本文選題：民族醫(yī)藥 + 大青木�。� 參考：《貴州民族大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：苗族是我國(guó)古老的少數(shù)民族之一,絕大多數(shù)分布于我國(guó)云貴高原及其邊緣地帶。在其長(zhǎng)期的歷史發(fā)展過(guò)程中,苗族人民創(chuàng)造了眾多優(yōu)秀的傳統(tǒng)文化,醫(yī)藥文化并是其中之一。苗族同胞在其漫長(zhǎng)的有疾病做斗爭(zhēng)的歷史中,創(chuàng)造了獨(dú)具特色而又適應(yīng)其生存環(huán)境的傳統(tǒng)藥用植物利用的知識(shí)。但是隨著現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的發(fā)展和外來(lái)文化的沖擊,苗族人民的傳統(tǒng)生活生計(jì)方式和生活環(huán)境發(fā)生了改變,對(duì)其各文化的傳承造成了很大的影響,傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥文化也一樣。傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥知識(shí)在苗族地區(qū)的傳承僅靠口傳心授,沒有本民族文字記載,面臨流失。因此調(diào)查和收集、完善苗族傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥知識(shí),結(jié)合植物化學(xué)和藥理學(xué)研究,為苗族傳統(tǒng)藥用知識(shí)提供理論支持,有利于促進(jìn)苗族傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥文化的保護(hù)和傳承。在文獻(xiàn)研究、野外調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)關(guān)鍵人物訪談、半結(jié)構(gòu)式訪談等方法獲取苗族相關(guān)的傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥知識(shí),采集藥物憑證標(biāo)本,記錄和整理調(diào)查所得信息,與前人研究結(jié)果做對(duì)比,完善苗族傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥文化知識(shí)。就苗藥大青木(Clerodendron cyrtophyllum)在民間的認(rèn)知及藥用情況作出調(diào)查,對(duì)其化學(xué)成分及相關(guān)活性作出研究。采用GC-MS法分析大青木中位揮發(fā)性成分,同時(shí)采用多種色譜分離方法(硅膠柱層析、凝膠層析、ODS、高速逆流色譜、中壓制備色譜、高效液相色譜等)分離石油醚部位化合物,通過(guò)理化常數(shù)和光譜、波普(IR、UV、MS、1D"2DNMR)等方法分析鑒定結(jié)構(gòu),通過(guò)藥理學(xué)方法進(jìn)行評(píng)估和篩選活性成分。1.共走訪調(diào)查了黎平、榕江、丹寨等地8個(gè)苗族村寨、3個(gè)侗族村寨、2個(gè)水族村寨,訪談了25名關(guān)鍵人物(14名當(dāng)?shù)夭葆t(yī)),了解了大青木在當(dāng)?shù)胤植?認(rèn)知及應(yīng)用情況,以及其它的一些常見、常用的草藥的命名、用法、用藥習(xí)慣,結(jié)合文獻(xiàn)研究結(jié)果,總結(jié)了部分苗藥的命名方法,用藥習(xí)慣等。2.采用GC-MS法從大青木的95%乙醇提取,石油醚萃取部位分離檢測(cè)出28個(gè)化合物,二氯甲烷萃取部位分離檢測(cè)出12個(gè)化合物;從大青木的石油醚萃取部位分離得到20個(gè)化合物,鑒定了5個(gè)化合物結(jié)構(gòu)3.測(cè)定大青木粗提物于人肺癌細(xì)胞株A549、人口腔上皮癌細(xì)胞株KB、人口腔上皮癌細(xì)胞株KB-VIN、人乳腺癌細(xì)胞株MCF、人乳腺癌細(xì)胞株MDA-MB-231的抑制率,研究結(jié)果表明大青木粗提物沒有抗腫瘤活性。本研究對(duì)于苗藥大青木在貴州部分少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的分布、命名、用法、等作了初步了解。同時(shí)對(duì)于苗藥大青木的化學(xué)成分、藥理活性作了較為系統(tǒng)的研究,對(duì)于大青木的民族民間應(yīng)用的合理性做出了解釋。為大青木的研究、開發(fā)和利用提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Miao nationality is one of the ancient minorities in China, most of them are distributed in Yungui Plateau and its fringe. In its long-term historical development, the Miao people have created many excellent traditional culture, medical culture is one of them. In their long history of fighting diseases, the Miao people have created unique knowledge about the utilization of traditional medicinal plants which are suitable for their living environment. However, with the development of modern society and the impact of foreign culture, the traditional lifestyle and living environment of the Miao people have been changed, which has a great impact on the inheritance of their cultures, as well as the traditional medicine culture. The inheritance of traditional medicine knowledge in Miao nationality area only depends on oral instruction, without the written records of this nationality, it is faced with loss. So investigating and collecting, perfecting Miao traditional medicine knowledge, combining plant chemistry and pharmacology research, providing theoretical support for Miao traditional medicine knowledge, is helpful to promote the protection and inheritance of Miao traditional medicine culture. On the basis of literature research and field investigation, the traditional medical knowledge of Miao nationality was acquired through key character interview, semi-structured interview and so on. The samples of drug voucher were collected, and the information obtained from the investigation was recorded and collated. Compared with the previous research results, improve the Miao traditional medicine culture knowledge. The cognitive and medicinal conditions of Clerodendron Clerodendron cyrtophyllum were investigated and its chemical constituents and related activities were studied. The GC-MS method was used to analyze the middle volatile components of Daqingmu, and a variety of chromatographic separation methods (silica gel column chromatography, gel chromatography, high speed countercurrent chromatography, medium pressure preparation chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, etc.) were used to separate petroleum ether compounds. The structure was identified by physicochemical constants and spectra, and the active components were evaluated and screened by pharmacological method. A total of 8 Miao, 3 Dong and 2 aquarium villages in Liping, Rongjiang and Danzhai were investigated, and 25 key figures, including 14 local grass doctors, were interviewed to understand the local distribution, cognition and application of Daqingmu. As well as some other common, commonly used herbal names, usage, medication habits, combined with the results of literature, summarized some of the seedling drug naming methods, drug use habits and so on. 2. 28 compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol, 28 compounds were isolated from petroleum ether extraction site, 12 compounds were isolated from dichloromethane extraction site, 20 compounds were isolated from petroleum ether extraction site of Daqing wood by GC-MS method. The structures of five compounds were identified. The inhibitory rate of the crude extract of Daqing wood on human lung cancer cell line A549, human oral epithelial carcinoma cell line KB, human oral epithelial carcinoma cell line KB-VIN, human breast cancer cell line MCFF and human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was determined. The results showed that the crude extract of Daqing wood had no antitumor activity. In this study, the distribution, nomenclature, usage, and so on of the seedling medicine Daqingmu in some minority areas of Guizhou were preliminarily understood. At the same time, the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of the seedling drug Daqingmu were systematically studied, and the rationality of the folk application of Daqingmu was explained. It provides the theoretical basis for the research, development and utilization of the big green wood.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R29

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本文編號(hào)：1860858