本文選題：馬爾庫(kù)塞 + 單向度��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 馬爾庫(kù)塞結(jié)合當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)、文化、政治和時(shí)代背景,汲取了霍克海默、阿道爾諾、韋伯、馬克思、弗洛伊德和海德格爾等人的理論思想,提出他的科學(xué)技術(shù)批判理論。他的科學(xué)技術(shù)批判理論可以分為單向度理論、新技術(shù)與新社會(huì)理論和愛(ài)欲的解放三個(gè)部分,它們?cè)谶壿嬌鲜且恢碌?其理論基礎(chǔ)是技術(shù)的自主性。生活在當(dāng)代資本主義中的人失去了否定性和批判性原則,從而整個(gè)社會(huì)都表現(xiàn)出單向度性,具體表現(xiàn)為社會(huì)的單向度、人的單向度、政治的單向度和思想文化的單向度。為此,他提出要建立一個(gè)使人的本能完全解放的新社會(huì),以及一種使技術(shù)和諧化的新技術(shù);通過(guò)愛(ài)欲的解放實(shí)現(xiàn)人的本質(zhì)的全面解放。馬爾庫(kù)塞認(rèn)為科學(xué)技術(shù)在執(zhí)行一種意識(shí)形態(tài)的職能,把技術(shù)主義作為批判的中心,區(qū)分了人的真實(shí)需要和虛假需要等是其理論的合理成份。他的理論局限性表現(xiàn)在他的技術(shù)自主論的理論基礎(chǔ)是違背唯物史觀的,對(duì)人的理解是抽象的,忽視了人的社會(huì)性?xún)H從生物學(xué)意義上揭示人的本質(zhì),對(duì)科學(xué)技術(shù)的批判也是本末倒置的等。其理論不僅對(duì)后來(lái)的法蘭克福學(xué)派而且對(duì)生態(tài)學(xué)馬克思主義的創(chuàng)立產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。馬爾庫(kù)塞科學(xué)技術(shù)批判理論的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義具體表現(xiàn)在教育學(xué)術(shù)、生態(tài)學(xué)和倫理學(xué)等方面,其理論對(duì)我國(guó)技術(shù)、社會(huì)、文化的發(fā)展具有指導(dǎo)意義,為我國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)提供了一定的啟示。
[Abstract]:Marcuse combined the social, cultural, political and contemporary background of the time, absorbed the theoretical thoughts of Horkheimer, Adorno, Weber, Marx, Freud and Heidegger, and put forward his critical theory of science and technology. His critical theory of science and technology can be divided into three parts: unidirectional theory, new technology and new social theory and liberation of lust. They are logically consistent, and their theoretical basis is the autonomy of technology. The people living in the contemporary capitalism have lost the negative and critical principles, thus the whole society shows the unidirectional degree, which is embodied in the unidirectional degree of society, the unidirectional degree of human, the unidirectional degree of politics and the unidirectional degree of ideology and culture. Therefore, he proposed to establish a new society which can completely liberate human instinct and a new technology to make technology harmonious, and to realize the full emancipation of human nature through the liberation of love desire. Marcuse holds that science and technology are performing an ideological function, regard technicalism as the center of criticism, and distinguish between the real and false needs of human beings are the reasonable components of his theory. His theoretical limitations are manifested in the fact that the theoretical basis of his theory of technological autonomy is contrary to historical materialism, his understanding of human beings is abstract, and his social nature is revealed only in the biological sense. The criticism of science and technology is also put before the horse and so on. Its theory not only had an important influence on the later Frankfurt School but also on the establishment of ecological Marxism. The practical significance of Marcuse's critical theory of science and technology is embodied in the fields of educational learning, ecology and ethics, and its theory is of guiding significance to the development of technology, society and culture in China. It provides some enlightenment for the modernization construction of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：N031

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