本文選題：中國 + 近代　； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：清末至國民政府時(shí)期,國家命運(yùn)多桀、政局變動劇烈,制憲運(yùn)動波瀾壯闊、此起彼伏。就其實(shí)質(zhì)來講,除了國運(yùn)操控者的政治野心和權(quán)力構(gòu)建外,還有“中國式”憲政命運(yùn)的涌推、驗(yàn)行、紛亂甚至抗?fàn)�。在這一憲政的演進(jìn)歷程中,中國近代檢察權(quán)在清廷司法改制的帷幕下,以一種新的權(quán)力形態(tài)登上了歷史的舞臺,開啟了第一次權(quán)力本土化試驗(yàn)之旅。至此,中國近代檢察權(quán)的命運(yùn)就與近代憲政的演進(jìn)歷程相伴而生,受制于國家層面權(quán)力的整體布設(shè)與指陳。當(dāng)然,中國近代檢察權(quán)在這一權(quán)力演變歷程中,權(quán)力的邊界具有一定的變動性和主動性,能夠應(yīng)對情勢,在權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)和權(quán)力類型上靈活變通,這也是不言而喻的。本文以清末至民國時(shí)期的中國近代檢察權(quán)的權(quán)力創(chuàng)設(shè)與演變?yōu)檠芯繉ο?力圖以在國家憲政模式的多變背景下探討檢察權(quán)在國家層面的權(quán)力配置及權(quán)力全景為分析主線,揭示權(quán)力演變主旨中的憲政意義,以探尋歷史深藏的啟示。 文章分為五章,依次展開。 導(dǎo)論部分,闡明了本文的研究主旨和選題緣由,回顧和梳理了本論題的相關(guān)研究成果,指出了本論文選題的理論價(jià)值,并對本論文所采用的研究方法進(jìn)行了表述。 第一章,近代檢察權(quán)的初創(chuàng)。本章在君主立憲進(jìn)程中從司法改制和外收法權(quán)兩個(gè)維度對近代檢察權(quán)創(chuàng)設(shè)的時(shí)代背景進(jìn)行了探討。對新設(shè)的檢察體制采行日本檢制模式的原因、檢察體制確立的過程以及檢察權(quán)的基本權(quán)力形態(tài)等進(jìn)行了專門研究。特別是對君主立憲制下檢察權(quán)的權(quán)力配置、權(quán)力性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了考辯。本章還對初創(chuàng)期檢察權(quán)的權(quán)力模式的引入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、權(quán)力劃分和權(quán)力運(yùn)行狀況以及檢察權(quán)在清末法制變革中的作用進(jìn)行了闡釋和評價(jià)。但遺憾的是,方興未艾的清末檢察權(quán)及其制度載體,伴隨著武昌革命風(fēng)暴的疾行和清王朝封建帝制的覆滅,將清末初創(chuàng)期檢察權(quán)的演進(jìn)帶至了民國。 第二章,近代檢察權(quán)的重置。本章對民初憲政體制的演進(jìn)和司法體制的變化進(jìn)行了研究。指出共和憲制下三權(quán)分立的權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)模式,成為制約重置期檢察權(quán)權(quán)力配置和權(quán)力概貌的權(quán)力張本。本章對民初檢察體制的重大變動事項(xiàng)如初級檢察廳的裁撤、軍事檢察權(quán)的初現(xiàn)、檢察權(quán)權(quán)力行使的行政化傾向、檢察權(quán)的地方化進(jìn)行了專門研究。也對檢察體制的其他相關(guān)性變動因素如檢察機(jī)構(gòu)和人員配置的變動、檢察人才的培養(yǎng)等進(jìn)行了分析和探討。這些方面的內(nèi)容,有些是關(guān)涉檢察權(quán)在憲政層面的權(quán)力配置、權(quán)力性質(zhì)等的認(rèn)知和評價(jià),有些對權(quán)力的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和施行密不可分,成為研究必須關(guān)注的事項(xiàng)。本章還對重置期檢察權(quán)的職權(quán)變動、權(quán)力性質(zhì)擴(kuò)張以及權(quán)力行政性因素的增強(qiáng)等進(jìn)行了研究。對權(quán)力性質(zhì)在國家立法層面和司法實(shí)際運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中進(jìn)行了探討,得出了自己的研究結(jié)論。本章還對民初檢察權(quán)進(jìn)行了評價(jià),從憲政進(jìn)程對權(quán)力演變的影響、權(quán)力自我演變軌跡的啟示、權(quán)力在法律實(shí)施中的作用和功能等角度加深了對重置期檢察權(quán)的認(rèn)識。但事實(shí)上,民初政局變動頻繁,軍閥混戰(zhàn)慘烈,在動蕩中處于權(quán)力重置期的檢察權(quán),卻并沒有獲得權(quán)力的重生。其權(quán)力變遷中所蘊(yùn)涵的精神氣質(zhì)、權(quán)力走向和時(shí)代氣息,在國民政府五權(quán)憲制下,得以續(xù)演。 第三章,近代檢察權(quán)的續(xù)演。本章對五權(quán)憲政體制的變化情況進(jìn)行了研究,對憲政體制變化的理論根源進(jìn)行了追朔,對司法體制的變動進(jìn)行了分析。對憲政層面審檢合署體制的出現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了關(guān)注,對檢察權(quán)的權(quán)力位階的變化、軍事檢察權(quán)的強(qiáng)化、地方檢察權(quán)的兼理制等進(jìn)行了論說。對檢察體制的相關(guān)構(gòu)設(shè)因素進(jìn)行了分析。本章還對檢察權(quán)具體權(quán)力形態(tài)的演變和權(quán)力的行權(quán)方式進(jìn)行了研究,對權(quán)力性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了再認(rèn)識。 第四章,廢檢運(yùn)動中檢察權(quán)的設(shè)計(jì)與安排。本章對廢檢運(yùn)動的初現(xiàn)和勃興進(jìn)行了回顧,對廢檢運(yùn)動中具體的權(quán)力存廢之爭以及權(quán)力改設(shè)方案進(jìn)行了研究,并對廢檢運(yùn)動的啟示進(jìn)行了闡發(fā)。 第五章,司法黨化中的檢察權(quán)。在國民政府時(shí)期,黨治論調(diào)的出臺,使司法打上了黨治的烙印。司法黨化與非黨化,成為近代檢察權(quán)權(quán)力演變歷程中的分水嶺。司法黨化不但讓檢察權(quán)喪失了不介入黨爭的法制原則,也讓檢察權(quán)成為貫徹黨義主張的權(quán)力工具,導(dǎo)致權(quán)力精神的窒息,使權(quán)力異化為政黨專政的工具。本章對司法黨化興起的背景進(jìn)行了專門研究,對黨治成功要件和黨治反對言論進(jìn)行了分析,特別是對司法黨化的精神意蘊(yùn)、要旨規(guī)陳、實(shí)例分析進(jìn)行了研究,并將司法黨化對檢察權(quán)實(shí)際運(yùn)行的影響進(jìn)行了專論。 結(jié)語部分,對選題的主旨進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)調(diào),對近代憲政歷程中檢察權(quán)的演變之旅進(jìn)行了再回顧,提煉和總結(jié)了對當(dāng)下檢察權(quán)制度的啟示。
[Abstract]:During the period from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the national government, the fate of the state was more and more difficult, the political situation changed violently, the Constitution Movement was magnificent. In essence, in addition to the political ambitions and power construction of the manipulators of the national transportation, there was a surge of "Chinese style" constitutional fate. Under the curtain of the judicial reform of the Qing court, the right of power is on the stage of history with a new form of power and the first journey of the experiment of the localization of power. At this point, the fate of the procuratorial power in modern China is accompanied by the evolution of modern constitutionalism, and is subject to the overall arrangement and indication of the power of the state. Of course, the procuratorial power of modern China. In the course of the evolution of this power, the boundary of power has a certain change and initiative, and it is self-evident that it can cope with the situation and be flexible in the power structure and type of power. This article is based on the establishment and evolution of the power of modern Chinese procuratorial power in the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China as the research object, trying to be in the state constitutional model. Under the changeable background, it probes into the power allocation and power panorama of the procuratorial power at the national level as the main line of analysis, revealing the constitutional meaning in the theme of power evolution, in order to explore the profound enlightenment of history.
The article is divided into five chapters, which are carried out in turn.
The introduction part, clarifies the main purpose of the study and the reason for the topic, reviews and combs the relevant research results of this topic, points out the theoretical value of this topic, and describes the research methods used in this paper.
The first chapter, the beginning of the modern procuratorial power. This chapter discusses the background of the creation of modern procuratorial power from two dimensions in the process of monarchy constitutionalism, from the judicial reform and the external legal power. The reasons for the new procuratorial system to take the Japanese inspection system, the process of establishing the procuratorial system and the basic power form of the procuratorial power are carried out. In particular, the power disposition of procuratorial power under the constitutional monarchy and the nature of power have been examined. This chapter also explains and evaluates the role of the power mode of the initial stage of procuratorial power, the division of power and power operation and the function of procuratorial power in the reform of the legal system at the end of the Qing Dynasty. The procuratorial power and its system carrier, along with the revolution of Wuchang and the destruction of the feudal monarchy of the Qing Dynasty, brought the evolution of procuratorial power in the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China.
The second chapter is the resetting of the modern procuratorial power. This chapter studies the evolution of the constitutional system and the change of the judicial system at the beginning of the Republic of China. It points out that the power structure pattern of the separation of the three powers under the Republican constitutional system has become the authority to restrict the allocation of power of procuratorial power and the general appearance of power in the resetting period. The abolition of the inspection hall, the beginning of the military procuratorial power, the administrative tendency of the exercise of the power of procuratorial power, the localization of the procuratorial power, and the analysis and discussion of the other relevant changes in the procuratorial system, such as the changes in the procuratorial organization and personnel allocation and the cultivation of the procuratorial personnel, are related to some of these aspects. The cognition and evaluation of the power allocation and the nature of power at the constitutional level of procuratorial power, some of which are closely related to the operation and implementation of power. This chapter also studies the changes in the power of procuratorial power in the reposition period, the expansion of the nature of power and the enhancement of the administrative factors of power. The nature of power is in the state. This chapter also evaluates the procuratorial power of the beginning of the Republic of China. This chapter also makes an evaluation of the procuratorial power in the early days of the Republic of China, from the influence of the constitutional process on the evolution of power, the inspiration of the evolution of the power self, the role and function of power in the implementation of the law, but it has deepened the understanding of the procuratorial power in the reposition period. In fact, the political situation in the early days of the Republic of China has changed frequently, the warlords are fighting badly, and the procuratorial power in the period of power resetting in the turmoil has not obtained the rebirth of power. The spirit, power trend and the atmosphere of the times contained in the change of power can be replayed under the national government's five powers constitutional system.
The third chapter, the renewal of the modern procuratorial power. This chapter studies the changes of the five rights constitutionalism system, the theoretical roots of the constitutional change and the analysis of the changes in the judicial system. The appearance of the system of the constitutional examination and inspection is concerned, the change of the power level of the procuratorial power and the procuratorial power of the military. In this chapter, the evolution of the specific power form of procuratorial power and the way of power are studied, and the nature of power is re understood.
The fourth chapter, the design and arrangement of the procuratorial power in the abolition movement. This chapter reviews the emergence and prosperity of the abolition movement, studies the dispute of the specific power and abolition of the abolition of power and the scheme of power reform, and elucidates the Enlightenment of the abolition movement.
The fifth chapter, the procuratorial power in the judicial party. In the period of the national government, the introduction of the party's rule made the judiciary imprint the brand of the party. The judicial party and non Party became the watershed in the evolution of the modern procuratorial power. The judicial party not only lost the procuratorial power of the legal principle of not introducing the party to the party, but also made the procuratorial power to carry out the party's righteousness. The power tool advocated led to the suffocation of the spirit of power and the alienation of power as a tool for the political party's dictatorship. This chapter specializes in the background of the rise of the judicial party, and analyses the important elements of the party's success and the opposition to the party's governance, especially the spiritual connotation of the judicial party, the keynote, the case analysis, and the judicature. The influence of Party orientation on the actual operation of procuratorial power is discussed.
In the concluding part, the theme of the topic is emphasized, and the evolution of the procuratorial power in the modern constitutional process is reviewed, and the enlightenment to the present procuratorial power system is extracted and summarized.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D929;D926

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 鐘旭;南京國民政府檢察制度探析[D];西南政法大學(xué);2015年

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本文編號：1779486