本文選題：安樂死 + 立法�。� 參考：《中國政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：安樂死作為一個熱點話題,所涵蓋的內(nèi)容極為復(fù)雜,它不僅涉及到哲學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)、法學(xué)、宗教、倫理學(xué)等等多門學(xué)科,而且還牽涉到醫(yī)生、病人、家庭、社會等多方面的關(guān)系,所以在學(xué)術(shù)界尚存在著許多爭議。本文通過對安樂死在法律層面上進(jìn)行的系統(tǒng)論述,提出了中國在現(xiàn)行條件下為安樂死立法的可行的建議。 首先,本文從安樂死的定義入手,選取幾個具有代表性的定義,引出了安樂死的概念,并闡述了定義中應(yīng)包含的基本要素的觀點。然后經(jīng)過對諸多資料的分析,對學(xué)術(shù)界普遍接受的基本分類方法進(jìn)行了概括性描述,理清了安樂死分類的大致脈絡(luò)。在本文第二章,先是通過對國際上主要國家和地區(qū)的安樂死合法化進(jìn)程的介紹闡明了安樂死的合法化符合國際立法潮流。然后通過大量的例證說明,中國在臨床、行政、司法等領(lǐng)域因為缺乏統(tǒng)一的規(guī)范性指引,導(dǎo)致各個領(lǐng)域之間,甚至一個領(lǐng)域內(nèi)部,對待安樂死問題會產(chǎn)生不同的處理結(jié)果。較為混亂的現(xiàn)狀,對我國的法制統(tǒng)一性和法律權(quán)威性造成了不利影響。因此筆者認(rèn)為安樂死在中國立法具有必要性。隨后本文針對安樂死在我國立法已經(jīng)具備了堅實的社會基礎(chǔ)和充分的法理基礎(chǔ),對安樂死立法可行性做了充分論證。在社會基礎(chǔ)方面,文章列舉了我國多年來關(guān)于安樂死問題的探討歷程,并以數(shù)據(jù)說明了民眾的壓倒性的支持態(tài)度。在法理基礎(chǔ)方面,文章從有限的死亡權(quán)是權(quán)利主體生命權(quán)的重要內(nèi)容、在特定情況下自然權(quán)利可被人為干預(yù)、個體對生存權(quán)的放棄或放任為社會所允許、人類有權(quán)對生命的自然進(jìn)程進(jìn)行積極或消極干預(yù)、醫(yī)患關(guān)系的法理學(xué)審視、安樂死不具有刑事違法性等幾個方面,為我國安樂死立法提出了較為堅實的理論基礎(chǔ)。在第三章,本文首先結(jié)合對具有一定代表性的荷蘭《依請求終止生命與幫助自殺(審查程序)法》、臺灣地區(qū)《安寧緩和醫(yī)療條例》以及祝世訥、馮秀云、梁中天等學(xué)者起草的《安樂死暫行條例(草案建議稿)》的內(nèi)容比較分析,從安樂死的適用對象、安樂死的申請主體、安樂死的實施主體、安樂死的施行方式、安樂死的實施目的、安樂死的配套制度、安樂死的監(jiān)督管理出發(fā),在安樂死的立法內(nèi)容上提出了獨到的,詳盡的,具有可操作性的建議。最后部分,本文在安樂死的立法層級以及與其他法律的銜接方面,提出了具體的看法。
[Abstract]:Euthanasia, as a hot topic, covers a very complex content. It not only involves philosophy, medicine, law, religion, ethics, and so on, but also involves the relationship between doctors, patients, families, society, and so on. So there are still many controversies in academia. Based on the systematic discussion of euthanasia on the legal level, this paper puts forward some feasible suggestions for China to legislate for euthanasia under the present conditions. First of all, this paper starts with the definition of euthanasia, selects several representative definitions, leads to the concept of euthanasia, and expounds the viewpoint of the basic elements that should be included in the definition. Then, through the analysis of many data, the basic classification methods generally accepted in academic circles are described in a general way, and the general context of euthanasia classification is clarified. In the second chapter, the legalization process of euthanasia in major countries and regions in the world is introduced. The legalization of euthanasia accords with the trend of international legislation. Then through a large number of examples, China in the clinical, administrative, judicial and other fields because of the lack of unified normative guidance, leading to each field, even within a field, the treatment of euthanasia will produce different results. The confused situation has adversely affected the unity and authority of our country's legal system. Therefore, the author believes that euthanasia in China has the necessity of legislation. Then this article has already had the solid social foundation and the sufficient legal theory foundation to euthanasia legislation in our country, has made the sufficient demonstration to the euthanasia legislation feasibility. In the aspect of social foundation, the article lists the discussion course of euthanasia in our country for many years, and explains the overwhelming support attitude of the people with data. In the legal basis, the article from the limited right to death is an important content of the right to life, natural rights can be human intervention under certain circumstances, individual abandonment of the right to life or laissez-faire is allowed by society. Human beings have the right to intervene positively or negatively in the natural process of life, examine the relationship between doctors and patients in jurisprudence, and euthanasia does not have criminal illegality, which provides a solid theoretical basis for the legislation of euthanasia in our country. In the third chapter, this paper first combines with the Netherlands Act on termination of Life upon request and assisted suicide (Review procedure) Act, the Taiwan District regulations on tranquillity and palliative Care, as well as Zhu Shina, Feng Xiuyun, A comparative analysis of the contents of the interim regulations on euthanasia (draft proposal) drafted by Liang Zhongtian and other scholars, from the point of view of the applicable object of euthanasia, the application subject of euthanasia, the main body of implementation of euthanasia, and the mode of implementation of euthanasia, The purpose of euthanasia, the supporting system of euthanasia, the supervision and management of euthanasia, put forward original, detailed and operable suggestions on the legislative content of euthanasia. In the last part, the author puts forward some specific views on euthanasia legislative level and its connection with other laws.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D920.4

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