本文選題：未成年人　切入點(diǎn)：父母監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)　出處：《重慶工商大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：父母監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)撤銷制度是針對未成年人父母或父或母在不履行監(jiān)護(hù)職責(zé),或是損害未成人的合法權(quán)益時(shí),經(jīng)有關(guān)人員或單位的申請,由法院撤銷其父母的監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)的一種制度。雖然我國早已在相關(guān)法律中規(guī)定了這一制度,但在我國的司法實(shí)踐中幾乎無人問津。近年來,社會(huì)上頻頻爆出父母虐待未成年人的事件,引發(fā)了全社會(huì)的廣泛討論。為了更好地維護(hù)未成年人的合法權(quán)利,最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院、公安部、民政部聯(lián)合發(fā)布《關(guān)于依法處理監(jiān)護(hù)人侵害未成年人權(quán)益行為若干問題的意見》,專門指導(dǎo)有關(guān)部門處理監(jiān)護(hù)侵害案件。該意見已經(jīng)在我國投入實(shí)踐有2年多的時(shí)間,對我國的未成年人權(quán)益的保護(hù)起到了重要的作用。但與此同時(shí),在實(shí)踐中也暴露該制度的一些不足。本文采用法社會(huì)學(xué)的研究視角,將父母監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)撤銷制度落在社會(huì)的實(shí)踐中,發(fā)現(xiàn)其運(yùn)用中存在問題,并通過對相關(guān)案例的回顧分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)就我國目前的實(shí)際操作中,父母監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)撤銷制度在其運(yùn)行的四個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中都有著不同的難題,表現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí),傳統(tǒng)文化思想的固有觀念導(dǎo)致人們普遍缺乏保護(hù)未成年人監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)益的意識(shí);審理時(shí),在立法層面缺乏細(xì)致全面的法律規(guī)定讓父母監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)撤銷制度做到有法可依;安置時(shí)缺乏專業(yè)的未成年人保護(hù)體系確保未成年人能夠得到全面的照料;最后在監(jiān)督問題上,未建立統(tǒng)一的國家監(jiān)護(hù)監(jiān)督制度從而致使未成年人的新生活缺乏保證。為了使我國父母監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)制度撤銷中存在的問題得到有效的解決,筆者建議從以下幾點(diǎn)出發(fā),完善我國的父母監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)撤銷制度:第一,進(jìn)行保護(hù)未成年人權(quán)益的思想普及,轉(zhuǎn)變民眾的傳統(tǒng)思想,提高人民保護(hù)未成年人權(quán)益的法律意識(shí);第二,對父母監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)撤銷制度進(jìn)行制度完善,通過補(bǔ)充父母監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)撤銷制度的相關(guān)原則、擴(kuò)大申請人的主體資格范圍、將父母侵犯未成年人財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)益納入撤銷其監(jiān)護(hù)資格的法定事由、嚴(yán)格把控提起恢復(fù)父母監(jiān)護(hù)資格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等方面的制度完善;第三,在未成年人“安置”的環(huán)節(jié)中,國家進(jìn)行宏觀調(diào)控,指導(dǎo)有關(guān)部門落實(shí)具體制度;同時(shí)加快未成年人救助保護(hù)機(jī)構(gòu)的建設(shè),并激發(fā)社會(huì)組織活力,加強(qiáng)國家機(jī)關(guān)與社會(huì)團(tuán)體合作來確保未成年人能夠得到高質(zhì)量的安置;最后,通過設(shè)立統(tǒng)一的國家監(jiān)護(hù)監(jiān)督制度以此來避免未成年人受到二次傷害。
[Abstract]:The system of revocation of parental custody is directed at the application of the person or unit concerned when the parent or parent of a minor fails to perform the duties of guardianship or impairs the legitimate rights and interests of the minor, A system whereby custody of his parents is annulled by the courts. Although this system has long been established in the relevant laws, it has hardly been followed in judicial practice in our country in recent years, In order to better safeguard the legal rights of minors, the Supreme people's Court, the Supreme people's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, The Ministry of Civil Affairs has jointly issued the opinions on dealing with certain issues concerning the violation of the rights and interests of minors by guardians according to law, and has specifically instructed relevant departments to handle cases of guardianship violations. This opinion has been put into practice in China for more than two years. It has played an important role in the protection of the rights and interests of minors in our country, but at the same time, it has also exposed some shortcomings of the system in practice. It is found that there are some problems in its application, and through the review and analysis of relevant cases, it is found that in the actual operation of our country, there are different problems in the four links of the operation of the revocation system of parental custody, which is manifested in the discovery. The traditional cultural ideas lead to the general lack of consciousness of protecting the rights and interests of minors guardianship, the lack of detailed and comprehensive legal provisions in the legislative level to enable parents to revoke guardianship system to achieve a legal basis; The lack of a professional system for the protection of minors at the time of placement ensures that minors receive comprehensive care; finally, on the issue of supervision, In order to effectively solve the problems existing in the revocation of the parental custody system in China, the author suggests to proceed from the following points. To improve the revocation system of parental custody in China: first, to popularize the idea of protecting the rights and interests of minors, to change the traditional thinking of the public, and to raise the people's legal awareness of protecting the rights and interests of minors; second, To perfect the system of revocation of parental custody, to expand the scope of the subject qualification of the applicant by supplementing the relevant principles of the revocation system of parental custody, and to bring parents' infringement of the property rights and interests of minors into the statutory cause of revocation of their guardianship qualifications. Third, in the "placement" of minors, the state carries out macro-control to guide the relevant departments to implement the specific system; At the same time, we should speed up the construction of relief and protection institutions for minors, stimulate the vitality of social organizations, and strengthen the cooperation between state organs and social organizations to ensure that minors can be placed in high quality. Finally, Through the establishment of a unified national guardianship supervision system to avoid secondary injury to minors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D90-052

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