本文選題：公民訴訟　切入點(diǎn)：律師費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)移規(guī)則　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：公民訴訟制度是美國(guó)環(huán)境法律得以有效實(shí)施的關(guān)鍵因素。而“律師費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)移規(guī)則”則是保障該制度有效運(yùn)行的重要“激勵(lì)機(jī)制”。它鼓勵(lì)普通民眾、環(huán)保團(tuán)體等主體提起訴訟,為“環(huán)境公益”作漫長(zhǎng)、艱苦的斗爭(zhēng)。 環(huán)境公民訴訟“律師費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)移規(guī)則”的核心內(nèi)容是法定的“律師費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)移條款”。即國(guó)會(huì)通過(guò)立法,授權(quán)法院在其認(rèn)為“合適”的情形下,突破律師費(fèi)各自負(fù)擔(dān)的“美國(guó)規(guī)則”,判決由一方當(dāng)事人承擔(dān)對(duì)方當(dāng)事人的律師費(fèi)。 由于該法定規(guī)則具有極強(qiáng)的模糊性,法院只能在司法實(shí)踐中不斷摸索、探究律師費(fèi)判決的“合適”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。目前,就原、被告獲賠律師費(fèi)的基本條件,已經(jīng)形成了通用的司法規(guī)則。原告獲賠律師費(fèi)的主要條件有二;一是獲得“某些實(shí)質(zhì)性的勝利”,二是促進(jìn)了公共利益。被告獲賠律師費(fèi)的條件更為苛刻,須遵循“克里斯蒂安伯格”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。此外,尚有一些規(guī)則處于發(fā)展之中。如,“經(jīng)濟(jì)自利動(dòng)機(jī)”是否構(gòu)成原告獲賠律師費(fèi)的阻礙;“催化劑理論”是否繼續(xù)有效,等。 “律師費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)移規(guī)則”同樣可以作為“中國(guó)環(huán)境公民訴訟制度”的“激勵(lì)機(jī)制”。為此,需要合理地設(shè)計(jì)“律師費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)移條款”。首先,它應(yīng)主要服務(wù)于“激勵(lì)”公眾、律師投身環(huán)境公民訴訟的核心目的;其次,保留其“抑制”濫訴的特殊功能;再次,條款的設(shè)置須明細(xì)化,以期實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)質(zhì)性的引導(dǎo)功能。
[Abstract]:The civil litigation system is a key factor for the effective implementation of environmental law in the United States.The transfer rules of legal fees is an important incentive mechanism to ensure the effective operation of the system.It encourages the general public, environmental groups and other subjects to file lawsuits for the "environmental good" for a long and arduous struggle.The core content of Environmental Citizen Litigation is the legal transfer Clause.That is, Congress passed legislation to authorize the court to break through the "United States rules" on lawyers' fees when they think it is "appropriate", and to decide that one party shall bear the legal fees of the other party.Due to the strong fuzziness of the statutory rule, the court can only explore the "appropriate" standard in the judicial practice.At present, the basic conditions for the defendant to be compensated for attorney's fees have formed a common judicial rule.There are two main conditions for the plaintiff to obtain indemnification, one is to obtain "some substantial victory", the other is to promote the public interest.The defendant was awarded a more stringent fee and was subject to Christian Berg criteria.In addition, there are still some rules in the process of development.For example, whether the "economic self-interest motive" constitutes an obstacle to the plaintiff's compensation lawyer's fee, whether the "catalyst theory" continues to be valid, and so on.The legal fee transfer rules can also be used as an incentive mechanism for China's Environmental Citizen Litigation system.Therefore, it is necessary to design the legal fee transfer clause reasonably.First, it should mainly serve the core purpose of "encouraging" the public and lawyers to engage in environmental citizen litigation; secondly, it should retain its special function of "restraining" excessive litigation; thirdly, the setting of articles should be specified in order to realize the substantive guiding function.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D971.2;DD915

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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1 吳新芝;我國(guó)環(huán)境公益訴訟存在問(wèn)題及對(duì)策研究[D];新疆大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：1703434