本文選題：結(jié)腸癌 + src　； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：背景與目的據(jù)調(diào)查表明:結(jié)腸癌是世界第三常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤,其中一半以上發(fā)生在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家;近年來(lái),發(fā)展中國(guó)家結(jié)腸癌的發(fā)病率也正逐步上升。在我國(guó),結(jié)腸癌發(fā)病率和死亡率均較前有較大升高,其中發(fā)病率已居我國(guó)惡性腫瘤的第四位,死亡率居第五位,已嚴(yán)重危害我國(guó)人民的生命健康。目前,結(jié)腸癌的基本治療方法是早期手術(shù)切除,中晚期患者在手術(shù)切除的基本上,術(shù)后輔以化療的綜合性治療方案。然而,我國(guó)結(jié)腸癌患者發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)大多已處于中晚期,腫瘤細(xì)胞局部浸潤(rùn)和轉(zhuǎn)移,已破壞了結(jié)腸有效的粘膜屏障功能及腫瘤范圍不明顯,單純的手術(shù)治療無(wú)法切除所有腫瘤,容易復(fù)發(fā)和轉(zhuǎn)移。而在手術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,術(shù)前術(shù)后行化療治療,不但可以降低腫瘤分期分級(jí),為手術(shù)切除創(chuàng)造可行性,還降低了術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)和轉(zhuǎn)移的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),對(duì)患者無(wú)病生存期的延長(zhǎng)有著重要意義。但臨床數(shù)據(jù)表明,對(duì)于該類(lèi)患者手術(shù)切除癌腫后有很高的復(fù)發(fā)率,且對(duì)化療有較高的耐藥性,特別是5-氟尿嘧啶,許多患者最終因耐藥而導(dǎo)致死亡。然而,5-氟尿嘧啶是結(jié)腸癌化療中的基本藥物。因此,減少患者對(duì)5-氟尿嘧啶耐藥的發(fā)生,降低復(fù)發(fā)和轉(zhuǎn)移,對(duì)中晚期結(jié)腸癌的預(yù)后治療效果的提高有著重要意義,是當(dāng)前結(jié)腸癌化療研究的重要環(huán)節(jié)之一。Src蛋白是由原癌基因src編碼,是位于細(xì)胞膜的非受體酪氨酸蛋白激酶(nr PTKs)家族中的一員,與腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展有著密切關(guān)系。據(jù)報(bào)道,Src蛋白在多種腫瘤中呈現(xiàn)出高表達(dá),而在結(jié)腸癌患者中高表達(dá)率為80%。因此,近年來(lái)Src激酶抑制劑的研究已成為各種腫瘤治療的熱點(diǎn)。達(dá)沙替尼是一種二代Src激酶抑制劑,體外實(shí)驗(yàn)及動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其與奧沙利鉑聯(lián)用于結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞具有協(xié)同作用。目前有多項(xiàng)一期及二期臨床試驗(yàn)測(cè)試達(dá)沙替尼與紫杉醇,卡培他濱或奧沙利鉑聯(lián)用于乳腺癌,結(jié)腸癌等惡性腫瘤的治療研究。Araujo,J.C.等人的一項(xiàng)最新三期臨床研究結(jié)果表明:達(dá)沙替尼和紫杉醇聯(lián)用于前列腺癌治療,其療效不改善轉(zhuǎn)移性去勢(shì)療法抵抗的患者的生存期。但是,現(xiàn)在對(duì)于src激酶抑制劑普遍的觀點(diǎn)是:與傳統(tǒng)的化療藥物聯(lián)用能改善患者的治療效果。然而,Carrato,A.等人做的另外一項(xiàng)類(lèi)似的三期臨床試驗(yàn)卻得出了相反的結(jié)果:受體酪氨酸激酶抑制劑舒尼替尼聯(lián)用FOLFIRI方案不改善轉(zhuǎn)移性結(jié)腸癌患者的生存期,且聯(lián)用導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的安全問(wèn)題。De Bouard,S.等人對(duì)于舒尼替尼的報(bào)道同樣可在細(xì)胞水平抑制Src激酶的活性。因此,結(jié)腸癌患者術(shù)后及化療過(guò)程中Src激酶抑制劑與傳統(tǒng)化療藥物聯(lián)用的療效尚不確定,有待進(jìn)一步研究。研究表明:多種化療耐藥的發(fā)生與細(xì)胞凋亡的降低有關(guān)。本文基于此,通過(guò)細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)、MTS、Western blot等方法檢測(cè)達(dá)沙替尼和5-氟尿嘧啶對(duì)結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞內(nèi)Src蛋白的活性的影響;流式細(xì)胞儀、Western blot等方法研究5-氟尿嘧啶與達(dá)沙替尼聯(lián)用對(duì)比氟尿嘧啶單用對(duì)結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞凋亡的影響;來(lái)進(jìn)一步研究src激酶抑制劑與傳統(tǒng)化療藥物聯(lián)用的療效及其影響。一、達(dá)沙替尼和5-氟尿嘧啶對(duì)結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞內(nèi)Src蛋白表達(dá)活性的影響方法1、MTS法檢測(cè)達(dá)沙替尼、5-氟尿嘧啶對(duì)結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞存活率的影響。2、Western blotting檢測(cè)5-氟尿嘧啶對(duì)結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞內(nèi)Src蛋白活性的影響。3、Western blotting檢測(cè)達(dá)沙替尼對(duì)結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞內(nèi)Src蛋白活性的影響。4、Western blotting檢測(cè)達(dá)沙替尼與5-氟尿嘧啶聯(lián)用對(duì)結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞內(nèi)Src蛋白活性的影響。結(jié)果1、達(dá)沙替尼、5-氟尿嘧啶對(duì)結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞均能抑制細(xì)胞的存活MTS結(jié)果顯示:SW480和HT29細(xì)胞用達(dá)沙替尼20n M處理48小時(shí)后,用酶標(biāo)儀檢測(cè)的結(jié)果得出,細(xì)胞的存活率為80%;SW480和HT29細(xì)胞用5-氟尿嘧啶50u M處理48小時(shí)后,用酶標(biāo)儀檢測(cè)的結(jié)果得出,細(xì)胞的存活率為50%(即SW480和HT29細(xì)胞用5-氟尿嘧啶處理的IC50的條件為50u M處理48小時(shí))。2、5-氟尿嘧啶增強(qiáng)結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞內(nèi)src蛋白的活性Western blotting結(jié)果顯示:用50u M濃度的5-氟尿嘧啶處理SW480和HT29細(xì)胞不同時(shí)間,代表src激酶活性的p-src的表達(dá)明顯增加,且呈現(xiàn)出時(shí)間梯度依耐性。3、達(dá)沙替尼抑制結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞內(nèi)src蛋白的活性Western blotting結(jié)果顯示:用達(dá)沙替尼作用于SW480和HT29細(xì)胞24小時(shí),代表src激酶活性的p-src的表達(dá)明顯降低,且呈現(xiàn)出濃度梯度依耐性;用20n M濃度的達(dá)沙替尼處理SW480和HT29細(xì)胞不同時(shí)間,代表src激酶活性的p-src的表達(dá)明顯增加,且呈現(xiàn)出時(shí)間梯度依耐性。4、達(dá)沙替尼與5-氟尿嘧啶誘導(dǎo)聯(lián)用抑制結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞內(nèi)src的激活Western blotting結(jié)果顯示:達(dá)沙替尼與氟尿嘧啶聯(lián)用降低結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞p-src的表達(dá)。二、達(dá)沙替尼與5-氟尿嘧啶聯(lián)用對(duì)結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞的凋亡效率的影響方法1、流式細(xì)胞學(xué)方法測(cè)達(dá)沙替尼與5-氟尿嘧啶聯(lián)用對(duì)結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞凋亡的影響。2、Western blotting檢測(cè)達(dá)沙替尼與5-氟尿嘧啶聯(lián)用對(duì)結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞內(nèi)凋亡信號(hào)cleaved-caspase-3、cleaved-caspase-7、PARP表達(dá)的影響。結(jié)果1、達(dá)沙替尼與5-氟尿嘧啶聯(lián)用降低的結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞的凋亡流式細(xì)胞儀結(jié)果表明:用達(dá)沙替尼與5-氟尿嘧啶聯(lián)用(達(dá)沙替尼20n M、5-氟尿嘧啶50u M)作用于結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞HT29細(xì)胞,HT29細(xì)胞早期的凋亡率為7.8%;單用5-氟尿嘧啶(50u M),HT29細(xì)胞早期凋亡率為14.3%;兩組相比較:聯(lián)用組比5-氟尿嘧啶單用組的凋亡率明顯降低,具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(p0.05)。2、達(dá)沙替尼與5-氟尿嘧啶聯(lián)用降低結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞凋亡信號(hào)的表達(dá)Western blotting結(jié)果顯示:用達(dá)沙替尼與5-氟尿嘧啶聯(lián)用(達(dá)沙替尼20n M、5-氟尿嘧啶50u M)聯(lián)用作用于結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞SW480和HT29細(xì)胞48小時(shí)后,細(xì)胞內(nèi)凋亡信號(hào)PARP、cleaved-caspase-3、cleaved-caspase-7的表達(dá)比單用5-氟尿嘧啶明顯降低,結(jié)果提示達(dá)沙替尼與5-氟尿嘧啶聯(lián)降低結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞凋亡率。三、結(jié)腸癌患者原發(fā)癌與復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移癌組織標(biāo)本中Src蛋白的表達(dá)方法Envision法檢測(cè)src蛋白在結(jié)腸癌組織中的表達(dá)結(jié)果結(jié)腸癌復(fù)發(fā)組織比原發(fā)結(jié)腸癌中src蛋白表達(dá)較低免疫組化結(jié)果顯示:經(jīng)免疫組化染色發(fā)現(xiàn)同一患者原發(fā)癌的Src蛋白表達(dá)總體高于復(fù)發(fā)癌或轉(zhuǎn)移癌。提示癌癥復(fù)發(fā)可能來(lái)源于Src低表達(dá)癌細(xì)胞對(duì)化療不敏感。Src的存在亦可能在腫瘤化療過(guò)程中起到積極作用。結(jié)論1、5-氟尿嘧啶與達(dá)沙替尼聯(lián)用降低src蛋白在結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞中的表達(dá);2、達(dá)沙替尼與5-氟尿嘧啶聯(lián)用降低結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞的凋亡;3、Src作為原癌基因,其表達(dá)的src蛋白,在結(jié)腸癌化療過(guò)程中起到積極作用。
[Abstract]:Background and objective investigation shows that colon cancer is the third common malignant tumor in the world, and more than half of them occur in developed countries. In recent years, the incidence of colon cancer in developing countries is increasing gradually. In China, the incidence and mortality of colon cancer are higher than before, and the incidence of colorectal cancer is fourth in China. The death rate is fifth, which has seriously jeopardize the life and health of the people of our country. At present, the basic treatment method of colon cancer is early surgical resection, the middle and late patients are basically surgical excision and combined with chemotherapy after operation. However, most of the colon cancer patients in our country have been found in the middle and late stages, and the tumor cells are locally infiltrated. Metastasis has destroyed the effective mucosal barrier function of the colon and the tumor's range is not obvious. Simple surgical treatment can not remove all the tumors and easily relapse and metastases. On the basis of surgery, chemotherapy is performed before and after operation. It can not only reduce the classification of tumor, create the feasibility for hand resection, but also reduce the recurrence and metastasis of the operation. The risk is of great significance for the prolongation of the patient's disease-free life. But clinical data show that there is a high recurrence rate and high resistance to chemotherapy for this type of cancer, especially 5- fluorouracil, and many patients eventually cause death due to resistance. However, 5- fluorouracil is the basis of chemotherapy for colon cancer. Therefore, it is of great significance to reduce the incidence of 5- fluorouracil resistance and reduce the recurrence and metastasis of the patients with intermediate and advanced colon cancer. It is one of the important links in the chemotherapy of colon cancer. The.Src protein is encoded by the proto oncogene SRC and is a non receptor tyrosine kinase (NR PTKs) located in the cell membrane. A member of the family is closely related to the development of the tumor. It is reported that Src protein is highly expressed in a variety of tumors, and the high expression rate is 80%. in colon cancer patients. Therefore, the study of Src kinase inhibitors has become a hot spot in all kinds of cancer treatment in recent years. Laboratory and animal studies have found a synergistic effect of the combination of oxaliplatin and oxaliplatin in colon cancer cells. There are a number of phase one and two clinical trials to test the treatment of dabatinib and paclitaxel, capecitabine or oxaliplatin in the treatment of breast cancer, colon cancer and other malignant tumors,.Araujo, J.C. et al. A latest phase of clinical research The results show that the combination of dasatinib and paclitaxel in the treatment of prostate cancer does not improve the survival time of patients with metastatic castration therapy. However, the common view of Src kinase inhibitors is that the combination of traditional chemotherapy drugs can improve the treatment effect of patients. However, another similar of Carrato, A. and others is similar. The three phase clinical trial yielded the opposite results: the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor suneinib combined with the FOLFIRI scheme did not improve the survival of patients with metastatic colon cancer, and associated with a more serious safety problem.De Bouard. S. et al. Reports on suloninib also inhibit the activity of Src kinase at the cell level. The effect of combination of Src kinase inhibitor and traditional chemotherapeutic drugs on postoperative and chemotherapy of colon cancer patients is still uncertain. Further study is needed. The study shows that the occurrence of multiple chemotherapeutic drug resistance is related to the decrease of cell apoptosis. Based on this, dasatinib and 5- fluorouracil were detected by cell experiments, MTS, Western blot and so on. The effect of Src protein activity in colon cancer cells; flow cytometry, Western blot and other methods to study the effect of 5- fluorouracil combined with dasatinib on the apoptosis of colon cancer cells in single use of fluorouracil; to further study the effect and influence of the combination of Src kinase inhibitor and traditional chemotherapeutic drugs. Methods 1, MTS assay of dasitinib, the effect of 5- fluorouracil on the survival rate of colon cancer cells.2, Western blotting detection of the effect of 5- fluorouracil on the activity of Src protein in colon cancer cells by Western blotting, and Western blotting to detect the activity of Src in colon cancer cells. The effect of.4, Western blotting on the combined use of dasatinib and 5- fluorouracil on the activity of Src protein in colon cancer cells. Results 1, dasatinib, 5- fluorouracil can inhibit the survival of colon cancer cells and the survival MTS results show: SW480 and HT29 cells with dasitinib 20n M treatment for 48 hours, the results of enzyme labeling results, The survival rate of cells was 80%. After 48 hours of treatment with 5- fluorouracil 50U M, the survival rate of SW480 and HT29 cells was 50% (i.e., SW480 and HT29 cells treated with 5- fluorouracil for 50U M 48 hours). G results showed that the expression of p-src, which represents the activity of Src kinase, increased significantly at different times of SW480 and HT29 cells treated with 5- fluorouracil at the concentration of 5- M, and showed a time gradient dependent.3. Dasitinib inhibited the activity of Src protein in colon cancer cells Western blotting results showed that dasitinib was used for 24 small cells. The expression of p-src representing the activity of Src kinase significantly decreased and showed a concentration gradient dependent manner. The expression of p-src, which represented Src kinase activity at different time of SW480 and HT29 cells with 20n M concentration, increased significantly, and showed a time gradient dependent.4. Dasatinib and 5- fluorouracil induced the inhibition of colon cancer. Intracellular Src activation Western blotting results showed that dasatinib combined with fluorouracil to reduce the expression of p-src in colon cancer cells. Two, the effect of dasatinib and 5- fluorouracil on the apoptosis efficiency of colon cancer cells 1. Flow cytometry was used to determine the effect of dasatinib and 5- fluorouracil on the apoptosis of colon cancer cells. The effects of dasatinib and 5- fluorouracil on the expression of cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-7 and PARP in colon cancer cells were detected by.2 and Western blotting. Results 1, dasatinib combined with 5- fluorouracil combined with reduced apoptosis of colon cancer cells showed that dasitinib was combined with 5- fluorouracil (DA). Satini 20n M, 5- fluorouracil 50U M) acted on HT29 cells in colon cancer cells, the apoptosis rate of early HT29 cells was 7.8%, and the apoptotic rate of HT29 cells was 14.3% with 5- fluorouracil (50U M) alone. The two groups compared: the apoptosis rate of the combined group was significantly lower than that of the 5- fluorouracil single use group. The expression of Western blotting to reduce the apoptosis signal of colon cancer cells with pyrimidine combined with dasatinib combined with 5- fluorouracil (Dashti Ni 20n M, 5- fluorouracil 50U M) combined with SW480 and HT29 cells of colon cancer cells for 48 hours, the apoptotic signal in cell was PARP, cleaved-caspase-3, expression was compared to single use. 5- fluorouracil decreased significantly. The results suggest that dasatinib and 5- fluorouracil reduce the apoptosis rate of colon cancer cells. Three, the expression of Src protein in the primary and recurrent metastatic carcinoma tissues of colon cancer patients Envision method to detect the expression of Src protein in colon cancer tissue, the recurrence of colon cancer in colon cancer is more than the SRC egg in the primary colon cancer The results of low expression of white expression showed that the expression of Src protein in the primary cancer of the same patient was higher than that of recurrent or metastatic carcinoma in the same patient. It suggested that the recurrence of cancer may originate from the presence of Src low expression cancer cells for chemotherapy insensitive.Src and may play an active role in the tumor chemotherapy process. Conclusion 1,5- fluorouracil may be found. Combined with dasatinib to reduce the expression of Src protein in colon cancer cells; 2, dasatinib combined with 5- fluorouracil to reduce the apoptosis of colon cancer cells; 3, Src as a proto oncogene, the expression of Src protein plays an active role in the chemotherapy of colon cancer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R735.35

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