾個經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)的情況也基本如此。 如果將經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法放在整個國家法制的發(fā)展來考量的話，經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法有如下特點(diǎn)：一是實(shí)驗(yàn)性，經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法往往在國家相關(guān)立法尚未出臺的情況下先行先試，為建設(shè)和完善我國法制積累了諸多有益的經(jīng)驗(yàn)；二是超前性，經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)承擔(dān)的先行先試的政治和社會責(zé)任，表現(xiàn)在立法工作上就是為更大范圍的甚至全國性的立法提供了經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒；三是影響性，經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)根據(jù)自身經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，制定了許多填補(bǔ)國家立法空白的法規(guī)。經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)最大的優(yōu)勢是體制方面的優(yōu)勢，最重要的資源是改革創(chuàng)新的資源，對全國最大的貢獻(xiàn)是通過改革創(chuàng)新在制度建設(shè)方面現(xiàn)行探路，當(dāng)好排頭兵、試驗(yàn)田。正因?yàn)槿绱�，特區(qū)立法權(quán)成為經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)最大的政策優(yōu)勢，對于開創(chuàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)事業(yè)新局面發(fā)揮著基礎(chǔ)性、根本性的制度平臺作用。對此，經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)要充分發(fā)揮立法優(yōu)勢，切實(shí)用好“雙重立法權(quán)”；同時，司法機(jī)關(guān)也要在司法實(shí)踐中高度重視特區(qū)立法，準(zhǔn)確適用特區(qū)立法裁判案件，維護(hù)好、發(fā)展好經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)的政策優(yōu)勢。 本文共分七章。除第1章緒言和第7章結(jié)束語以外，第2章從經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法的性質(zhì)、歷程和作用切入，對經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法的概念和特征進(jìn)行概述，并對其發(fā)展歷程進(jìn)行劃分階段，進(jìn)而指出經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法在整個國家法制中的地位和作用。第3章對經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法權(quán)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)、深入地分析。梳理了經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)授權(quán)立法權(quán)和地方立法權(quán)的法律淵源，指出其各自的權(quán)限范圍和行使原則；對經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)雙重立法權(quán)的協(xié)調(diào)進(jìn)行分析，指出其改進(jìn)的路徑。第4章檢視現(xiàn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法的程序，分析其在立項(xiàng)、修改等方面存在的問題，提出完善的建議。第5章論述經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法質(zhì)量的提高，評估其立法質(zhì)量的現(xiàn)狀，指出其立法質(zhì)量存在的問題及原因，提出提高其立法質(zhì)量的對策建議。第6章重點(diǎn)論述經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法的適用，包括其效力、司法適用及法律沖突和解決辦法。 首先，系統(tǒng)梳理經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法的概念、性質(zhì)、歷程和作用。我國經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法是整個國家立法體制中的重要組成部分。2000年7月施行的《中華人民共和國立法法》第六十三條還規(guī)定了經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)所在地的市屬于“較大的市”，其人大及其常委會有權(quán)制定地方性法規(guī)；同時，于第六十五條又規(guī)定了經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)的授權(quán)立法權(quán)。這樣，經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)獲得了“雙重立法權(quán)”，一個是制定地方性法規(guī)的一般立法權(quán)（即職權(quán)立法權(quán)），一個是制定經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)法規(guī)的授權(quán)立法權(quán)。在經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法中，“雙權(quán)”立法并行，特別是其中授權(quán)立法概括與模糊性，也引發(fā)了對之合憲性、合法性以及必要性的諸多質(zhì)疑。在“雙重立法權(quán)”的體制之下，如何協(xié)調(diào)授權(quán)立法與職權(quán)立法的關(guān)系，是經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法中不可回避的一個重要問題�？傊�，經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法無論是在國家法治建設(shè)的層面上，還是在對經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)本身的改革發(fā)展上，都具有著極其重要也十分特殊的地位。 其次，專門研究經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法權(quán)的配置，對授權(quán)立法權(quán)和職權(quán)立法權(quán)各自的淵源、特征、權(quán)限范圍和行使原則等進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)梳理和總結(jié)，，提出“雙權(quán)協(xié)調(diào)”的路徑和方法。這里面主要有兩個方面：一是授權(quán)機(jī)關(guān)的立法和被授權(quán)機(jī)關(guān)依據(jù)授權(quán)所立之法其效力等級是相等還是不等？目前理論界存在“相等論”和“不等論”兩說�！跋嗟日摗敝碛墒且婪芍嘘P(guān)于委托與代理之關(guān)系來視同立法中授權(quán)與被授權(quán)之關(guān)系；“不等論”之理由是授權(quán)與被授權(quán)兩個立法主體之地位、層級不同，故其所立之法的位階亦不相同。二是被授權(quán)機(jī)關(guān)的授權(quán)立法與職權(quán)立法其效力等級是不等還是相等。對此理論界也存在著“不等論”與“相等論”兩說�！安坏日摗敝碛墒鞘跈�(quán)立法所授之權(quán)屬于上級機(jī)關(guān)立法權(quán)的組成部分，因而授權(quán)立法的效力等級高于依職權(quán)立法制定的法律規(guī)范的效力等級，因此，授權(quán)立法可以制定“超格”的地方法規(guī)。“相等論”之理由是兩者的立法主體是同一的，其所立之法的位階和效力等級理應(yīng)同一。對此，關(guān)鍵是要解決好經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法機(jī)關(guān)行使“雙重立法權(quán)”時沖突的程序設(shè)置問題，應(yīng)盡早由全國人大或其常委會出臺針對經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法中的權(quán)限問題作出具體規(guī)定。 再次，改進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法的程序制度，檢視其中存在的突出問題。立法活動包括了制定、修改或者廢止法的活動，經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法程序在立法規(guī)劃、起草、審議、表決中都存在諸多問題。有的是由于在立法程序中缺乏某一項(xiàng)原則性的東西，如部門立法的現(xiàn)象就是因?yàn)樵诹⒎ɑ顒又�，立法機(jī)關(guān)的積極性、主動性不夠等；還有的則是因?yàn)槟承┲贫鹊恼w性缺失而導(dǎo)致的，如在立法規(guī)劃、草案起草等階段都存在調(diào)研論證不充分等。為此，本文提出，經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法在程序上要重點(diǎn)做到以下六點(diǎn)：一是增強(qiáng)立法機(jī)關(guān)主導(dǎo)性，淡化行政主導(dǎo)立法的痕跡；二是構(gòu)建完善的調(diào)研制度，強(qiáng)化立法中的實(shí)體性論證；三是建立統(tǒng)一的起草制度，努力提高法規(guī)草案的質(zhì)量；四是進(jìn)一步完善聽證制度，保證公眾參與的渠道暢通；五是完善現(xiàn)行的審議制度，提升審議的質(zhì)量和效率；六是改進(jìn)現(xiàn)行的表決制度，促進(jìn)表決機(jī)制的合理優(yōu)化。 復(fù)次，就提高經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法質(zhì)量提出具體的意見和建議。從總體上看，經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法的質(zhì)量狀況是較好的。但是，由于經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法本身也會受到立法理念、立法體制、立法人員、立法技術(shù)、立法程序等諸多因素的影響，而且在立法實(shí)踐中，這些方面也都需要改進(jìn)。本文提出，要建立經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法質(zhì)量的評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系，在形式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方面要求文本規(guī)范和體系和諧，在實(shí)質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方面則應(yīng)遵循合法性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和合理性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。至于如何提高經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)的立法質(zhì)量，基本的包括五個方面：一要創(chuàng)新立法觀念，二要完善立法程序，三要提高人員素質(zhì)，四要提升立法技術(shù)，五要完善立法監(jiān)督。 最后，對經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法機(jī)關(guān)的適用進(jìn)行具體分析，研究其中存在的法規(guī)沖突問題及其解決路徑。由于經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)所在地的省、市有兩個立法權(quán)，因而特區(qū)立法內(nèi)部也存在矛盾沖突問題。解決這類沖突有兩條思路：一是完善立法的監(jiān)督機(jī)制。省人大在審議批準(zhǔn)特區(qū)人大提交的法規(guī)草案時，應(yīng)考慮與省政府規(guī)章的協(xié)調(diào)一致。若不能協(xié)調(diào)一致，就必須認(rèn)定兩者之中誰合法適當(dāng)，誰不合法不適當(dāng)，從而正確行使撤銷權(quán)與批準(zhǔn)權(quán)。二是改革現(xiàn)行立法體制中的“批準(zhǔn)”制度。因?yàn)檫@種批準(zhǔn)制度存在導(dǎo)致立法主體不明確和效力等級不明確的弊病，成為法規(guī)沖突的重要原因。 在結(jié)束語的部分，就我國經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法發(fā)展提出前瞻性的意見建議，共五條：一是特區(qū)立法要繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持現(xiàn)有立法體制和法律體系；二是要繼續(xù)推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法的民主化、科學(xué)化；三是要不斷強(qiáng)化特區(qū)人大立法中的主導(dǎo)作用；四是特區(qū)立法要在選題及內(nèi)容上突出“特”字；五是要加強(qiáng)特區(qū)立法調(diào)研，借鑒先進(jìn)立法經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:It has been more than thirty years since the establishment of the special economic zones in China. The economic and social development has made remarkable achievements and has become the epitome of the successful policy of China's reform and opening to the outside world. Taking full advantage of the advantages of legislative resources and promoting social and economic reform and development by legislation, by the end of 2010, the Shenzhen Municipal People's Congress and its Standing Committee have adopted 370 items of legislation and related laws and regulations, including 243 special administrative laws and regulations. In the economic regulations of the Shenzhen special Economic Zone, about 1/3 are in the state related laws and regulations. There are about 1/3 of the necessary changes, supplementation and refinement of national laws and regulations, and about 1/3 for strengthening the administrative legal system, environmental protection, urban management and spiritual civilization construction in accordance with the economic system and the actual needs of the opening to the outside world. The situation in several of his special economic zones is also the same.
If the Special Economic Zone legislation is put into consideration of the development of the whole country's legal system, the Special Economic Zone legislation has the following characteristics: first, it is experimental, and the legislation of special economic zones is often first tried in the case of the state related legislation which has not been promulgated, and has accumulated a lot of useful experience for the construction and improvement of our country's legal system; two is the advance and the economy is special. In the legislative work, the political and social responsibility that the district assumes is to provide experience for the wider and even national legislation; three is the influence. According to its own economic and social development, the special economic zone has formulated many regulations to fill the blank of the national legislation. The greatest advantage of the special economic zone is the institutional side. The most important resource is to reform and innovate the resources, and the greatest contribution to the whole country is to explore the current way through the reform and innovation in the system construction, and be the most important policy advantage in the special economic zone, which is fundamental and fundamental to the new situation of the special economic zone. In this regard, the special economic zones should give full play to the advantages of the legislation and cut the "double legislative power". At the same time, the judicial organs should attach great importance to the legislation of the special economic zones in the judicial practice, to apply the case of the legislative referees in the special economic zones, to maintain good and to develop the advantages of the special economic zones.
This article is divided into seven chapters. In addition to the introduction of the first chapter and the end of the seventh chapter, the second chapter outlines the concept and characteristics of the Special Economic Zone legislation from the nature, course and role of the Special Economic Zone legislation, and divides the development process of the special economic zone, and then points out the status and role of the legislation of special economic zones in the whole country's legal system. The third chapter is on the seven chapters. The legislative power of the special economic zone is detailed and deeply analyzed. It combs the legal origin of the authorized and local legislative powers of the special economic zones, points out the scope and principles of their respective rights, analyzes the coordination of the dual legislative power of the special economic zones, and points out the way for its improvement. The fourth chapter examines the procedures of the current economic Special Economic Zone legislation and analyzes its procedures. In the fifth chapter, the improvement of the quality of the Special Economic Zone legislation, the current situation of assessing the quality of its legislation, the problems and causes of its legislative quality are discussed, and the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to improve the quality of its legislation. The sixth chapter focuses on the application of the Special Economic Zone legislation, including its effectiveness and judicature. Applicable and legal conflicts and solutions.
First, the concept, nature, course and function of the Special Economic Zone legislation are systematically combed. The legislation of the Special Economic Zone in China is an important part of the whole national legislative system, the sixty-third article of the People's Republic of China legislative law, which was implemented in July, also stipulates that the city where the special economic zone is located belongs to the "big city", its size and its Standing Committee. There will be the right to formulate local laws and regulations; at the same time, the sixty-fifth article also stipulates the authority to authorize the special economic zones. In this way, the special economic zones have obtained the "double legislative power", one is the general legislative power to formulate local laws and regulations (i.e., the authority to establish the right), and the other is the authorized legislative power to formulate special economic zones. In the Special Economic Zone legislation, The parallelism of "double rights" legislation, especially the generalizations and fuzziness of the authorized legislation, has also raised many questions about the constitutionality, legitimacy and necessity of the legislation. Under the system of "double legislative power", how to coordinate the relationship between the authorized legislation and the power legislation is an important issue in the legislation of the special economic zone. In a word, the economy is an important issue. The legislation of the special economic zone has an extremely important and special position on the level of national rule of law and the reform and development of the special economic zone itself.
Secondly, it studies the configuration of the legislative power of the special economic zones, and systematically combs and summarizes the origin, characteristics, scope of authority and exercise principles of legislative powers of authorized legislative powers and powers, and puts forward the ways and methods of "coordination of double rights". There are two main aspects in this: first, the legislation of the authorized organs and the authorized organs are taught in accordance with the instruction. Is the level of the validity of the law equal or unequal? There are two theories of equality and inequality in the current theoretical circle. The reason for "equality" is the relationship between authorization and agency in law and the relationship between authorization and authorization in legislation; the theory of "inequality" is the place of authorization and authorization of the two legislative bodies. Position is different, so the rank of the law is different. Two is the power level of authorized legislation and power legislation of the authorized organ is different or equal. There are "inequality theory" and "equality theory" two. The reason of "inequality theory" is that the right of the authorized legislation belongs to the legislative power of the superior organs. As a result, the level of the effectiveness of the authorized legislation is higher than that of the legal norms formulated by the powers and powers. Therefore, the authorizing legislation can formulate the "superlattice" local regulations. The reason for the "equality theory" is that the legislative body of the two is the same, and the rank and effect rank of the law should be the same. The key is to solve the problem. The procedure setting of the conflict in the legislative organs of the special economic zones should be set up by the NPC or its Standing Committee as early as possible to make specific provisions on the rights of the Special Economic Zone legislation.
Thirdly, we should improve the procedural system of the Special Economic Zone legislation and examine the outstanding problems in it. The legislative activities include the activities to formulate, modify or abolish the law. There are many problems in the legislative programming, drafting, deliberation and voting of the special economic zone. Some are due to the lack of a certain principle in the legislative process, such as the Department. The phenomenon of the gate legislation is because in the legislative activities, the legislative body's enthusiasm and initiative are not enough, and there are also the lack of the system as a whole, such as the insufficient research and demonstration in the stage of legislative planning, draft drafting and so on. Therefore, this article puts forward that the Special Economic Zone legislation should be focused on the procedure. The following six points: one is to strengthen the leadership of the legislature and weaken the traces of the administrative leading legislation; two, to build a perfect research system and to strengthen the substantive argument in the legislation; three, to establish a unified drafting system and to improve the quality of the draft regulations; four, to further improve the hearing system and to ensure the open channel of public participation; five It is to improve the current deliberative system and improve the quality and efficiency of deliberation; six, to improve the existing voting system and promote the rational optimization of voting mechanism.
On the whole, the quality of the Special Economic Zone legislation is better. However, because of the Special Economic Zone legislation itself will also be influenced by many factors such as legislative idea, legislative system, legislature, legislative technology, legislative procedure and so on, and in the legislative practice, Some aspects also need to be improved. In this paper, we propose to establish a standard system for the evaluation of the quality of the legislation of special economic zones, to require the standard of text and the harmony of the system in the form standard, and to follow the legal standard and the standard of rationality in the substantive standard. As to how to improve the legislative quality of the special economic zone, the basic includes five aspects: 1 To innovate the concept of legislation, two, we should improve the legislative procedure, three improve the quality of personnel, four enhance the legislative technology, and five, improve the supervision of legislation.
Finally, the application of the Special Economic Zone legislature is analyzed in detail, and the existing legal conflicts and solutions are studied. Because of the province where the special economic zone is located, there are two legislative powers in the city. Therefore, there are also contradictions and conflicts in the legislation of the special economic zone. There are two ways to solve these conflicts: one is to improve the supervision mechanism of the legislation. When examining and approving the draft regulations submitted by the people's Congress of the special economic zone, the provincial people's Congress should consider the coordination with the provincial government rules and regulations. If not harmonized, it is necessary to determine who is legal and appropriate, who is not legal and inappropriate, so that the right to revocation and approval should be exercised correctly. Two is the "approval" system in the reform of the current legislative system. The existence of the approval system leads to the fact that the main body of legislation is not clear and the level of effectiveness is not clear.
In the part of the concluding remarks, there are five forward and forward suggestions on the development of the Special Economic Zone legislation in China. One is that the legislation of the special economic zone should continue to adhere to the existing legislative system and the legal system; the two is to continue to promote the democratization and scientification of the Special Economic Zone legislation; and the three is to strengthen the leading role of the legislature of the people's Congress of the special economic zone; four The legislation of the special zone should highlight the word "special" in the topics and contents. Five, we should strengthen the research on the legislation of the Special Administrative Region and learn from the advanced legislative experience.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D920.0

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 李宣;珠海橫琴新區(qū)的立法問題研究[D];廣州大學(xué);2013年

2 王艷波;經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)立法對法律的變通[D];廈門大學(xué);2014年

本文編號：1934481