發(fā)布時間：2018-03-31 08:17

  本文選題：胡秋原　切入點：現(xiàn)代化　出處：《武漢大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：胡秋原是中國現(xiàn)代思想史上不容忽視的民族自由主義儒者。在20世紀中國現(xiàn)代化思潮中,他既接受西方現(xiàn)代價值,又持守中國的道德立場。在與西化論者的多次辯難中,他以哲學人類學為基礎,以歷史同期比較為進路,評估中西文化之特色與價值,認為現(xiàn)代化所追求的科學、民主、自由等不為西方文化所獨有,中國文化有科學、民主、自由的理論與實踐,只是在現(xiàn)代沒有發(fā)展到西方文化所具有的高度而已。為了探明中國現(xiàn)代化難以實現(xiàn)的原因,以及中國文化復興的根據(jù)與條件,在現(xiàn)代發(fā)展中超越現(xiàn)代化的病態(tài),胡秋原分別對科學、民主、自由進行詳細的專題論析。 本文采取歷時性理解和專題分析的研究方法,對胡秋原的現(xiàn)代化思想展開研究,共有五章。第一章和第二章以1949年為歷史節(jié)點,分別對胡秋原的現(xiàn)代化思想作歷時性的理解,考察胡秋原現(xiàn)代化思想變化中不變的思想主題。在此基礎上,后三章分別以科學、民主、自由為專題,分析胡秋原的現(xiàn)代化思想。 在歷時性理解方面,本文首先通過兩場現(xiàn)代化討論來理解20世紀前半葉的胡秋原現(xiàn)代化思想。1933年,中國思想界從經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)代化的角度,對中國現(xiàn)代化問題進行了討論,討論并沒有產生一致的結論,但使“現(xiàn)代化”一詞廣為流傳。胡秋原在對這場現(xiàn)代化討論的回應中,認為中國經(jīng)濟的現(xiàn)代化應當實行以市場為主導的工業(yè)資本主義,這表明他接受了作為富強手段的現(xiàn)代化。在這場經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)代化討論發(fā)生不久,中國思想界爆發(fā)了以“中國本位”與“全盤西化”為主題的文化現(xiàn)代化大討論。胡秋原在回應這場討論時,對“中國本位”表示同情,對全盤西化采取完全否棄的態(tài)度,并從一種文化理想的角度,提出中國文化現(xiàn)代化的方案。他試圖立足于傳統(tǒng),將“現(xiàn)代化”與“西化”分開,但又承認西方現(xiàn)代文化是中國文化的未來。 在20世紀后半葉,胡秋原的現(xiàn)代化思想集中體現(xiàn)于兩場論戰(zhàn)。首先,60年代初,臺灣發(fā)生了中西文化論戰(zhàn),胡秋原是這場論戰(zhàn)的主角之一。在這場論戰(zhàn)中,他駁斥西化,為傳統(tǒng)正名,提出了“超越前進”的現(xiàn)代觀,并對殷海光的個人自由主義進行了批判。其次,60年代末,美國現(xiàn)代化理論風靡東亞,臺灣受其影響而有反民族主義的現(xiàn)代化思潮,而胡秋原堅持民族主義的工業(yè)化,兩者不免發(fā)生持久的論戰(zhàn)。在對影響臺灣甚大的費正清中國觀的批判中,胡秋原再次明確了“現(xiàn)代”的歷史時期以及中國傳統(tǒng)社會不與現(xiàn)代相隔絕的觀點。在對反民族主義的批評中,胡秋原主張民族主義是現(xiàn)代化的助力,現(xiàn)代化不是要中國發(fā)展成為另一個美國,而是立足于傳統(tǒng),創(chuàng)造中國新文化。 在專題分析方面,本文首先探析了胡秋原對科學的反思。胡秋原通過厘定科學的知識本性,消除科學主義對科學的崇拜。對于科學主義造成的價值判斷的虛無化,他根據(jù)自然目的論重建價值判斷。以此為基礎,胡秋原分析中國科學落后的歷史原因在于傳統(tǒng)專制政治對科學精神的壓制,而作為最合理的目的論,儒學對科學的發(fā)展有助益之功,并能夠對科學提供價值判斷的指導原則。 其次,胡秋原對民主進行了反思。他從西方民主的歷史抽繹出民主的普遍含義,以此判定中國傳統(tǒng)文化中有民主的萌芽,而民主在中國發(fā)展遲緩的原因不在于中國傳統(tǒng)社會是所謂的“封建社會”,而在于閉關政策與八股精神。對于中國現(xiàn)代民主運動何以頻頻受挫,胡秋原認為一方面是外部的入侵,一方面是內部對傳統(tǒng)文化的否棄,兩者合力造成物質、人力與精神等三個方面的民主條件難以具備。因此,促成民主之道,就在于充分實現(xiàn)民主的三個條件。 最后,胡秋原對自由進行了反思。胡秋原對自由的理解發(fā)生了三次轉變,最終以盡性釋自由。他認為現(xiàn)代化病態(tài)的根源在于中西文化中自由精神之式微,他批判西方自由主義自始就是不徹底的,而中國傳統(tǒng)文化中的自由精神因專制體制不得申明,且在現(xiàn)代被否棄,代之而興的是西方自由主義,因此,他提出想走出現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展弊端,必由新的徹底的自由主義出發(fā)。 胡秋原的現(xiàn)代化思想有其時代性,但重要的是,它是一種文化批評。胡秋原始終堅持從文化理想出發(fā),對現(xiàn)實進行肯定與批判,這對于矯正現(xiàn)代化病態(tài)已經(jīng)暴露無遺而大多數(shù)人仍將現(xiàn)代化視為一種不容置疑的追求這種偏向而言,具有極大的現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:Hu Qiuyuan is China modern ideological history can not be ignored. In twentieth Century the National Liberal scholar China modernization thoughts, he can accept the western modern value, and keeps China moral stance. In debates with the latter, based on his philosophical anthropology, compared with historical approach, evaluation of special features of Chinese and Western culture and value, that the pursuit modernization of science, democracy, freedom is not unique to the western culture, China culture with science, democracy, theory and practice, not only in modern western culture has developed to the height of it. In order to find out the reasons China modernization is difficult to achieve, and according to the conditions and Chinese the cultural renaissance, beyond the modern morbid in modern development, Hu Qiuyuan of science, democracy, freedom of the detailed analysis on the topic.
This paper adopts the research method of diachronic understanding and analysis of the topic, research on Hu Qiuyuan's modernization thought, is divided into five chapters. The first chapter and the second chapter in 1949 as the historical node, the idea of Hu Qiuyuan's modernization are the diachronic study of Hu Qiuyuan modernization thought understanding, the theme of constant change. On this basis, after the three chapter with science, democracy and freedom for the project, analysis of Hu Qiuyuan's thought of modernization.
In the diachronic comprehension, this paper discussed two modern understanding of the first half of the twentieth Century Hu Qiuyuan modernization thought.1933, Chinese thought from the angle of modern economy, the problem of Chinese modernization are discussed, the discussion did not produce consistent results, but the term "modernization" of Hu Qiuyuan in the discussion of this widely circulated. The modern field response, that China economic modernization should be market-oriented industrial capitalism, which shows that he is accepted as powerful means of modernization. Shortly after the discussion in this field of economic modernization, the outbreak of the cultural modernization discussion on "Chinese standard" and "Westernization" as the theme of the China ideological circle. Hu Qiuyuan in response to this discussion, expressed sympathy for the "Chinese standard", take a completely abandoning attitude to westernization, and from a culture of Science From the point of view, he put forward a plan of modernization of Chinese culture. He tried to separate the modernization from Westernization based on tradition, but he also admitted that western modern culture is the future of Chinese culture.
In the second half of the twentieth Century, Hu Qiuyuan's modernization thoughts are reflected in two controversies. First, at the beginning of 60s, the Chinese and Western cultural controversy in Taiwan, Hu Qiuyuan is one of the protagonists of this debate. In this debate, he dismissed the Westernization, traditional name, put forward the "overtaking" the modern concept, and Yin Haiguang the individual liberalism criticizes. Secondly, at the end of 60s, the United States modernization theory popular in East Asia, Taiwan affected by the anti nationalism and modernization trend of thought, Hu Qiuyuan insisted on nationalism industrialization, both inevitably have lasting controversy. Criticism of the very large influence on Taiwan's Fei Zhengqing Chinese outlook, Hu Qiuyuan again clearly the "modern" historical period and China not isolated from the traditional society. In the modern view of anti nationalist criticism, Hu Qiuyuan argued that nationalism is the modern power, Modernization does not require China to develop into another United States, but based on tradition and create a new culture in China.
In the project analysis, this paper firstly analyzes the reflection of Hu Qiuyuan on science. Hu Qiuyuan through setting the scientific knowledge of nature, eliminate the scientism of science worship. For the scientism value judgment nihilization, according to his natural teleology reconstruction value. On the basis of scientific analysis, Hu Qiuyuan China behind the historical reason lies in the traditional the autocratic political repression of the spirit of science, and as the most reasonable objective theory, helpful work on scientific development of Confucianism, and can provide guidelines for judging the value of science.
Secondly, Hu Qiuyuan's reflection on democracy. He is generally meaning of democracy from the western democratic history works, in order to determine the Democratic Chinese sprout in the traditional culture, and the reasons of slow development of democracy in China is not Chinese traditional society is the so-called "feudal society", but in the closed door policy and spirit for eight shares. China modern democracy movement is frequently frustrated, Hu Qiuyuan believes that one is external invasion, one is the inside of the traditional culture of abandoning, together causing substances, three aspects of human spirit and democratic conditions are difficult to have. Therefore, the road to democracy, lies in the three conditions to realize democracy.
Finally, Hu Qiuyuan's reflection on freedom. Changed three times Hu Qiuyuan's idea of freedom, and ultimately to release as freedom. He believed the root lies in the spirit of freedom micro morbid modernization in Chinese and Western culture, he criticized the western liberalism from the beginning is not thorough, and free spirit in the traditional culture for authoritarian China the system shall be stated, and was abandoned in modern times, and is replaced by western liberalism, therefore, he proposed the development of modernization will want to get out of problems, starting from the new radical liberalism.
Hu Qiuyuan's modernization thoughts with the times, but the important thing is that it is a kind of cultural criticism. Hu Qiu original persist in the end from the perspective of cultural ideal, affirming and criticizing the reality, the correction for modern morbid and most people will still have completely unmasked modernization as a pursuit of this bias allow all doubt, has the reality of great significance.

【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B26

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本文編號：1689895