本文選題：西藏沙棘葉　切入點(diǎn)：生態(tài)適宜性　出處：《成都中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：藏醫(yī)藥歷史悠久,理論體系完整,有其獨(dú)特的療效作用,使用人群眾多,是具有代表性的傳統(tǒng)民族醫(yī)藥之一。沙棘為典型多基原藏藥,據(jù)《晶珠本草》記載藏藥沙棘分為大、中、小3種,小沙棘即為西藏沙棘Hippophae thibetana Schlechtend(藏文名“薩達(dá)爾”)。西藏沙棘是青藏高原上分布較廣的沙棘種類,且其根系較為發(fā)達(dá),在高原地區(qū)有著極為重要的保持水土作用,具有重要的生態(tài)價(jià)值。西藏沙棘果已被收錄于《四川省藏藥材標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(2014年版),是沙棘膏主要來源之一,也可單獨(dú)應(yīng)用,具有“滋補(bǔ)肝陰的功效”。已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)沙棘葉中也富含黃酮類及其他營養(yǎng)成分,且沙棘葉資源豐富便于采集,是藥品、保健食品、化妝品及飼料等產(chǎn)品的原料,具有重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值�！端拇ㄊ〔厮幉臉�(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(2014版)收載了沙棘葉(中國沙棘葉、云南沙棘葉)的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。但目前,對西藏沙棘葉的相關(guān)研究較少,為充分利用西藏沙棘資源,本文考察了西藏沙棘資源分布及生態(tài)適宜性特點(diǎn)；對西藏沙棘葉進(jìn)行品種鑒定；對西藏沙棘葉中黃酮類成分進(jìn)行研究；并建立西藏沙棘葉的質(zhì)量評價(jià)方法,保證了其臨床用藥的有效性和藥用資源的可持續(xù)性,為西藏沙棘資源開發(fā)利用提供依據(jù)。目的：1.調(diào)查西藏沙棘資源分布和生態(tài)適宜性特點(diǎn),為西藏沙棘資源利用提供依據(jù)。2.鑒別西藏沙棘的真?zhèn)巍?.對西藏沙棘葉中黃酮類成分進(jìn)行分離純化,建立西藏沙棘葉TLC鑒別、HPLC含量測定方法,初步建立西藏沙棘葉質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。方法：1.基于Maxent生態(tài)位模型及GIS研究西藏沙棘H. thibetana Schlechtend,在我國的地理分布,以及影響西藏沙棘地理分布的主要生態(tài)因子特征；對西藏沙棘潛在分布區(qū)域進(jìn)行了生長適宜性等級劃分。2.采用DNA條形碼技術(shù),對西藏沙棘進(jìn)行基原鑒定。3.采用大孔吸附樹脂、Sephadex LH-20.聚酰胺等柱色譜法對西藏沙棘葉乙醇提取物分離純化,結(jié)合1H-NMR、13C-NMR、MS等波譜技術(shù)確定化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)。以槲皮素、山奈素、異鼠李素為對照品,建立西藏沙棘葉的TLC鑒別和HPLC含量測定方法,同時(shí)對西藏沙棘葉藥材的性狀、檢查項(xiàng)、浸出物等進(jìn)行研究。結(jié)果：1.采用人工(Manual)分級方法分析,劃分出各生態(tài)因子圖層相應(yīng)的西藏沙棘適宜性分布區(qū)域,結(jié)果表明西藏沙棘分布在青藏高原的高寒草原區(qū)域,主要受7月、8月、12月降水量、2月氣溫等影響。在我國適宜區(qū)面積47.778萬平方千米,較適宜區(qū)面積為47.55萬平方千米。2.ITS2序列能成功鑒別西藏沙棘與混偽品。3.從西藏沙棘葉乙醇提取物中分離得到11個(gè)黃酮類化合物,分別為：槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(1)；異鼠李素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(2)；異鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(3)：異鼠李素-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(4)；水仙苷(5);槲皮苷(6)；異鼠李-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)；異鼠李素-7-O-a-L-鼠李糖苷(8)：異鼠李素(9)；山奈素(10)；槲皮素(11)。4.確定了西藏沙棘葉性狀、TLC鑒別方法；規(guī)定了西藏沙棘葉檢查項(xiàng)的限度,即水分不得超過11.0%,總灰分不得超過5.0%,酸不溶性灰分不得超過0.4%,醇溶性的浸出物不得少于14.0%；測定了西藏沙棘葉中黃酮類含量,槲皮素含量在0.092%～0.282%之間,平均值為0.183%；異鼠李素含量在0.225%～0.666%之間,平均值為0.388%；山奈素含量在0.080～0.324%之間,平均值為0.195%。以干燥品計(jì)算,槲皮素不得少于0.146%、異鼠李素不得少于0.310%、山奈素不得少于0.156%。結(jié)論：1.西藏沙棘的資源分布主要在青藏高原的高寒草原區(qū)域,生長密度較大。生態(tài)因子中海拔及溫度季節(jié)性變化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差對西藏沙棘的生長適宜度影響最大。2.ITS2序列能準(zhǔn)確快速鑒別西藏沙棘葉,為西藏沙棘葉的鑒別提供新方法。3.研究了西藏沙棘葉中黃酮類化學(xué)成分。4.初步建立西藏沙棘葉的質(zhì)量控制方法。
[Abstract]:Tibetan medicine has a long history, a complete theoretical system, has its unique curative effect, the use of the masses more than the traditional ethnic medicine is one of the representative. As a typical multi Seabuckthorn original Tibetan medicine, according to the < jingzhubencao > record of seabuckthorn, divided into 3 kinds, small, small sea buckthorn is Hippophae thibetana of seabuckthorn in Tibet Schlechtend (Tibetan name "Sardar"). Tibet is widely distributed species of sea buckthorn Hippophae on Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and its roots are more developed, has a very important role in soil and water conservation in the plateau region, has important ecological value. Tibet has been included in the sea backthern fruit in Sichuan Province, Tibetan medicine standard < > (2014 version), is one of the main sources of sea buckthorn cream, can also be used alone, with the efficacy of nourishing liver yin ". Studies have found that sea buckthorn leaves are rich in flavonoids and other nutrients, and sea buckthorn leaves rich resources to collect, medicine, health care Food, cosmetics and feed products such as raw materials, has an important economic value in Sichuan province. The Tibetan medicine standard "(2014 Edition) containing the seabuckthorn leaves (Chinese seabuckthorn leaf, Yunnan seabuckthorn leaf) quality standards. But at present, the relevant research on Tibet sea buckthorn leaves less, to make full use of Tibet seabuckthorn resources. This paper examines the Tibet sea buckthorn resources distribution and ecological suitability characteristics; species identification of Tibet seabuckthorn leaf; Study on Flavonoids of seabuckthorn leaves in Tibet; and establish the quality evaluation method of Tibet seabuckthorn leaves, to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of the clinical use of medicinal resources, provide the basis for the development and utilization of seabuckthorn resources Tibet. Objective: 1. to investigate the Tibet characteristics of seabuckthorn resources distribution and ecological suitability, provide the basis for the identification of.2..3. on the authenticity of Tibet Seabuckthorn flavonoids from Tibet seabuckthorn leaves for Tibet seabuckthorn resources utilization Separation and purification, the establishment of Tibet sea buckthorn leaves TLC identification, HPLC method for the determination of content, the initial establishment of Tibet seabuckthorn leaf quality standard. Methods: 1. based on the Maxent model and the niche of seabuckthorn in Tibet H. thibetana Schlechtend GIS, geographic distribution in China, and the main ecological factors influencing the characteristics of geographical distribution of seabuckthorn in Tibet; the Tibet sea buckthorn potential the regional distribution of growth suitability grades of.2. using DNA barcode technology based on Tibet sea buckthorn identification by.3. macroporous resin, polyamide and Sephadex LH-20. column chromatography of ethanol extracts from leaves of seabuckthorn in Tibet purification, combined with 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS spectroscopy to determine the structure of compounds. With quercetin, Yama Nasu. Isorhamnetin as reference, to establish a method for determination of TLC identification and HPLC content of Tibet seabuckthorn leaves, while the Tibet sea buckthorn leaf medicinal properties. Check and study extract. Results: 1. using artificial classification method (Manual) analysis, divides the regional distribution of the ecological factors of seabuckthorn in Tibet proper layer corresponding, the results show that the Tibet sea buckthorn distribution in alpine steppe regions of the Tibetan Plateau, mainly by July, August, December, precipitation, influence of temperature in February. In China the suitable area of 477 thousand and 780 square kilometers, the suitable area is 475 thousand and 500 square kilometers.2.ITS2 sequence can get 11 flavonoids isolated from ethanol extracts from leaves of seabuckthorn in Tibet in the successful identification of Tibet Seabuckthorn and adulterants.3. respectively: Quercetin -3-O- beta -D- glucose -7-O- alpha -L- rhamnoside (1); isorhamnetin -3-O- beta -D- galactose -7-O- alpha -L- rhamnoside (2); isorhamnetin -3-O- beta -D- glucose -7-O- alpha -L- rhamnoside (3): Isorhmnetin -3-O- -L- alpha -7-O- alpha -L- in Arabia pyranoses Li Tanggan (4); water Xian glycosides (5); quercitrin (6); isorhamnetin -3-O- beta -D- glucoside (7); isorhamnetin -7-O-a-L- rhamnoside (8): Isorhmnetin (9); kaempferol quercetin (10); (11).4. to determine the Tibet sea buckthorn leaf traits, the identification method of TLC; the provisions of the Tibet sea buckthorn leaves check limit, namely water shall not exceed 11% of the total ash not more than 5%, acid insoluble ash shall not exceed 0.4%, alcohol soluble extract of not less than 14%; the content of flavonoid in leaves of seabuckthorn in Tibet were determined, the content of quercetin in 0.092% ~ 0.282%, the average value of 0.183%; isorhamnetin the content in 0.225% ~ 0.666%, the average value is 0.388%; kaempferol content in 0.080 ~ 0.324% between the average value of 0.195%. calculated on dry goods, quercetin Isorhmnetin shall not be less than 0.146%, not less than 0.310%, not less than 0.156%. of kaempferol: 1. Tibet sea buckthorn resources distribution 鍦ㄩ潚钘忛珮鍘熺殑楂樺瘨鑽夊師鍖哄煙,鐢熼暱瀵嗗害杈冨ぇ.鐢熸，

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