基于結(jié)構(gòu)性工作單的科學(xué)探究評價之實證研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-06 15:48
【摘要】：隨著基礎(chǔ)教育改革的深入,科學(xué)教育工作者和研究人員越來越清楚地認識到,科學(xué)教育的終極目標是“科學(xué)素養(yǎng)”,把一小部分人培養(yǎng)成科學(xué)家不是科學(xué)教育的目的,而是要把所有人都培養(yǎng)成有科學(xué)素養(yǎng)的人。因此,近代深化科學(xué)教育的改革中,凸顯了科學(xué)探究的地位,與之相對應(yīng)的是如何評價科學(xué)探究?鑒于科學(xué)探究的特殊性,傳統(tǒng)的紙筆測驗顯然不能完全勝任對科學(xué)探究的評價,受到教育者的詬病,教育者孜孜以求更加適合科學(xué)探究的多樣化評價方式。研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)表現(xiàn)性評價似乎更加契合科學(xué)探究評價,表現(xiàn)性評價包括現(xiàn)場觀察和工作單,后者因其高效性被應(yīng)用于諸多國際性評價項目中。我國的新課程標準凸顯了科學(xué)探究的重要地位,同時也對科學(xué)探究的評價提出了新的要求。與現(xiàn)場觀察法不同的是,工作單不需要耗費過大的人力物力,一個施測者就可以完成幾十人甚至更多人的評價任務(wù),尤其適合我國的國情,近年來被我國研究者所推崇,但是我國對工作單的研究尚不多,因而基于工作單對科學(xué)探究進行評價的研究具有十分重要的理論和實踐意義。科學(xué)探究評價的研究表明,任何關(guān)于科學(xué)探究的評價都無法繞開兩個重要問題,即：科學(xué)探究是什么?采用何種評價方式?本研究基于美國《新一代科學(xué)教育標準》(NGSS)中科學(xué)探究的內(nèi)涵和要素,以結(jié)構(gòu)性工作單的方式作新的更深嘗試,以期為研究者和教育者提供參考。本論文共分為七章,引言部分簡要闡述了工作單研究的概況,并從深化課程改革的內(nèi)在需求、科學(xué)核心素養(yǎng)提出內(nèi)涵落實的需要以及科學(xué)探究評價的困難三個方面分析了本研究選題的意義。第一章,文獻綜述。對國內(nèi)外學(xué)者在科學(xué)探究、工作單、結(jié)構(gòu)性工作單方面的研究方面做了較為詳盡的綜述,展示了領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的研究嘗試和研究成果,為研究的開展奠定了堅實的理論基礎(chǔ)。第二章,本論文的研究理論基礎(chǔ)。研究以多元智力理論和建構(gòu)主義學(xué)習(xí)理論作為理論基礎(chǔ)。概括來說,多元智力理論認為每個學(xué)生都是獨特的,應(yīng)當(dāng)注意到個體之間發(fā)展的差異性和個體發(fā)展的不均衡性。而建構(gòu)主義的觀點認為,教育評價的重點應(yīng)該是知識獲得的過程,而不僅僅是結(jié)果。第三章,研究問題與設(shè)計。首先明確提出了論文研究的主要問題。其次,梳理和界定了“科學(xué)探究”、“表現(xiàn)性評價”和“工作單”的核心概念。在此基礎(chǔ)上,確立了本文的研究路線和方法,研究路線主要是構(gòu)建和修訂工作單的評價指標,并應(yīng)用結(jié)構(gòu)性工作單評估浙江省初中學(xué)生的科學(xué)探究現(xiàn)狀,并主要采用以文獻法、問卷調(diào)查法和訪談法開展研究。第四章,基于工作單的科學(xué)探究評價指標的構(gòu)建。評價目標以美國《新一代科學(xué)教育標準》中對“科學(xué)探究”的要素和期望為依據(jù)。評價的任務(wù)有多方面的途徑,本文主要解析我國《義務(wù)教育初中科學(xué)課程標準》中適合作為評價任務(wù)的內(nèi)容。在認真解讀NGSS中科學(xué)探究的要素和內(nèi)涵后,結(jié)合教育專家的意見形成了本研究的評價指標。然后基于結(jié)構(gòu)性工作單的設(shè)計思想研究設(shè)計了結(jié)構(gòu)性工作單的主要框架。此外,設(shè)計了三個工作單(工作單A、工作單B、工作單C)進行了試測,檢驗了結(jié)構(gòu)性工作單的可行性并對本研究的評價指標進行了修訂。第五章,工作單的編制與調(diào)研。介紹了調(diào)研工具的設(shè)計、調(diào)研對象的選擇以及文本編碼等前期工作。第六章,數(shù)據(jù)分析。采用試測過的三個工作單,選擇了浙江省溫州市閣巷中學(xué)、金華市第十六中學(xué)和舟山市岱山初級中學(xué),共計三個地市、三所學(xué)校、360名學(xué)生進行了施測。從探究任務(wù)和地區(qū)兩個維度,結(jié)合定量分析和定性分析對調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)進行了深入分析。第七章,研究結(jié)論、反思與建議。本章總述了本研究研究形成的結(jié)論,分析了研究過程中的條件限制和不足,并對研究的進一步展開提供了建議。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the reform of basic education, scientific educators and researchers have become more and more aware that the ultimate goal of science education is "scientific literacy". It is not the purpose of science education to cultivate a small number of people as scientific education, but to bring all people into scientific literacy. Therefore, modern education is deepened. In the reform, it highlights the position of scientific inquiry, and how to evaluate scientific inquiry. In view of the particularity of scientific inquiry, the traditional paper and pen tests are obviously not fully competent for the evaluation of scientific inquiry, criticized by the educators, and the educator diligently seeks a variety of evaluation methods suitable for scientific inquiry. The present performance evaluation seems to be more consistent with the scientific inquiry evaluation. The performance evaluation includes field observation and work sheet. The latter has been applied to many international evaluation projects because of its high efficiency. The new curriculum standards in China have highlighted the importance of scientific inquiry, and also put forward new requirements for the evaluation of scientific research. The difference is that the work list does not need to consume too much manpower and material resources, and a measuring person can accomplish the evaluation task of dozens or even more people, especially suitable for our country's national conditions. In recent years, it has been praised by the researchers in our country, but there are not many studies on the work sheet in China, so the research on the evaluation of scientific inquiry based on the work sheet is based on the work sheet. There is a very important theoretical and practical significance. The research of scientific inquiry evaluation shows that any evaluation of scientific inquiry can not bypass two important issues, namely: what is scientific inquiry and what kind of evaluation? Based on the connotation and elements of scientific inquiry in the new generation of scientific education standards (NGSS) of the United States, this study is structured as a structural worker. This paper is divided into seven chapters in this paper. This paper is divided into seven chapters. The introduction gives a brief introduction to the survey of the work sheet, and analyzes the needs of the curriculum reform, the need for the implementation of the connotation of scientific core literacy and the difficulty of the scientific inquiry evaluation in three aspects. Research on the significance of the topic. Chapter 1, literature review. This paper makes a detailed overview of the domestic and foreign scholars' research on scientific inquiry, work sheet and structural work, shows the research attempt and research results in the field, and lays a solid theoretical foundation for the development of the research. The second chapter, the research theory foundation of this paper. The theory of multiple intelligence and constructivist learning theory are the theoretical basis. In general, the theory of multiple intelligence holds that every student is unique, and should pay attention to the difference between individual development and the unbalance of individual development. Not only the results. The third chapter, the research problems and the design. First, the main problems of the thesis are put forward clearly. Secondly, the core concepts of "scientific inquiry", "expressive evaluation" and "work sheet" are combed and defined. On this basis, the research routes and methods of this paper are established, and the main route of the study is to construct and revise the work. Single evaluation index, and the application of structural work sheet to evaluate the current situation of scientific inquiry of junior high school students in Zhejiang Province, and mainly use literature, questionnaire and interview to carry out research. The fourth chapter, the construction of scientific inquiry evaluation index based on work sheet. The evaluation goal is "scientific inquiry" in the new generation science education standard of the United States. On the basis of the factors and expectations, there are many ways to evaluate the task. This paper mainly analyzes the content of the scientific curriculum standard for junior high school in compulsory education in China, which is suitable for the evaluation task. After careful interpretation of the elements and connotations of the scientific inquiry in NGSS, the evaluation index of this study is formed with the opinions of the experts of education. And then the structure is based on the structure of the evaluation. The design thought of sex work sheet was designed to design the main framework of structural work sheet. In addition, three work sheets (work sheet A, work sheet B, work single C) were designed and tested. The feasibility of the structural work sheet was tested and the evaluation index of this study was revised. The fifth chapter, the compilation and investigation of the work sheet, and the introduction of the survey and research workers. The design, the choice of the research object and the text coding and other prophase work. Sixth chapters, data analysis. Using three worksheets tested, selected Zhejiang Wenzhou City Pavilion middle school, Jinhua sixteenth middle school and Zhoushan city Daishan junior high school, a total of three cities, three schools, 360 students carried out testing. From the inquiry task and The two dimensions of the region are analyzed in depth by quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. Seventh chapters, research conclusions, reflection and suggestions. This chapter summarizes the conclusions formed in this study, analyzes the constraints and deficiencies of the research process, and provides suggestions for further research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G633.98
本文編號：2168205
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the reform of basic education, scientific educators and researchers have become more and more aware that the ultimate goal of science education is "scientific literacy". It is not the purpose of science education to cultivate a small number of people as scientific education, but to bring all people into scientific literacy. Therefore, modern education is deepened. In the reform, it highlights the position of scientific inquiry, and how to evaluate scientific inquiry. In view of the particularity of scientific inquiry, the traditional paper and pen tests are obviously not fully competent for the evaluation of scientific inquiry, criticized by the educators, and the educator diligently seeks a variety of evaluation methods suitable for scientific inquiry. The present performance evaluation seems to be more consistent with the scientific inquiry evaluation. The performance evaluation includes field observation and work sheet. The latter has been applied to many international evaluation projects because of its high efficiency. The new curriculum standards in China have highlighted the importance of scientific inquiry, and also put forward new requirements for the evaluation of scientific research. The difference is that the work list does not need to consume too much manpower and material resources, and a measuring person can accomplish the evaluation task of dozens or even more people, especially suitable for our country's national conditions. In recent years, it has been praised by the researchers in our country, but there are not many studies on the work sheet in China, so the research on the evaluation of scientific inquiry based on the work sheet is based on the work sheet. There is a very important theoretical and practical significance. The research of scientific inquiry evaluation shows that any evaluation of scientific inquiry can not bypass two important issues, namely: what is scientific inquiry and what kind of evaluation? Based on the connotation and elements of scientific inquiry in the new generation of scientific education standards (NGSS) of the United States, this study is structured as a structural worker. This paper is divided into seven chapters in this paper. This paper is divided into seven chapters. The introduction gives a brief introduction to the survey of the work sheet, and analyzes the needs of the curriculum reform, the need for the implementation of the connotation of scientific core literacy and the difficulty of the scientific inquiry evaluation in three aspects. Research on the significance of the topic. Chapter 1, literature review. This paper makes a detailed overview of the domestic and foreign scholars' research on scientific inquiry, work sheet and structural work, shows the research attempt and research results in the field, and lays a solid theoretical foundation for the development of the research. The second chapter, the research theory foundation of this paper. The theory of multiple intelligence and constructivist learning theory are the theoretical basis. In general, the theory of multiple intelligence holds that every student is unique, and should pay attention to the difference between individual development and the unbalance of individual development. Not only the results. The third chapter, the research problems and the design. First, the main problems of the thesis are put forward clearly. Secondly, the core concepts of "scientific inquiry", "expressive evaluation" and "work sheet" are combed and defined. On this basis, the research routes and methods of this paper are established, and the main route of the study is to construct and revise the work. Single evaluation index, and the application of structural work sheet to evaluate the current situation of scientific inquiry of junior high school students in Zhejiang Province, and mainly use literature, questionnaire and interview to carry out research. The fourth chapter, the construction of scientific inquiry evaluation index based on work sheet. The evaluation goal is "scientific inquiry" in the new generation science education standard of the United States. On the basis of the factors and expectations, there are many ways to evaluate the task. This paper mainly analyzes the content of the scientific curriculum standard for junior high school in compulsory education in China, which is suitable for the evaluation task. After careful interpretation of the elements and connotations of the scientific inquiry in NGSS, the evaluation index of this study is formed with the opinions of the experts of education. And then the structure is based on the structure of the evaluation. The design thought of sex work sheet was designed to design the main framework of structural work sheet. In addition, three work sheets (work sheet A, work sheet B, work single C) were designed and tested. The feasibility of the structural work sheet was tested and the evaluation index of this study was revised. The fifth chapter, the compilation and investigation of the work sheet, and the introduction of the survey and research workers. The design, the choice of the research object and the text coding and other prophase work. Sixth chapters, data analysis. Using three worksheets tested, selected Zhejiang Wenzhou City Pavilion middle school, Jinhua sixteenth middle school and Zhoushan city Daishan junior high school, a total of three cities, three schools, 360 students carried out testing. From the inquiry task and The two dimensions of the region are analyzed in depth by quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. Seventh chapters, research conclusions, reflection and suggestions. This chapter summarizes the conclusions formed in this study, analyzes the constraints and deficiencies of the research process, and provides suggestions for further research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G633.98
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