本文選題：實(shí)踐思維 + 法治　； 參考：《河北經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：實(shí)踐是人類(lèi)特有的存在方式和生存狀態(tài),以實(shí)踐的思維方式去思考當(dāng)下的法律問(wèn)題,就是要我們以理性的方式并用行動(dòng)的態(tài)度對(duì)待法律的生存狀態(tài)和存在方式。中國(guó)的法治建設(shè)從口號(hào)的提出到具體的實(shí)施已經(jīng)走了一段路程,而現(xiàn)有法治的思維方式是否是真正適合我們的,是否真的能夠達(dá)到我們預(yù)想的法治還值得商榷。隨著人類(lèi)社會(huì)實(shí)踐的發(fā)展,以人的實(shí)踐為核心的時(shí)代命題已經(jīng)全面發(fā)展起來(lái),這當(dāng)然也包括法治的建設(shè),法治的完善離不開(kāi)人得實(shí)踐,離不開(kāi)行動(dòng)的立法、司法,法律只有在實(shí)踐中得以運(yùn)用才會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)制定法律的目的,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)法律的價(jià)值所在。而在實(shí)踐思維的視域下去思考法治的完善問(wèn)題,需要我們培養(yǎng)一種實(shí)踐的智慧,這種實(shí)踐智慧也并不是一朝一夕就能夠建立的,它需要一種人文精神的培養(yǎng),以及將人作為一種目的性的追求,去關(guān)懷人,從而達(dá)到一種真正的善。 實(shí)踐思維視域下去指引中國(guó)法治并沒(méi)用試圖去形成一種理論體系,也并沒(méi)有去否認(rèn)當(dāng)下的法律理論體系,因?yàn)槊恳环N法律理論的盛行畢竟會(huì)存在一定的歷史背景,而實(shí)踐思維下的法治建設(shè)正是要讓我們行動(dòng)起來(lái),以一種行動(dòng)思維,實(shí)踐的精神去實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的法治。實(shí)踐思維是深入事物的本性的思維方法,它關(guān)注事物的發(fā)展過(guò)程中所呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)的一種自身所存在的發(fā)展規(guī)律,而且對(duì)法治的實(shí)踐中體現(xiàn)了一種人的主體性,這就是主體與客體的統(tǒng)一,我們?cè)诎盐諏?shí)踐思維時(shí)一定要注重理解這種統(tǒng)一的存在。根據(jù)這樣的思維方式結(jié)合我國(guó)當(dāng)前的法學(xué)理論,我們可以看到權(quán)利本位論事實(shí)上是一種構(gòu)造論的法治模式,而構(gòu)造論的法治發(fā)展進(jìn)路必定是向著一種法典式的方向發(fā)展,那這種思維模式下的法治建設(shè)必定會(huì)存在一種單純的主觀(guān)主義,因?yàn)榉ㄖ尾皇莾H僅靠單純的立法和法律的移植來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),它需要的是法治的實(shí)踐者以一種內(nèi)在論的視角去真正理解法治。而本土資源論確實(shí)看到了法治發(fā)展中關(guān)注本土的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活,因而是從中國(guó)的現(xiàn)實(shí)出發(fā)去考慮法治應(yīng)當(dāng)如何發(fā)展,這在一定意義上是符合中國(guó)法治建設(shè)的需要的,但實(shí)際上作為研究者而言他還是僅僅站在實(shí)踐活動(dòng)之外對(duì)法治的進(jìn)場(chǎng)觀(guān)察,而沒(méi)有將自身真正融入到法治發(fā)展進(jìn)程中去考察法治的發(fā)展機(jī)制,由此可見(jiàn)本土資源論具有片面性,單純注重客觀(guān),而忽視了主觀(guān)的在場(chǎng)化特征。而實(shí)踐思維真正的以一種內(nèi)在的視角,并以一種情景化的態(tài)度去關(guān)注法治,避免了向兩極思維的發(fā)展,以一種中介化的思維方式去思考中國(guó)的法治建設(shè)。 實(shí)踐思維作為一種中介化的思維模式,其特點(diǎn)是擯棄了兩極思維方式,以一種中道的態(tài)度去平衡主體與客體,能動(dòng)與被動(dòng),精神與物質(zhì)之間的關(guān)系,進(jìn)而用中介化思維輔助與法治的實(shí)踐中,避免在法治的建設(shè)中單純的主體化和單純的客體化,形成一種主體和客體的融合,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)法治追求的價(jià)值。實(shí)踐思維視域下的中國(guó)法治建設(shè),首先需要以實(shí)踐辯證法作為其法治建設(shè)的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)要求具有人法并重的法治前提,人法并重的思想理念就是要求我們?cè)诜ㄖ蔚拿總�(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都要真正將人作為目的去對(duì)待,建立一種讓人快樂(lè),讓社會(huì)安定有序的法治社會(huì)才是最終的目的�；趯�(shí)踐思維視域下對(duì)法治建設(shè)確立的原則,我們?cè)诟倪M(jìn)法治建設(shè)中就應(yīng)該培育公民的法治意識(shí),讓公民在尊重法律的前提下自覺(jué)的形成規(guī)則意識(shí)；把握普遍與具體的關(guān)系,在普遍正義的基礎(chǔ)上力求一種具體的正義；同時(shí),主體與客體的互動(dòng)是在不斷否定法律發(fā)展規(guī)律下實(shí)現(xiàn)法治；制度的改進(jìn)必須在立法、執(zhí)法、司法和守法四個(gè)方面有機(jī)的結(jié)合起來(lái),推動(dòng)法治的進(jìn)程。 實(shí)踐思維下法治是一種行動(dòng),只有行動(dòng),才能最終實(shí)現(xiàn)法治的目標(biāo)。實(shí)踐思維下的法治終究要通過(guò)行動(dòng),而不是口號(hào)去完成,行動(dòng)是實(shí)踐法學(xué)的基本精神。我們不能否定事物前進(jìn)的曲折性,越是曲折的,越是要在行動(dòng)中才能克服,所以說(shuō)如果沒(méi)有法治的行動(dòng)就不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)法治的理想。
[Abstract]:Practice is the unique way and state of existence of human beings. To think of the current legal problems in a practical way of thinking is to treat the state of existence and the way of existence in a rational way and in the attitude of action. The construction of the rule of law in China has gone a long way from the proposition of the slogan to the implement of the law, and the existing law is already taken. Whether the thinking mode of governance is really suitable for us and whether it really can reach the rule of law we expected is still open to discussion. With the development of human social practice, the proposition of the times with human practice as the core has been fully developed, which, of course, includes the construction of the rule of law. The perfection of the rule of law can not be separated from the practice of human beings and inseparable from action. It is only in practice that legislation, judicature, and law can be used in practice to realize the purpose of law making, and to realize the value of the law. But in the field of practical thinking, thinking about the perfection of the rule of law requires us to cultivate a practical wisdom, and this practical wisdom is not able to be established overnight, and it needs a person. The cultivation of the spirit of literature, and the pursuit of human beings as a purpose, care for people, so as to achieve a real good.
The view of practical thinking leads to the rule of law in China and does not attempt to form a theoretical system, nor does it deny the present legal theory system, because the prevalence of every legal theory will have a certain historical background, and the construction of the rule of law under practical thinking is to let us act, practice and practice. The spirit of the practice is to realize the true rule of law. Practical thinking is a way of thinking deep into the nature of things. It pays attention to the law of development that is present in the course of the development of things, and embodies a kind of human subjectivity in the practice of the rule of law. This is the unity of the subject and the object, and we are in the grasp of the practical thinking. We should pay attention to understanding the existence of this unity. According to this way of thinking, we can see that the theory of right standard is in fact a model of the rule of law in the theory of tectonics, and the development approach of the rule of law in the structure theory must be directed towards a kind of codification direction, and the construction of the rule of law under this mode of thinking must be built. There is a simple subjectivism, because the rule of law is not only realized by the transplantation of simple legislation and law. It needs the practitioner of the rule of law to truly understand the rule of law with an intrinsic perspective. And the theory of native resources does see the real life of the soil in the development of the rule of law, thus it is from the reality of China. To consider how the rule of law should develop, which is in a sense in line with the needs of the construction of the rule of law in China, but in fact, as a researcher, he is still only standing outside the practice of observing the rule of law, and does not really integrate itself into the development process of the rule of law to examine the development mechanism of the rule of law. The theory of resources is one-sided, simply pays attention to objectivity, but neglects the subjective characteristics of the presence, while practical thinking is truly focused on the rule of law with an internal perspective and a situational attitude, avoiding the development of the two polar thinking, and thinking of the construction of the rule of law in China with a mediating way of thinking.
As an intermediary thinking mode, practical thinking is characterized by abandoning the two polar thinking mode, balancing the subject and the object, the relationship between the initiative and the passivity, the spirit and the material, and in the practice of intermediary thinking assisting and the rule of law, and avoiding the simple subjectivity and simple guest in the construction of the rule of law. In order to achieve the value of the rule of law, the construction of the rule of law in China under the view of practical thinking needs to take practice dialectics as the philosophical basis for the construction of the rule of law. At the same time, it requires the premise of the rule of law with both human law and law, and the idea of human law and heavy thought is to require each of us in the rule of law. It is the ultimate goal that the link should be truly treated as the purpose, and the ultimate goal is to establish a social and orderly society that allows people to be happy and orderly. Based on the principle of establishing the rule of law under the view of practical thinking, we should cultivate citizens' consciousness of the rule of law in the construction of the rule of law and let the citizens conscientious under the premise of respect for the law. To form a sense of rule, grasp the relationship between the general and the concrete, and strive for a kind of concrete justice on the basis of universal justice; at the same time, the interaction between the subject and the object is to realize the rule of law under the constant negation of the law of law development; the improvement of the system must be organically combined in the four aspects of legislation, law enforcement, judicature and law-abiding, and promote the progress of the rule of law. Cheng.
Under practical thinking, the rule of law is a kind of action. Only action can ultimately achieve the goal of the rule of law. In practice, the rule of law must be accomplished through action, not a slogan. Action is the basic spirit of practice law. We can not deny the zigzag of the progress of things, the more folded, the more we can overcome it in action, so say as if Without the action of the rule of law, it is impossible to achieve the ideal of rule by law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D920.0

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