本文選題：地方性法規(guī) + 部門��； 參考：《華東政法大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：實踐中，地方性法規(guī)在制定過程中所存在的“部門利益”傾向問題是當前制約我國地方立法質(zhì)量提升的一個突出問題。但從“部門利益”的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展來看，“部門利益”本身是一種具有公共利益屬性的正當利益，這種正當性來源于“部門”依據(jù)憲法所具有的應然的公共利益屬性以及法律、行政法規(guī)對部門履行職責提出的法律形式上的要求，此外還包括地方性法規(guī)對法律、行政法規(guī)有關(guān)內(nèi)容進行細化與補充的必要性。而那些使地方性法規(guī)產(chǎn)生“部門利益”傾向的“部門利益”則屬于脫離了公共利益屬性、發(fā)生異化了的“部門利益”。因此，在地方性法規(guī)的制定過程中，既要對部門為履行社會管理職能、維護社會公共利益提出的正當利益需求給予肯定，，同時，也要對一些政府部門為謀取自身特殊利益而尋租地方性法規(guī)的行為進行防范和治理。 地方性法規(guī)中的“部門利益”在發(fā)生異化之后具有多種表現(xiàn)方式，如主導立法進程、借法擴權(quán)、借法逐利以及為相對人設(shè)置較多的義務規(guī)范等。此外，“部門利益”發(fā)生異化及其綁架地方性法規(guī)的行為存在較大的危害，首先是背離了政府的公共利益屬性、影響了國家法制統(tǒng)一，此外還降低了地方立法的質(zhì)量與效率，損害了法治的權(quán)威性，并直接侵害公民、法人或其他組織的合法權(quán)益。 導致地方性法規(guī)制定中“部門利益”發(fā)生異化的原因是多方面的，如不同部門對地方性法規(guī)中職權(quán)等利益資源的需求的爭奪性與職權(quán)資源本身的有限性，又如我國現(xiàn)行的包括中央與地方分權(quán)立法體制、政府部門職責設(shè)置體系以及財稅體制在內(nèi)行政管理體制存在的諸多弊端，還包括地方性法規(guī)立法程序存在的一些制度漏洞等也為“部門利益”發(fā)生異化創(chuàng)造了條件。 為防范“部門利益”異化、實現(xiàn)立法民主，我國現(xiàn)行的法律法規(guī)做了一些制度上的規(guī)定，還有一些地方進行了許多自主有益的探索，但總體上未能在根本上實現(xiàn)對“部門利益”發(fā)生異化的有效防范。而通過對美國、英國、日本等西方國家實行的一些立法程序機制來看，這些國家及地區(qū)所實行法規(guī)案內(nèi)部起草制度、立法辯論制度、立法助理制度以及立法參與制度對我國而言有著一定的借鑒意義。同時，結(jié)合地方性法規(guī)制定中“部門利益“異化產(chǎn)生的根源與我國現(xiàn)行的立法制度，當前通過深化行政管理體制改革、增進立法提案主體地位的平等性以及建立對地方性法規(guī)中的“部門利益”問題專項評估機制等途徑也能實現(xiàn)對“部門利益”異化的較好防范。
[Abstract]:In practice, the tendency of "department interests" in the process of making local laws and regulations is a prominent problem that restricts the improvement of the quality of local legislation in our country at present.However, from the point of view of the emergence and development of "departmental interest", the "departmental interest" itself is a kind of legitimate interest with the attribute of public interest, which comes from the attribute of public interest and the law of "department" according to the constitution.In addition, local laws and regulations are necessary to refine and supplement the relevant contents of laws and administrative regulations.And those that make local laws and regulations produce "departmental interests" tend to belong to "departmental interests" which are divorced from the attribute of public interest and dissimilated.Therefore, in the process of formulating local laws and regulations, it is necessary to affirm the legitimate interest needs put forward by the departments in order to perform the social management functions and safeguard the social public interests, and at the same time,Some government departments to seek their own special interests and rent-seeking local laws and regulations to guard against and governance.The "departmental interests" in local laws and regulations are manifested in many ways after alienation, such as leading the legislative process, extending the power by law, expelling interests by law and setting up more obligations and norms for the relative persons, and so on.In addition, the alienation of "departmental interests" and the kidnapping of local laws and regulations are harmful. Firstly, they deviate from the public interest attribute of the government, affect the unification of the national legal system, and reduce the quality and efficiency of the local legislation.It damages the authority of the rule of law and directly infringes the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons or other organizations.There are many reasons leading to the alienation of "departmental interests" in the formulation of local laws and regulations, such as the competing demands of different departments for interest resources such as power and authority in local laws and regulations, and the limitation of power resources themselves.For example, the existing administrative system in our country, including the legislative system of central and local decentralization, the system of setting up the responsibilities of government departments and the system of fiscal and taxation, has many drawbacks.It also creates conditions for dissimilation of departmental interests, including some system loopholes existing in the legislative process of local laws and regulations.In order to prevent the alienation of "departmental interests" and to realize legislative democracy, the current laws and regulations of our country have made some institutional provisions, and some places have made a lot of independent and beneficial explorations.On the whole, however, it failed to effectively prevent the alienation of "departmental interests".And through some legislative procedural mechanisms implemented by the United States, Britain, Japan, and other western countries, these countries and regions have implemented internal drafting systems and legislative debate systems for the draft laws and regulations.The legislative assistant system and the legislative participation system have certain reference significance to our country.At the same time, by deepening the reform of the administrative management system, combining the root of the alienation of "departmental interests" in the formulation of local laws and regulations and the current legislative system of our country,To improve the equality of the main body of legislative proposals and to establish a special evaluation mechanism for the problem of "sectoral interests" in local laws and regulations, we can also prevent the alienation of "departmental interests".
【學位授予單位】：華東政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D920.0

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 劉松山;論立法中民主原則的落實[J];法商研究(中南政法學院學報);1999年06期

2 徐向華;;地方立法統(tǒng)一審議制度的法定功能[J];法學;2007年11期

3 沈�？�;;不合理的行政收費應當徹底革除——從個體工商戶管理費等行政收費被停征說起[J];法學;2008年09期

4 江暉;;對我國公眾參與立法制度完善的思考[J];法制與社會;2008年27期

5 施正文;;法治政府建設(shè)中的公共財政體制改革[J];國家行政學院學報;2008年02期

6 陳謙;;地方政府部門利益化問題成因與治理[J];求索;2010年02期

7 胡子敬;朱霖;;期待立法中的利益博弈進一步升華[J];人大建設(shè);2006年10期

8 李高協(xié);殷悅賢;徐潤莉;;關(guān)于提高政府部門立法起草質(zhì)量問題的思考——以甘肅省地方立法30年的實踐為例[J];人大研究;2010年02期

9 劉運龍;論地方立法中“部門利益”傾向及防范對策[J];人大研究;1997年06期

10 容志;;地方治理結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化:調(diào)節(jié)中央地方關(guān)系的新思路[J];上海行政學院學報;2010年06期

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前3條

1 羅銳;地方立法中的部門利益傾向及其控制對策研究[D];四川大學;2004年

2 陳丹;論行政立法中的部門主義及其防治[D];吉林大學;2007年

3 楊波;行政立法中的部門利益傾向及其規(guī)范[D];中國政法大學;2010年

本文編號：1773873