本文關(guān)鍵詞： 唐代司法官責(zé)任制度的內(nèi)容 特點 成因 評價 啟示　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：唐代的司法官責(zé)任制度是由最初的夏、商、西周萌芽時期的模糊規(guī)定,到秦時確立,并經(jīng)漢、三國兩晉南北朝和隋的發(fā)展,而最終在唐代定型,成為一個成熟完善的法律制度。 唐代司法官責(zé)任制度的規(guī)范詳備、內(nèi)涵豐富。由于民刑有分,因此它的責(zé)任主體分為刑事司法機關(guān)與司法官、民事司法機關(guān)與司法官。在具體內(nèi)容上,它主要包括違法不受理訴訟和受理訴訟的法律責(zé)任、違法審訊的法律責(zé)任、違法判決的法律責(zé)任和違法執(zhí)行判決的法律責(zé)任。每一項法律責(zé)任的內(nèi)容又都不是單一的,本身又包含很多不同的情形。 通過對唐代司法官責(zé)任制度的字斟字酌,可總結(jié)出它具有如下的基本特征：其一,法律化、制度化；其二,司法官身份的兼容性：司法權(quán)與行政權(quán)合一；其三,懲罰方式以刑罰為主；其四,特有的責(zé)任連帶原則。而且,唐代司法官責(zé)任制度的形成并非一蹴而就的,而是經(jīng)過了二千多年的歷史發(fā)展的積淀,在政治方面、經(jīng)濟方面、思想文化方面、統(tǒng)治者個人方面等因素的合力之下形成的。唐之后的各朝各代雖也有創(chuàng)新,但在很大程度上是承繼唐代的,所以唐代司法官責(zé)任制度具有承上啟下的歷史作用。 不容質(zhì)疑,唐代司法官責(zé)任制度的建立、運行對唐代的司法秩序乃至整個社會的穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展都產(chǎn)生了深刻的影響。首先,它為司法官的具體司法實踐行為提供了法律依據(jù),進而為司法活動的有序進行提供了保障；其次,它通過整頓吏治使社會秩序趨向平穩(wěn),從而鞏固統(tǒng)治者的政權(quán),以致出現(xiàn)了中國封建社會歷史上少有的黃金時期——“貞觀之治”和“開元盛世”；最后,它通過對司法官違法行為的處罰,緩和了階級矛盾,平衡了民眾心理。但是在封建專制制度的歷史條件下,它又不可避免地具有無法突破的局限性：以皇權(quán)為中心的君主專制制度、以禮為核心的宗法等級特權(quán)制度和由于社會整體環(huán)境的制約而造成的制度與實踐的背離現(xiàn)象。 歷史的發(fā)展具有延續(xù)性,以古鑒今,唐代司法官責(zé)任制度正反兩方面的經(jīng)驗和教訓(xùn)給當(dāng)今社會很大的啟示,首先要學(xué)習(xí)唐代統(tǒng)治者重視法律、依法治吏的精神,還要充分發(fā)揮現(xiàn)有的司法官責(zé)任立法規(guī)定的作用,最重要的是重視司法實踐活動,實現(xiàn)司法實踐與制度規(guī)定的相統(tǒng)一。
[Abstract]:The system of the responsibility of the magistrates in the Tang Dynasty was established by the initial vague regulations of the germination period of the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou dynasties, and was established by the Han Dynasty, the three Kingdoms, the Southern and Northern dynasties and the Sui Dynasty, and was finally finalized in the Tang Dynasty. Become a mature and perfect legal system. The system of the responsibility of the magistrates in the Tang Dynasty is full of norms and rich connotations. Because of the division of civil and criminal punishment, its main responsibility is divided into criminal judicial organs and magistrates, civil judicial organs and magistrates. In the specific content. It mainly includes the legal responsibility of not accepting the lawsuit and accepting the lawsuit, and the legal responsibility of illegal trial. The legal liability of illegal judgment and the legal liability of illegal execution of judgment. The content of each legal liability is not single and contains many different situations. By examining the responsibility system of the magistrates in the Tang Dynasty, we can conclude that it has the following basic characteristics: first, legalization and institutionalization; Secondly, the compatibility of the judge's identity: the combination of judicial power and executive power; Third, penalty is the main way of punishment; Fourth, the unique principle of joint and several liability. Moreover, the formation of the responsibility system of the Tang Dynasty is not overnight, but after more than 2,000 years of historical development, in the political, economic aspects. Ideological and cultural aspects, rulers and other factors formed under the joint forces. After the Tang Dynasty, although there are innovations in the dynasties, but to a large extent is inherited from the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, the system of the responsibility of magistrates in the Tang Dynasty has the historical function of connecting the past with the following. There is no doubt that the establishment of the system of the responsibility of magistrates in the Tang Dynasty, the operation of the Tang Dynasty judicial order and even the stability and development of the whole society have a profound impact. First of all. It provides the legal basis for the concrete judicial practice of the magistrates, and then provides the guarantee for the orderly conduct of the judicial activities; Secondly, it made the social order steady by rectifying the official administration, thus consolidating the rulers' political power, which led to the emergence of the rare golden period in the history of Chinese feudal society-"the rule of virginity" and "the prosperous age of Kaiyuan"; Finally, it alleviates the class contradiction and balances the public psychology by punishing the lawbreaking actions of the magistrates, but under the historical condition of the feudal autocracy. It inevitably has the limitations that cannot be broken through: the autocratic monarchy centered on the imperial power. The deviation between the system and practice caused by the restriction of the whole social environment and the patriarchal hierarchy privilege system with ceremony as the core. The development of history has a continuity, in order to learn from the past and the present, the experience and lessons of the responsibility system of the magistrates in the Tang Dynasty have great enlightenment to the society today. First of all, we should learn from the rulers of the Tang Dynasty to attach importance to the law. The spirit of administering officials according to law should give full play to the role of the existing legislative provisions on the responsibility of magistrates. The most important thing is to attach importance to judicial practice and realize the unification of judicial practice and system provisions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D929;D926

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