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  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 法律工具主義 權(quán)力制約 法治　出處：《中國社會科學院研究生院》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：法律工具主義的形成有其深刻的哲學背景、深厚的理論淵源以及豐厚的實踐基礎(chǔ)。為準確揭示法律工具主義，并為當今中國的社會主義法治建設提供有益借鑒和啟示，本文按“古今中外”的格局，以歷史的演進為主線，以中國的文化傳統(tǒng)為切入點，，從哲學理據(jù)、思想淵源、政治基礎(chǔ)和現(xiàn)代實踐四個維度闡述我國的法律工具主義，力求全面、系統(tǒng)地概括我國法律工具主義的形成。本文主要應用歷史和比較的分析方法。追尋歷史的足跡，將有助于我們更好地解決法治之路應往何處去的問題。 全文共分四個部分。第一部分從先秦哲學中的法天觀、道器觀、性惡觀三個層面闡述我國法律工具主義的哲學理據(jù)。對法天觀的論述旨在闡明一種直覺形象思維所導致的理性思辨思維缺乏；對道器觀的論述旨在闡明法為什么作為“器物”而不是“道理”；對性惡觀的論述旨在闡明用法這一“器物”“治人”的倫理依據(jù)。第二部分選取歷史上對我國法律思想產(chǎn)生過重要影響的兩條“支流”——先秦法家和后漢儒家，從二者的法律思想角度進一步闡述我國法律工具主義的兩種理論淵源。第三部分論述秦漢以來我國古代的政治體制，并在和西方古代的政治體制對比中指出，缺乏對最高權(quán)力（王權(quán)）的制約是造成法律工具主義的政治因素。最后一部分闡述社會主義下的蘇聯(lián)和我國的法律工具主義實踐，其中對我國建國以來的法律實踐，根據(jù)法律工具主義為其服務的對象不同，筆者將之分為“黨本位”下的法律工具主義和“國家本位”下的法律工具主義兩個不同時期，對執(zhí)政黨在這兩個時期表現(xiàn)的法律工具主義分別展開論述，旨在揭示這種法律工具主義的現(xiàn)代實踐基礎(chǔ)。 本文認為，要根除法律工具主義這一思想，首先要深化政治體制改革，其中最重要的就是使政治活動法律化；其次要培育社會自治力量，盡快完善關(guān)于人民結(jié)社和自治的辦法，打破國家對社會全面管控的模式；最后要賦以司法機關(guān)更大的，至少是不低于行政機關(guān)的權(quán)力。
[Abstract]:The formation of legal instrumentalism has its profound philosophical background, deep theoretical origin and rich practical foundation. According to the pattern of "ancient, modern and foreign", taking the evolution of history as the main line and the Chinese cultural tradition as the breakthrough point, this paper expounds the legal instrumentalism of our country from the four dimensions of philosophical motivation, ideological origin, political foundation and modern practice. This paper mainly applies the historical and comparative analysis methods to trace the track of history, which will help us to solve the problem of where the road of rule of law should go. The first part is from the view of law and heaven in the philosophy of pre-Qin Dynasty, the view of Taoism and the view of organ. This paper expounds the philosophical basis of legal instrumentalism in our country from three aspects of the view of nature and evil. The purpose of the discussion is to clarify the lack of rational thinking caused by a kind of intuitive image thinking. The purpose of this paper is to clarify why law is regarded as "object" rather than "reason", and to clarify the ethical basis of its use as "object" and "rule of man". The second part is to choose the history of the law of our country. The two "tributaries" that had important influence on the thought were pre-Qin legalists and post-Han Confucianists. The third part discusses the ancient political system of our country since Qin and Han dynasties, and points out in comparison with the western ancient political system. The lack of restriction on the supreme power (Wang Quan) is the political factor that causes legal instrumentalism. The last part expounds the practice of legal instrumentalism in the Soviet Union and China under socialism, including the legal practice since the founding of the people's Republic of China. According to the different objects of legal instrumentalism, the author divides it into two different periods: the legal instrumentalism under the Party standard and the legal instrumentalism under the state standard. This paper discusses respectively the legal instrumentalism of the ruling party in these two periods in order to reveal the modern practical basis of this kind of legal instrumentalism. This paper holds that to eradicate the idea of legal instrumentalism, first of all, we should deepen the reform of the political system, the most important of which is to legalize political activities, and secondly, we should cultivate the forces of social autonomy. We should improve the methods of people's association and autonomy as soon as possible, break the pattern of the state's overall control over society; finally, we should empower the judiciary with greater powers, at least not lower than the administrative organs.
【學位授予單位】：中國社會科學院研究生院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D920.0

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