【摘要】：目的:本研究通過對消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤患者進行現(xiàn)場問卷調(diào)查,旨在探索齊齊哈爾市消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤的患病現(xiàn)狀,在此基礎上探討不同消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤的相關發(fā)病因素。方法:收集2014年11月~2015年5月就診于齊齊哈爾市3所三級甲等醫(yī)院的消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤患者403例,詳細調(diào)查患者的一般情況、生活方式、飲食習慣、臨床癥狀及患病史等資料。應用描述性統(tǒng)計學方法對患者的患病狀況進行分析。結果:本研究共完成有效問卷403例,消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤排名順位依次為肝癌(25.1%)、直腸癌(20.6%)、胃癌(17.5%)、結腸癌(16.4%)、胰腺癌(8.2%)、食管癌(7.7%)、其他(4.5%);50歲~年齡組(34.5%)和60歲~年齡組(34.2%)患病人數(shù)相對集中,40歲年齡組(1.7%)所占比例明顯低于其他年齡段;男性患病人數(shù)為271人,占67.2%,女性患病人數(shù)為132人,占32.8%,男女比例約為2:1;職業(yè)分布調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),工人(56.3%)所占比例最高,農(nóng)民(0.5%)最低;文化程度分布中,初中(48.4%)所占比例最高;生活方式調(diào)查結果表明,吸煙者所占比例為42.3%,被動吸煙者所占比例為41.9%,飲白酒與啤酒者所占比例約為40%;不良飲食習慣主要包括經(jīng)常吃腌制(43.6%)、油炸(19.1%)和燒烤食品(20.1%)、不規(guī)律進食早餐(15.4%)、吃飯速度較快(11.4%)等。排便次數(shù)減少(94.3%)是消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤患者常見的臨床癥狀,此外,亦有不少患者表現(xiàn)出腹部疼痛(63.2%)、上腹部疼痛(61.8%)、反酸(59.8%)、便秘(54.6%)等癥狀;患病史中,所占比例較高的有便秘(38.5%)、痔瘡(33.0%)、急慢性胃炎(32.0%)、乙肝或丙肝(24.1%)、肝硬化(22.4%)。結論:1.齊齊哈爾市消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤排名順位依次為肝癌、直腸癌、胃癌、結腸癌、胰腺癌、食管癌、其他。2.消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤發(fā)病年齡主要集中在50歲~和60歲~年齡組;男性患者多于女性患者,比例約為2:1。職業(yè)分布以工人所占比例最高,農(nóng)民最低;文化程度分布以初中、高中或中專為主。3.消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤患者常見的不良生活方式有吸煙、被動吸煙、飲酒(白酒和啤酒)等;經(jīng)常吃腌制、油炸和燒烤食品、不規(guī)律吃早餐、吃飯速度過快等是消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤患者常見的不良飲食方式。4.排便次數(shù)減少、腹部疼痛、上腹部疼痛、反酸、便秘等臨床癥狀在消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤患者中較為常見。5.消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤患者常見的其它疾病有便秘、痔瘡、急慢性胃炎、乙肝或丙肝、肝硬化等。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the prevalence of digestive system tumors in Qiqihar City by questionnaire survey, and to explore the related factors of different digestive system tumors. Methods: 403 patients with digestive system tumor were collected from November 2014 to May 2015 in 3 Grade 3A hospitals in Qiqihar. The data of general condition, lifestyle, diet habits, clinical symptoms and history of disease were investigated in detail. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the prevalence of the disease. Results: a total of 403 effective questionnaires were completed in this study. The order of digestive system tumors was liver cancer (25.1%), rectal cancer (20.6%), gastric cancer (17.5%), colon cancer (16.4%), pancreatic cancer (8.2%). Esophageal carcinoma (7.7%), others (4.5%); The number of patients in 50 ~ age group (34.5%) and 60 ~ age group (34.2%) was relatively concentrated, and the proportion of 40 years old group (1.7%) was significantly lower than that of other age groups. There were 271 males (67.2%) and 132 females (32.8%). The proportion of male to female was about 2: 1.The survey of occupational distribution showed that the proportion of workers (56.3%) was the highest, and that of peasants (0.5%) was the lowest. In the distribution of educational level, the proportion of junior middle school (48.4%) was the highest; The results of life style survey showed that the proportion of smokers was 42.3, the proportion of passive smokers was 41.9 and the proportion of liquor and beer drinkers was about 40. The main bad eating habits included regular pickling (43.6%), fried (19.1%) and barbecue food (20.1%), irregular eating breakfast (15.4%), fast eating speed (11.4%) and so on. The decrease of defecation frequency (94.3%) was a common clinical symptom in patients with digestive system tumor. In addition, many patients showed abdominal pain (63.2%), epigastric pain (61.8%), acid regurgitation (59.8%). Constipation (54.6%); Constipation (38.5%), hemorrhoids (33.0%), acute and chronic gastritis (32.0%), hepatitis B or C (24.1%), cirrhosis (22.4%) were the most common diseases. Conclusion: 1. Qiqihar's digestive system tumors ranked in the order of liver cancer, rectal cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, and other. 2. 2. The incidence age of digestive system tumor was mainly in the age group of 50 ~ 60 years old, and the proportion of male patients was more than that of female patients, the proportion was about 2: 1. Occupation distribution in the proportion of workers is the highest, farmers are the lowest, and the education level is mainly in junior high school, high school or technical secondary school. 3. 3. The common unhealthy lifestyle of patients with digestive system tumor is smoking, passive smoking, drinking (liquor and beer) and so on. Often eat pickle, fried and barbecue food, irregular breakfast, eating too fast are common digestive system cancer patients poor diet. 4. Decreased defecation, abdominal pain, epigastric pain, acid regurgitation, constipation and other clinical symptoms are more common in patients with digestive system tumors. Other common diseases in patients with digestive system tumors include constipation, hemorrhoids, acute and chronic gastritis, hepatitis B or C, cirrhosis, etc.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：R735

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