基于PDTX模型的胃癌分子靶向治療研究
[Abstract]:BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Although some progress has been made in surgery and chemotherapy, the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer is still poor, and its five-year survival rate is only close to 20%. Targeted therapy has greatly improved many malignancies in the past decade. Prognosis of tumors, including breast, colorectal, and lung cancers, has made little progress in gastric cancer. Lack of clinical animal models is one of the important factors hindering the development of targeted drugs. The high failure rate of drugs in clinical trials has led us to question the predictive power of this traditional tumor-forming model for drugs. After long-term in vitro culture and screening of cells for tumor formation, the molecular characteristics and tumor heterogeneity of tumor origin have often been lost, which is also the ability to predict clinical drug response. Patient derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) can maintain the histopathological, genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the tumor tissues of the patients of origin, so it can better predict the drug responsiveness. In recent years, a large number of PDTX models have been used to predict the drug responsiveness. PDTX models have been established for cancer research, including lung, colorectal, breast, pancreatic and gastric cancer.
Trastuzumab has been approved for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive gastric cancer, opening the era of targeted therapy for gastric cancer. Nowadays, the total survival rate of gastric cancer is still limited by targeted therapy. Therefore, it is very important to develop new drugs, especially targeted drugs, for gastric cancer treatment. Receptor 2 (Gbroblast growth factor receptor 2, FGFR2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and so on. At present, many studies are exploring the anti-tumor effects of inhibitors of related pathways in gastric cancer. Hold.
Part one:
BACKGROUND: Targeted therapy is becoming one of the new therapeutic options for gastric cancer. PDTX model can maintain the characteristics of tumor tissue and provide an effective tool for pre-clinical evaluation of drug efficacy. Provide data support.
METHODS: Gastric cancer tissues were obtained from 32 patients with gastric cancer and transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to evaluate the expression and gene amplification of HER2, cMet and FGFR2 in a group of patients with gastric cancer. Finally, the anti-tumor effect of targeted drugs was evaluated in PDTX model.
Results: Nine PDTX models of gastric cancer were successfully established. Among 163 gastric cancer patients examined, 17 (10.4%), 32 (19.6%) and 6 (3.7%) had molecular changes in HER2.cMet and FGFR2, respectively, while in 32 transplanted tumor donors, 4 (12.5%), 8 (25.0%) and 1 (3.1%) had gene amplification or protein overexpression (IHC3+) and Critozinib and AZD4547 showed significant antitumor effects in PDTX models with cMet amplification (G30, G31) or FGFR2 amplification (G03), respectively.
Conclusion: We have established a series of PDTX models for gastric cancer to provide an ideal platform for drug screening and evaluation. Patients with gastric cancer amplified by cMet and FGFR2 genes may benefit from targeted or combined targeted therapy with cMet or FGFR2.
The second part
BACKGROUND: Abnormal activation of cMet signaling pathway is involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Overexpression of cMet in gastric cancer usually leads to poor prognosis because of its high metastasis and limited treatment options. Luteolin is a natural flavonoid compound with antitumor activity. However, Luteolin is overexpressed in cMet at present. The role of gastric cancer is unclear.
Methods: Two gastric cancer cell lines with overexpression of cMet, MKN45 and SGC7901, were treated with Luteolin, and their antitumor effects were evaluated. Apoptosis detection, metastasis and invasion assay were used to evaluate the antitumor effect of Luteolin and its effect on cMet signaling pathway.
Results: Luteolin could inhibit the growth of gastric cancer in PDTX model with overexpression of cMet. Immunosuppression indicated that the expressions of cMet, MMP9 and Ki-67 were down-regulated. Luteolin could inhibit the proliferation, promote apoptosis and decrease the invasiveness of cells in MKN45 and SGC7901 cell lines. Further studies have shown that Luteolin can down-regulate the expression and phosphorylation of cMet protein and the phosphorylation levels of downstream AKT and ERK. In addition, Luteolin can also inhibit the phosphorylation of AKT without cMet dependence. / or ERK inhibitor PD98059 could down-regulate MMP 9, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP-1, similar to Luteolin.
CONCLUSION: Luteolin PDTX model of gastric cancer overexpressing cMet has been proposed for the first time in this study. It may be involved in the cMet/AKT/ERK signaling pathway. These results suggest that Luteolin may be a potential therapeutic option for gastric cancer overexpressing cMet.
The third part
BACKGROUND: Alpha-fetoprotein-secreting gastric cancer (AFPGC) is a rare type of gastric cancer with high liver metastasis and poor prognosis. Compared with common gastric cancer, AFPGC has made less progress in targeted therapy. Evaluation of potential targeted therapies.
METHODS: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to evaluate the expression of HER2, cMet, EGFR and VEGF in 35 AFPGC patients and 70 stage-matched non-AFPGC patients. Curative effect.
Results: We found that the overexpression of cMet was 48.5% in the / AFPGC group and 20% in the non-AFPGC group, 71.4% in the AFPGC group and 47.1% in the non-AFPGC group. The combination of targeted cMet (Crizotinib) and Bevacizumab (Bevacizumab) signaling pathways in a PDTX model of gastric cancer with co-expression of cMet and VEGF can enhance the anti-tumor effect.
CONCLUSION: High frequency of co-expression of cMet and VEGF in AFPGC may be associated with poor prognosis. This special type of AFPGC may benefit from co-targeting cMet and VEGF signaling pathways.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:R735.2
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