發(fā)布時間：2018-05-17 18:40

  本文選題：公共法律案件 + “國家—社會”框架　； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：本文的研究整體思路是建立在對“國家——社會”框架的反思和應(yīng)用上�！皣摇鐣笨蚣茏陨鲜兰o(jì)九十年代由國內(nèi)學(xué)者從國外引介到對中國問題的研究上，一時間，研究之勢蔚為大觀，但因為社會層面力量的缺失，公共領(lǐng)域概念適用上的瓶頸，國家社會二者關(guān)系處理一度使得對此框架的研究陷入到尷尬的困境之中，均成為我國“國家—社會”框架研究的理論難點(diǎn)所在。筆者擬提出新的研究范疇“公共法律案件”，認(rèn)為公共法律案件在中國語境下二元公共領(lǐng)域結(jié)構(gòu)中生成，從立法和司法上推動了“國家——社會”的良性互動，是我國“回應(yīng)型法治”的有效實踐。本文主要分為五個部分： 第一章提出公共法律案件這一新的概念，近年來發(fā)生的諸如許霆案、鄧玉嬌案、黃靜案、藥家鑫案等一系列案件從司法領(lǐng)域進(jìn)入到公共領(lǐng)域，引起了公眾的廣泛關(guān)注和評論，學(xué)界對此也有相關(guān)的研究。但從研究現(xiàn)狀來看，學(xué)界并未達(dá)成任何理論上的共識，也缺乏宏觀研究上的提煉。筆者在開篇提出“公共法律案件”作為此類案件的概括，進(jìn)而說明為什么選用公共法律案件，公共法律案件的定義、特征以及公共法律案件的類型。同時，筆者強(qiáng)調(diào)“公共法律案件”作為一個理論概念的提出并不是本文最終的目的和結(jié)果，而是將其作為研究中國社會與法律層面緊張關(guān)系的概念性工具。正如韋伯在對社會行為理想類型所設(shè)定的那樣。因此在進(jìn)行現(xiàn)實解釋之時，對公共法律案件不可能作出嚴(yán)格意義上的劃分，近年來發(fā)生的如吳英案、許霆案、鄧玉嬌案、彭宇案、黃靜案、胡斌案、崔英杰案等都可以納入到公共法律案件的范圍之內(nèi)。 第二章以對“國家——社會”框架/公共領(lǐng)域理論的理論反思為基礎(chǔ)，提出二元公共領(lǐng)域。“國家——社會”框架/公共領(lǐng)域理論自引介入中國之后，遭遇到這一研究范式不能用于解釋中國的尷尬境地，其中社會力量的缺失和孱弱和良性互動論中的路徑構(gòu)建成為中國“國家——社會”框架研究的理論瓶頸。在筆者看來，網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會的出現(xiàn)為社會層面力量的發(fā)展注入了新的活力，成為“國家——社會”良性互動的推動力。同時，對于西方經(jīng)典的公共領(lǐng)域理論筆者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該持有更加審慎的態(tài)度，中國的公共領(lǐng)域自產(chǎn)生到發(fā)展演變到現(xiàn)階段傳統(tǒng)公共領(lǐng)域與網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域二元結(jié)構(gòu)性，表現(xiàn)出不同于西方經(jīng)驗的特征。中國的公共領(lǐng)域存在于國家與社會之間，國家與社會均在場，是國家和社會活動兩個領(lǐng)域相互滲透的巨大交疊的區(qū)域，既不屬于國家，也不屬于社會，是國家和社會的共同參與。 第三章借助于梅麗教授在《訴訟的話語》一書中對糾紛的意義解釋，從公共法律案件中的三類社會行動者對許霆案進(jìn)行了意義解釋，根據(jù)德國教授菲利普教授（PhilipKunig）對社會行動者（social actor）的解釋，社會行動者是不擔(dān)任任何國家公職，不代表國家，不屬于政府或者不隸屬于政府的行政機(jī)構(gòu)，不是立法機(jī)構(gòu)也不接受國家司法機(jī)關(guān)的任何委托。在筆者看來，公共法律案件中的社會行動者包括當(dāng)事人、媒體和公眾，他們均從自己的角度出發(fā)對案件作出了意義解釋，并在公共領(lǐng)域形成了公眾的話語文本，公眾自由表達(dá)對公共法律案件的看法、觀點(diǎn)和意見，積極熱情投身到公共法律案件的解釋和重構(gòu)中，是權(quán)利意識(參與意識、監(jiān)督意識)、義務(wù)意識(法律意識、責(zé)任意識)的自覺，是公民精神的彰顯。 第四章在對社會行動者在公共法律案件中的行為進(jìn)行了意義解釋后，筆者將目光轉(zhuǎn)投向國家，國家對公共法律案件進(jìn)行的解釋，是國家基于公共領(lǐng)域話語文本表達(dá)出的利益、訴求的應(yīng)答和認(rèn)同，，筆者認(rèn)為這是一種選擇性的國家回應(yīng)：對于一部分公共法律案件僅局限在司法層面，如許霆案、劉涌案的改判；部分公共法律案件導(dǎo)至的是國家立法層面的變化或者是法律的解釋，如孫志剛案引起收容制度的廢止到國家救助條例的實施，如彭宇案引發(fā)了各地見義勇為條例的修訂。從內(nèi)在性結(jié)構(gòu)來看，公共法律案件中國家的回應(yīng)又可以分為三個階段：第一階段表現(xiàn)國家對公共法律案件中體現(xiàn)出來的利益、訴求、期望的認(rèn)知和判斷；第二個階段是國家依據(jù)一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則、價值取向?qū)卜砂讣鞒鲈u價和認(rèn)可；第三階段是國家回應(yīng)的作出。這三個階段所體現(xiàn)出來的是一個連續(xù)的遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系和發(fā)展的過程。國家對公共法律案件的回應(yīng)正是國家同公眾話語文本利益表達(dá)上達(dá)到了動態(tài)契合，是國家在我國現(xiàn)代化法治建設(shè)過程中對我國法治生態(tài)環(huán)境出現(xiàn)的某種格局失衡進(jìn)行的一種“糾偏”，同時，國家正是通過這種“糾偏”在“網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會/社會”的同構(gòu)發(fā)育的獲得正當(dāng)性。 第五章通過對“公共法律案件”這類案件產(chǎn)生、發(fā)生的內(nèi)在規(guī)律揭示，透過司法過程總結(jié)我國當(dāng)代轉(zhuǎn)型時期法律和社會緊張與互動關(guān)系無疑對于建設(shè)社會主義法治國家有著十分重要的理論意義和實踐意義。在揭示了公共法律案件的定義、內(nèi)涵、特征、產(chǎn)生的社會背景、怎樣產(chǎn)生以及產(chǎn)生過程和國家的選擇性回應(yīng)后。公共法律案件這一范疇的提出作為我國的司法資源，對法官判決生成、對司法改革、對司法知識傳播進(jìn)程具有重大的推進(jìn)作用，同時公共法律案件作為普法的新路徑在“國家——社會”良性互動下的普法相對于傳統(tǒng)的國家向社會單向灌輸?shù)钠辗窂剑娫谄渲邪l(fā)揮的作用加強(qiáng)，國家的普法政策、計劃也相對更加科學(xué)，單向的普法灌輸變成了雙方互動下的普法。在對法律職業(yè)共同體的構(gòu)建上，公共法律案件的出現(xiàn)對檢察官、律師以及其他實踐法律人的職業(yè)化要求也相應(yīng)的提高，并為法律職業(yè)共同體內(nèi)部實踐法律人和學(xué)術(shù)法律人之間整合提供了契機(jī)。對現(xiàn)階段我國法學(xué)教育出現(xiàn)的一些問題之解決上也存在不少啟發(fā)。同時，公共法律案件平衡了規(guī)則性和靈活性，彌補(bǔ)了因為過度強(qiáng)調(diào)形式法治而流失的“實質(zhì)正義”，從某種程度上來說，公共法律案件是國家回應(yīng)型法治的有效實踐。
[Abstract]:The whole idea of this study is based on the reflection and application of the framework of "state society". The framework of "state and society" has been introduced from foreign scholars from abroad to China in the 90s of the last century. With the application of the bottleneck, the treatment of the relationship between the two parties of the state society has once made the study of this framework into an awkward predicament, which has become the theoretical difficulty of the research on the framework of "state society" in China. The author proposes a new research category "public legal cases", which holds that public legal cases are two yuan public leaders in the Chinese context. The formation of the domain structure has promoted the benign interaction between the state and the society from legislation and judicature. It is an effective practice of the "response to the rule of law" in China. This article is divided into five parts.
The first chapter puts forward the new concept of public legal case. In recent years, a series of cases, such as Xu Ting case, Deng Yujiao case, Huang Jing case, Yao Jiaxin case and a series of cases from the judicial field into the public domain, have aroused widespread public concern and comment, and the academic circles also have related research. But from the present situation of the study, the academic circles have not reached anything. The author puts forward "public legal cases" as a summary of such cases in the beginning, and then explains why public legal cases are selected, the definition and characteristics of public legal cases, and the types of public legal cases. At the same time, the author emphasizes "public legal cases" as a reason. It is not the ultimate purpose and result of this article, but a conceptual tool to study the tension in the social and legal aspects of China. As Webb set up the ideal type of social behavior, it is impossible to make a strict division of public legal cases in a realistic explanation. In recent years, such cases as Wu Ying, Xu Ting, Deng Yujiao, Peng Yu, Huang Jing, Hu Bin and Cui Yingjie can be included in the scope of public legal cases.
The second chapter, based on the theoretical reflection of the "state society" framework / public domain theory, puts forward the two yuan public domain. After the "state society" framework / public domain theory has intervened in China, this research paradigm cannot be used to explain the embarrassing situation in China, in which the lack of social power and weakness and good The path construction in the theory of sexual interaction has become the theoretical bottleneck of the study of China's "state society" framework. In my view, the emergence of the network society has injected new vitality into the development of the social level, and becomes the driving force of the benign interaction of "state society". At the same time, the author thinks that the author of the western classical public domain theory should be the motive force. It holds a more prudent attitude. China's public domain has evolved from its generation to development to the current stage of two yuan structure in the traditional public domain and the network public domain, showing the characteristics different from the western experience. The public domain in China exists in the presence of the state and society, the state and the society, and the two fields of national and social activities. The huge overlapping area of mutual infiltration is neither a state nor a society. It is a joint participation of the state and society.
The third chapter, with the help of Professor Yu Meili's interpretation of the meaning of the dispute in the discourse of the lawsuit, explains the significance of the three social actors in the public legal case to the case of Xu Ting. According to Professor Philip of Germany (PhilipKunig) to the social actor (social actor), the social actors do not hold any public duty in any country. It does not represent the state, does not belong to the government or does not belong to the government, nor does the legislature do not accept any entrustment of the state judiciary. In my opinion, the social actors in the public legal case include the parties, the media and the public, all of them make a meaningful interpretation of the case from their own point of view and are in public. The public's discourse text is formed in the field. The public freely expresses views, views and opinions on public legal cases, and actively devote himself to the interpretation and reconstruction of public legal cases. It is the consciousness of rights (consciousness of participation, consciousness of supervision), consciousness of obligation (legal consciousness and responsibility consciousness), which is the manifestation of the spirit of citizenship.
In the fourth chapter, after explaining the behavior of the social actors in the public legal cases, the author turns his eyes to the state, and the state's interpretation of the public legal cases is the response and approval of the state based on the discourse text of the public domain, the response and approval of the appeal. I think this is a kind of selective national response: Some public legal cases are limited to the judicial level, such as the Xu Ting case and Liu Chung case. Some public legal cases lead to the changes in the national legislative level or the interpretation of the law, such as the abolition of the Sun Zhigang case to the implementation of the state assistance regulations, such as the Peng Yu case triggering the rules of justice in all parts of the country. In terms of the internal structure, the response of the Chinese family in the public legal case can be divided into three stages: the first stage shows the state's interest, the appeal, the expectation and the judgment embodied in the public legal cases; the second stage is the evaluation of the public legal cases on the basis of a certain standard, standard and value orientation. Price and approval; the third stage is the state response. The three stages reflect a continuous progressive relationship and the process of development. The state's response to public legal cases is a dynamic agreement between the state and the public discourse text interest, and is the state in the process of the construction of the rule of law in our country. There is a kind of "rectifying" in a certain pattern of imbalance in the ecological environment of the country's rule of law. At the same time, the state is justified by the development of the "rectification" in the "network society / society".
The fifth chapter reveals the inherent law of the emergence of such cases as "public legal cases". It is undoubtedly of great theoretical and practical significance to the construction of a socialist country under the rule of law through the judicial process, which is undoubtedly of great theoretical and practical significance to the construction of a socialist country under the rule of law. The definition, connotation, characteristics, social background, how to produce and produce process and the selective response of the state. The scope of the public legal case, as the judicial resources of our country, the judgment of judges, the judicial reform, the process of the dissemination of judicial knowledge, has a significant role in promoting the process of the dissemination of judicial knowledge. The new path of law, under the positive interaction of "state and society", is relative to the traditional way of instilling unidirectional law from the traditional state to the society. The public's role in it is strengthened. The policy of the general law of the state is relatively more scientific, and the unidirectional instillation of the law has become a common law under the interaction of the two parties. On the basis of the construction, the emergence of public legal cases also improves the professionalization of the procurators, lawyers and other practical legal persons, and provides an opportunity for the integration of legal persons and academic legal persons in the legal profession community. There are also many inspirations for the solution of some problems in the present stage of law education in China. At the same time, public legal cases balance the rules and flexibility, and make up for the "substantive justice" lost because of overemphasizing the form of the rule of law. To some extent, the public legal case is an effective practice of the state's response to the rule of law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D90

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 韓春暉;;軟法的未來:走向回應(yīng)型法——以協(xié)商民主的理論和實踐為背景[J];保定學(xué)院學(xué)報;2008年01期

2 許章潤;《法治及其本土資源》隨談[J];比較法研究;1997年01期

3 范鐘秀;;合作與對抗之間——中國影響性訴訟影響公共秩序方式的初步研究[J];長春理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2008年04期

4 徐文星;;警察選擇性執(zhí)法之規(guī)范[J];法律科學(xué)(西北政法大學(xué)學(xué)報);2008年03期

5 江必新;;論實質(zhì)法治主義背景下的司法審查[J];法律科學(xué)(西北政法大學(xué)學(xué)報);2011年06期

6 姚建宗;;當(dāng)代中國的社會法治教育反思[J];大慶師范學(xué)院學(xué)報;2011年04期

7 彭濤;楊勉;;論傳統(tǒng)媒體與網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體的融合[J];四川文理學(xué)院學(xué)報;2010年05期

8 謝暉;當(dāng)代中國的鄉(xiāng)民社會、鄉(xiāng)規(guī)民約及其遭遇[J];東岳論叢;2004年04期

9 李長城;;淺談法律診所教育的困境與對策[J];湖北社會科學(xué);2011年08期

10 孫笑俠,李學(xué)堯;論法律職業(yè)共同體自治的條件[J];法學(xué);2004年04期

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前2條

1 司法部部長 張福森;[N];人民日報;2001年

2 王利明;[N];人民日報;2002年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 朱麗峰;論網(wǎng)絡(luò)民意與政府回應(yīng)[D];吉林大學(xué);2010年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 王慶英;網(wǎng)絡(luò)論壇中的公民精神探析[D];北京郵電大學(xué);2007年

本文編號：1902432