發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-15 12:31

  本文選題：令狀 + 英國(guó)　； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：令狀，最早出現(xiàn)于9至10世紀(jì)，最初是國(guó)王傳達(dá)命令的一種行政文書，后逐漸發(fā)展為臣民向王室法院申請(qǐng)司法救濟(jì)的必備司法文書，不同訴訟請(qǐng)求所對(duì)應(yīng)的令狀中規(guī)定了不同的訴訟程序和審判方式，國(guó)王通過(guò)向臣民頒發(fā)對(duì)應(yīng)案件類型的令狀，使王室法院獲得相關(guān)案件的管轄權(quán)，從而啟動(dòng)并保證訴訟順利進(jìn)行。作為英國(guó)法制史上一顆豐碩的智慧果實(shí)，令狀制度在英國(guó)早期社會(huì)的發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了無(wú)可替代的重要作用。它不僅被國(guó)王廣泛的應(yīng)用于行政、司法等領(lǐng)域，更成為了普通法起源的核心，毫不夸張的說(shuō)，這一制度影響了英國(guó)法治發(fā)展的軌跡，直到今天仍對(duì)英國(guó)社會(huì)發(fā)揮著影響。研究令狀制度有助于我們理清英國(guó)中世紀(jì)政治法律發(fā)展的軌跡，具有重要的理論及現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 亨利二世時(shí)期是令狀制度發(fā)展的重大轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，經(jīng)過(guò)亨利二世的司法改革，令狀制度完成了由行政化向司法化的過(guò)渡，并最終發(fā)展成為系統(tǒng)規(guī)范的體系，因此本文選取了亨利二世時(shí)期作為令狀制度研究的時(shí)間段，通過(guò)對(duì)這一時(shí)期令狀制度發(fā)展變革的研究來(lái)探究令狀制度的本質(zhì)。 本文包括引言和正文、結(jié)語(yǔ)三部分。 引言部分，主要介紹了令狀制度在英國(guó)法制史上的重要作用，文章選題的可行性及意義，以及國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)令狀制度的研究現(xiàn)狀。 正文共分為四個(gè)部分，第一部分亨利二世前令狀制度的起源和發(fā)展，作者對(duì)令狀制度的源起進(jìn)行考察，介紹了令狀的概念和分類，并簡(jiǎn)要闡述了令狀起源的歷史背景以及到亨利二世改革前的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。 第二部分亨利二世進(jìn)行令狀制度改革的內(nèi)外動(dòng)因，作者分析了亨利二世對(duì)令狀制度進(jìn)行改革的內(nèi)在動(dòng)力和外在條件，其中內(nèi)在動(dòng)力的四點(diǎn)亨利二世本人、傳統(tǒng)行政令狀的弊端、內(nèi)外交困引發(fā)的經(jīng)濟(jì)拮據(jù)以及審判方式的革新是促使亨利二世進(jìn)行改革的原因，外在條件的兩點(diǎn)王權(quán)不斷強(qiáng)大形成的政治條件以及“國(guó)王安寧”理論形成的理論條件是亨利二世改革順利進(jìn)行的外在條件。 第三部分亨利二世對(duì)令狀制度的具體變革是文章的重點(diǎn)部分，作者詳細(xì)闡述了亨利二世對(duì)令狀制度變革的主要措施，包括起始令狀、占有訴訟令、指令令狀等令狀形式的制定以及令狀的格式化等內(nèi)容。 第四部分亨利二世令狀制度變革對(duì)英國(guó)帶來(lái)的影響以及對(duì)我們的啟示，作者分析了亨利二世令狀制度改革對(duì)令狀制度其后的發(fā)展和英國(guó)社會(huì)所帶來(lái)影響，并從中尋找這次變革帶給我們的重要啟示。 結(jié)語(yǔ)部分中，作者再次肯定了該制度在英國(guó)歷史上的重要地位。本文在寫作過(guò)程中綜合相關(guān)史料，，以歷史唯物主義為指導(dǎo)，從法學(xué)的角度對(duì)亨利二世時(shí)期令狀制度變革進(jìn)行了探析。
[Abstract]:A writ, first appearing in the9th and10th centuries, at first an administrative instrument by which the king communicated an order, and then developed into a necessary judicial instrument for subjects to apply to the royal court for judicial relief. In the writ corresponding to different litigation requests, different procedures and trial methods are stipulated. By issuing writ of the corresponding case type to the subjects, the king enables the royal court to gain jurisdiction in the relevant cases. Thus starting and ensuring the smooth progress of the proceedings. As a rich fruit of wisdom in the history of British legal system, writ system played an irreplaceable role in the development of the early British society. It is not only widely used by the king in the administrative, judicial and other fields, but also become the core of the common law origin. It is no exaggeration that this system has influenced the development of the rule of law in England, and still has an impact on the British society today. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the writ system for us to clear up the track of the development of political law in the Middle Ages in England. The period of Henry II was a major turning point in the development of the writ system. After Henry II's judicial reform, the writ system completed the transition from administrative to judicial, and finally developed into a system of norms. Therefore, this paper selects Henry II period as the time period to study the writ system, and probes into the nature of writ system through the research on the development and transformation of writ system in this period. This article includes introduction and text, conclusion three parts. The preface mainly introduces the important role of writ system in the history of British legal system, the feasibility and significance of this article, and the current situation of research on writ system at home and abroad. The text is divided into four parts. The first part is the origin and development of the writ system before Henry II. The author investigates the origin of the writ system and introduces the concept and classification of the writ. The historical background of the origin of writ and its development before the reform of Henry II are briefly described. The second part is about the internal and external motivation of Henry II's writ system reform. The author analyzes the internal and external conditions of Henry II's reform of the writ system, among which the four points of the internal motive power are Henry II himself, the malpractice of the traditional administrative writ. The financial constraints caused by internal and diplomatic difficulties and the reform of trial methods were the reasons for Henry II's reform. Two points of external conditions, the political conditions formed by Wang Quan and the theoretical conditions of the theory of "King's tranquility", are the external conditions for Henry II's reform to proceed smoothly. In the third part, Henry II's specific reform of writ system is the key part of the article. The author expounds in detail the main measures of Henry II's writ system reform, including initial writ, possession litigation order, etc. The formulation and formatting of a writ such as a command. In the fourth part, the author analyzes the influence of the reform of Henry II writ system on the development of the writ system and the influence of the British society. And from the search for this reform to us an important inspiration. In the conclusion, the author reconfirms the importance of the system in British history. In the process of writing, this paper, under the guidance of historical materialism, analyzes the reform of writ system in Henry II period from the angle of law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D956.1

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