本文關(guān)鍵詞： 公安機(jī)關(guān) 偵查 制衡　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中共十八大以來(lái),“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略的提出加速了中國(guó)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化的建設(shè)步伐。其中“全面推進(jìn)依法治國(guó)的戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想”拉開了中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義法治的建設(shè)的新篇章。與此同時(shí),“聶樹斌案”、“呼格吉勒?qǐng)D案”、“念斌案”等一系列冤假錯(cuò)案不斷被曝光,嚴(yán)重?fù)p害著法治的良好形象。所有的冤家錯(cuò)案都存在著“刑訊逼供”的身影,矛頭無(wú)疑都指向公安機(jī)關(guān)。在中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義法律體系建成,法治理念不斷深入的當(dāng)下,公安機(jī)關(guān)暴露出的濫用刑事偵查權(quán)的問(wèn)題與法治的形成格格不入,甚至成為阻礙法治形成的巨大障礙,因而對(duì)公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)進(jìn)行有效的制衡,確保其在法律允許的范圍內(nèi)正當(dāng)行使權(quán)力,正確打擊到犯罪活動(dòng)具有重要意義。本文嘗試在分析刑事偵查權(quán)的相關(guān)概念的基礎(chǔ)上先將研究對(duì)象落在公安機(jī)關(guān)這一刑事偵查權(quán)行使的主體身上,再就涉及公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)運(yùn)行的相關(guān)實(shí)證數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行篩選、統(tǒng)計(jì)并進(jìn)行有效整合并通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)的整合分析當(dāng)前公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)運(yùn)行存在的問(wèn)題。通過(guò)借鑒大陸、英美法系典型國(guó)家美國(guó)與法國(guó)在制衡刑事偵查權(quán)方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn),對(duì)我國(guó)公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)再建構(gòu)提出一些可行路徑。本文一共分為四章:第一部分為刑事偵查權(quán)的多維定位。概念是研究一樣事物的最基礎(chǔ)要素。只有在明晰一個(gè)具體的概念之后,才能夠?qū)ο嚓P(guān)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究。在學(xué)術(shù)界與實(shí)務(wù)界,兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域的學(xué)者、專家都對(duì)刑事偵查權(quán)作了相應(yīng)的界定,在分析兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域?qū)π淌聜刹闄?quán)概念定位后,將研究對(duì)象限定為公安機(jī)關(guān)的刑事偵查權(quán)并且該權(quán)力不僅需要滿足邏輯學(xué)定義的要求,還要具有正當(dāng)性。除此之外,還對(duì)公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)的權(quán)屬進(jìn)行辨析,得出刑事偵查權(quán)兼具行政權(quán)與司法權(quán)的雙重屬性更為符合刑事偵查權(quán)的運(yùn)作現(xiàn)狀。正因如此,從而其具備了行政權(quán)的擴(kuò)張、強(qiáng)制等性質(zhì)�；趯�(duì)上述兩大基礎(chǔ)問(wèn)題的分析,得出兩大問(wèn)題是為需要對(duì)公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)進(jìn)行制衡的基礎(chǔ)所在。第二部分為公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)失范現(xiàn)象的實(shí)證研究。本章節(jié)立足于公安機(jī)關(guān)在具體實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中運(yùn)行刑事偵查權(quán)存在的問(wèn)題,并通過(guò)林林總總有關(guān)公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)運(yùn)行不當(dāng)?shù)南嚓P(guān)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)就公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)運(yùn)行存在問(wèn)題的原因進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的剖析。同時(shí),從檢察機(jī)關(guān)在偵查監(jiān)督方面這個(gè)角度切入,通過(guò)對(duì)檢察機(jī)關(guān)所公布的偵查監(jiān)督方面的實(shí)證數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行歸納、總結(jié),也可以從側(cè)面幫助我們來(lái)揭示公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)運(yùn)行所存在的失范現(xiàn)象。此外,公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)失范的原因不單單是其本身存在問(wèn)題,身為法律監(jiān)督機(jī)關(guān)的檢察機(jī)關(guān)也有一定的失職或是監(jiān)督無(wú)力的現(xiàn)象。通過(guò)對(duì)公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)失范現(xiàn)象的研究,旨在盡可能全面揭示刑事偵查權(quán)運(yùn)用不當(dāng)?shù)母此?以便為后文如何有針對(duì)性地提出切實(shí)可行的解決方案把準(zhǔn)方向。第三部分為刑事偵查權(quán)制衡機(jī)制的域外考察。世界全球化的今天,形形色色不同領(lǐng)域的交往愈發(fā)頻繁。從地域?yàn)橹鬏S的橫向維度入手,對(duì)同時(shí)期的他國(guó)刑事偵查權(quán)制衡機(jī)制做必要的介紹與總結(jié),對(duì)我國(guó)的公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)制衡機(jī)制的完善與建立具有十分重要的借鑒意義。當(dāng)今世界法律的主流文化無(wú)疑是英美法系與大陸法系,而在其中尤以美國(guó)、法國(guó)為兩大法系的杰出代表,對(duì)比這兩個(gè)國(guó)家在刑事偵查權(quán)制衡機(jī)制上的異同最具有典型意義。本章主要從對(duì)美國(guó)、法國(guó)刑事偵查權(quán)現(xiàn)在的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)進(jìn)行介紹,歸納出美國(guó)、法國(guó)對(duì)于刑事偵查權(quán)制衡的具體路徑及其變化,進(jìn)而總結(jié)出美國(guó)、法國(guó)對(duì)于刑事偵查權(quán)制衡的特色是以權(quán)力與權(quán)利的衡平為基本理念,以程序完善為具體落腳點(diǎn)進(jìn)行制衡的結(jié)論。希望通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)外的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行“去粗取精”,“去偽存真”,借鑒一些理念與思路,為構(gòu)建符合中國(guó)國(guó)情的公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)制衡機(jī)制提供可行的方法。第四部分為公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)制衡機(jī)制的再建構(gòu)。本章是全文的落腳點(diǎn),也是研究公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)失范現(xiàn)象并予以有效制衡的最終歸宿。為此,本部分的內(nèi)容是在對(duì)第一部分、第二部分等公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)基本問(wèn)題以及實(shí)踐過(guò)程之中存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行深入分析,細(xì)致考察了美國(guó)、法國(guó)等兩大法系典型國(guó)家對(duì)刑事偵查權(quán)制約的路徑、方法的基礎(chǔ)之上,對(duì)我國(guó)公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)制衡機(jī)制進(jìn)行再建構(gòu)。通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)變公安機(jī)關(guān)積弊已久的陳舊思想觀念,在全面深化依法治國(guó)的大背景下改革公安機(jī)關(guān)現(xiàn)有的績(jī)效考核體制來(lái)完善公安機(jī)關(guān)的內(nèi)部制衡機(jī)制。同時(shí)也要重視公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)的外部制衡機(jī)制。一是強(qiáng)化檢察機(jī)關(guān)的偵查監(jiān)督職能,通過(guò)對(duì)檢察機(jī)關(guān)原有偵查監(jiān)督權(quán)力的“剛性”轉(zhuǎn)變到某些權(quán)力的變相授予促使檢察機(jī)關(guān)的偵查監(jiān)督工作更為有效。二是發(fā)揮法院在刑事訴訟中通過(guò)非法證據(jù)排除、刑事處罰制裁的本職權(quán)力對(duì)公安機(jī)關(guān)刑事偵查權(quán)進(jìn)行制衡。最后,除了對(duì)公、檢、法三部門在權(quán)力上進(jìn)行完善優(yōu)化之外,也要賦予刑事訴訟程序的相對(duì)方以更完善的權(quán)利,包括當(dāng)事人的知情、救濟(jì),辯護(hù)律師的法律幫助等權(quán)利。以這些權(quán)利來(lái)抗衡國(guó)家權(quán)力的過(guò)度強(qiáng)大,保證公安機(jī)關(guān)的刑事偵查權(quán)始終運(yùn)行在法律的規(guī)定范圍之內(nèi)。
[Abstract]:The Communist Party of China since eighteen, "four comprehensive" strategy to accelerate the pace of construction of socialist modernization. Chinese "comprehensively promote the strategy of governing the country according to law" opened a new chapter in the construction of socialist rule of law China characteristics. At the same time, "Nie Shubin case", "vocative Gilles pattern", read bin case etc. series of miscarriages of justice continue to be exposed, serious damage to the good image of the rule of law. All cases are friends "inquisition by torture" figure, no doubt to spearhead the public security organs. Built in the socialist legal system China characteristics, the deepening of the concept of the rule of law and the rule of law at present, the formation of misfits abuse problem of the right of criminal investigation of public security organs the exposed, and even become a great barrier to the formation of the rule of law, the public security organs of criminal investigation power effectively to ensure the balance in law The scope of law within the legitimate exercise of power, the right to fight against criminal activities is of great significance. In this article based on the related concepts of criminal investigation power on the first will be the main research object of this exercise falls in the public security organs of criminal investigation power of the body, and then to the public security organ related empirical data of criminal investigation power screening, statistics and effective integration and data integration through the analysis of the existing public security organs in the criminal indictment of the operation. By referring to the mainland, the typical countries of Anglo American law system in the United States and France experience in balancing the power of criminal investigation, put forward some feasible path of construction of China's public security organs of criminal investigation power. This paper is divided into the four chapter: the first part is the multidimensional positioning of criminal investigation power. The concept is the most basic elements of the same things. Only after clear a specific concept, To make a further study on the related problems in academic and practical circles, two scholars, experts of criminal investigation power has made the corresponding definition, analysis in two areas of the criminal investigation power concept positioning, the research object is limited to the public security organs in the criminal investigation power and the power not only need to meet the requirements of logic definition, but also has the legitimacy. In addition, the public security organs of criminal investigation right of ownership, the right of criminal investigation has the dual attributes of administrative power and judicial power is more accord with the operation status of the right of criminal investigation. Because of this, so the expansion of administrative power, compulsory the analysis of the above properties. Two basic problems based on two of the problem is for the need of the public security organs of criminal investigation power balance based. The second part is the public security organs in criminal investigation right An empirical study on the anomie phenomenon. This chapter is based on the operation of the criminal investigation power existed in the concrete practice on the issue of public security organs, and through numerous relevant public security bureau of criminal investigation power operation data related to improper statistics of the public security organs of criminal investigation power to have the problem the reason to carry on the analysis. At the same time, starting from in the view of procuratorial organs investigation and supervision, through empirical investigation supervision of the procuratorial organs are published by summing up the conclusion, but also can help us to reveal the existence of the public security organs of criminal investigation power anomie from the side. In addition, the public security organs of criminal investigation reason of fan power is not only its own the problems, as the prosecution of legal supervision organs have certain dereliction of duty or is unable to supervise the phenomenon. According to the public security organs of criminal investigation power anomie Research on the phenomenon, to reveal the power of criminal investigation, as far as possible the improper use of the origin, so as to the how to put forward a feasible solution to the right direction. The third part is the extraterritorial application of the balance mechanism of the right of criminal investigation. The world of globalization, different areas of the increasingly frequent exchanges of every hue from the region. The horizontal dimension for the spindle of the necessary introduction and summary of the same period of his country's criminal investigation power balance mechanism, to improve China's public security organs of criminal investigation power balance mechanism and establishment has very important significance. The mainstream culture in today's world of law is the common law and civil law, and in especially in the United States, France is the outstanding representative of the two law systems, comparison of the two countries in the criminal investigation power balance mechanism on the similarities and differences of the most typical. This chapter mainly from For the United States, the running state of France criminal investigation right now are introduced, summarized in the United States, France for the specific path of criminal investigation power balance and changes, and then summed up the United States, France for the criminal investigation power balance is the characteristics of the balance of powers and rights as the basic concept, to improve the program balance conclusion for the specific goal I hope. "Through the relevant experience of the foreign proceeding", "true", referring to some concepts and ideas, and provides a feasible way to construct China national public security organs of criminal investigation power balance mechanism. The fourth part of the construction for public Security Bureau of criminal investigation power balance mechanism. This chapter is the foothold of the thesis, is to study the public security organs of criminal investigation power anomie and final destination of effective checks and balances. Therefore, this part is in the first part, the second part In-depth analysis of the existing basic problems such as the public security organs of the right of criminal investigation and practice process of the problem, a detailed study of the United States, the path of typical countries restrict the right of criminal investigation and France two law systems, based on above method, the balance mechanism of China's public security organs of criminal investigation power to construct old ideas through the transformation of public security. Organs that have long, in the background of deepening the rule of law under the reform of the public security organs performance evaluation system to improve the existing public security organs of the internal control mechanism. At the same time also should pay attention to the public security organs of criminal investigation power external balance mechanism. One is to strengthen the supervision functions of procuratorial organs of the investigation, the original investigation and supervision power of procuratorial organs the "rigid" changes to some power in the investigation and supervision work of procuratorial organs to promote more effective. The two is to play in the criminal court The exclusion of illegal evidence in civil litigation, criminal sanctions punishment of the public security organs in their power of criminal investigation power balance. Finally, in addition to the public, prosecutors, law three departments of optimization in power, the relative party should be given criminal procedure with more perfect rights, including the party's relief, lawyer's legal help right. To the right to compete with state power over strong, public security organs of criminal investigation power has always been run within the scope of legal provisions.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D920.0

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