本文選題：權力機制　切入點：哲學觀　出處：《煙臺大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：中西傳統(tǒng)權力制約機制存在諸多差異,主要表現(xiàn)在三個方面:第一,在權力制約的基點上,表現(xiàn)為西方的“共和民主”傳統(tǒng)與中國的“家天下”傳統(tǒng)的差異;第二,在權力制約的模式上,表現(xiàn)為西方在公民社會指導下的“權力制衡”模式與中國在“家天下”和集權傳統(tǒng)之下的“帝王監(jiān)督”模式的差異;第三,在權力制約的手段上,表現(xiàn)為西方的“法治觀”和中國的“德治觀”之間的差異。 中西權力機制差異的原因是多方面的,本文試圖從哲學方法論、倫理觀和政治觀三個方面作遞進式分析。在哲學方法論上,西方的“二元對立”觀和理性邏輯思維模式為權力分立提供著基本解釋,而中國的“和諧統(tǒng)一”觀和直覺感悟思維則是集權的基本哲學土壤;在倫理觀上,西方的“性惡論”和具有自然法意味的“正義理念”論使得權力制衡成為普遍社會心理,而傳統(tǒng)中國的“性善論”和“君道同源”、“法自君出”等觀念則為集權統(tǒng)治提供著合理解釋;在政治觀上,西方社會的基本政治傳統(tǒng)可以用“公民社會”、“共和民主”、“法治傳統(tǒng)”三個向度來表達,各個向度共同導致權力分立與制衡傳統(tǒng)的形成,使得權力運行始終體現(xiàn)“公益”,而傳統(tǒng)中國社會則表現(xiàn)為截然不同的情況,“家天下”、“臣民意識”和“禮治”共同構(gòu)成封建社會的政治特征,合乎邏輯地推衍出集權和私權的政治現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:There are many differences in the traditional power restriction mechanism between China and the West, mainly in three aspects: first, on the basis of power restriction, it shows the difference between the "Republican democracy" tradition in the West and the "home world" tradition in China; second,In the mode of power restriction, it shows the difference between the mode of "power balance" under the guidance of civil society and the mode of "imperial supervision" under the tradition of "family world" and centralization of power in China; thirdly, in the means of power restriction,It shows the difference between the western view of rule by law and the view of rule by virtue in China.There are many reasons for the difference of power mechanism between China and the West. This paper attempts to make a progressive analysis from three aspects: philosophical methodology, ethics and political view.In terms of philosophical methodology, the western view of dualism and rational logical thinking mode provide a basic explanation for the separation of power, while China's view of "harmony and unity" and intuitive perception of thinking are the basic philosophical soil of centralization.The western "sexual evil theory" and the "justice idea" theory with the meaning of natural law make the balance of power become the universal social psychology, while the traditional Chinese "sexual goodness theory" and "monarchical homology",On the other hand, the concept of "rule by law" provides a reasonable explanation for centralization, and the basic political tradition of western society can be expressed in three dimensions: "civil society", "Republican democracy" and "tradition of rule of law".Each direction together leads to the formation of the tradition of separation of power and checks and balances, which makes the operation of power always reflect the "public good", while the traditional Chinese society is characterized by a completely different situation, "home under the world"."the consciousness of subjects" and "rule of propriety" constitute the political characteristics of feudal society and logically deduce the political phenomena of centralization and private rights.
【學位授予單位】：煙臺大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D091;D909.1

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