本文選題：橢圓囊 + 半規(guī)管　； 參考：《河北師范大學》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 運動病是因異常運動刺激而引起的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能失調(diào),主要表現(xiàn)為植物神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能紊亂,出現(xiàn)面色蒼白、出汗、流涎、淡漠、嗜睡、腹部不適、眩暈、惡心或嘔吐等癥狀與體征。是乘車、乘船、乘飛機及航天過程中的一種常見疾病。前庭器官的半規(guī)管和耳石器是旋轉和直線變速運動的感受器,它們的主要功能有:感受頭部空間位置和運動,維持身體平衡;維持肌張力和軀體姿勢;協(xié)調(diào)眼球的運動以及在運動、頭部位置改變時快速調(diào)節(jié)呼吸、循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)臟活動,維持內(nèi)環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定。目前認為乘車、乘船、乘飛機及航天過程中常引起的運動病主要是由于前庭系統(tǒng)的異常的活動而產(chǎn)生的。所以,近年來對前庭系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)內(nèi)臟活動尤其是內(nèi)臟不適引發(fā)的惡心、嘔吐的機制的研究已成為熱點領域。這些機制的闡明對于預防和治療各種運動病,以及研制抗運動病的藥物都具有重大的理論意義和實際意義。 在運動病的形成過程中,異常的前庭傳入信號是運動病發(fā)生的關鍵因素之一,嘔吐是運動病發(fā)生時最顯著的特征。因此,前庭信號進入中樞后,必然經(jīng)過一系列的復雜的過程,經(jīng)由迷走神經(jīng)中的副交感成分及交感神經(jīng)到達腸胃等器官,從而實現(xiàn)嘔吐等生理反應。但半規(guī)管和耳石器官的初級傳入與副交感神經(jīng)和交感神經(jīng)的傳出之間是什么樣的關系還不十分清楚。為了解決這個問題,曾經(jīng)提出過一個假說,它認為:橢圓囊在前庭交感反射中起主要作用,而半規(guī)管對激活副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)起到重要作用。但是這一假設是建立在一些零散的研究結果之上的,并沒有直接的證據(jù)。所以前庭器官與交感、副交感神經(jīng)之間的聯(lián)系至今尚不清楚。 本文共用家鴿20只,用損傷性刺激前庭器官和電生理同時記錄頸交感、迷走神經(jīng)放電的方法,分別對如下問題進行了研究:(1)損傷性刺激10只家鴿的橢圓囊耳石器官,記錄刺激前后迷走神經(jīng)和頸交感神經(jīng)的放電變化。(2)損傷性刺激10只家鴿的水平半規(guī)管壺腹,記錄刺激前后迷走神經(jīng)和頸交感神經(jīng)的放電變化。對所得結果進行統(tǒng)計學分析。結果如下: 1.損傷性刺激家鴿的橢圓囊,頸迷走神經(jīng)和交感神經(jīng)的變化。 在10只家鴿中,刺激后頸交感神經(jīng)放電較比刺激前顯著(p＜0.01)升高的有9只,沒有顯著變化(p＞0.05)的1只。用配對Wilcoxon秩和檢驗的方法對10只家鴿的數(shù)據(jù)進行綜合檢驗,結果表明橢圓囊刺激可以激活交感神經(jīng)。 與此同時記錄的迷走神經(jīng)放電的結果是:在10只家鴿中,刺激后迷走神經(jīng)放電較比刺激前顯著(p＜0.01)降低的有7只,沒有顯著變化(p＞0.05)的2只,顯著增加(p＜0.01)的1只。用配對Wilcoxon秩和檢驗的方法對10只家鴿的數(shù)據(jù)進行綜合檢驗,結果是刺激前后迷走神經(jīng)的放電沒有明顯變化。 2.損傷性刺激家鴿半規(guī)管,迷走和頸交感神經(jīng)的變化。 在10只家鴿中,刺激后頸交感神經(jīng)放電較比刺激前顯著(p＜0.01)降低的有6只,沒有顯著變化(p＞0.05)的1只,顯著增加的3只。用配對Wilcoxon秩和檢驗的方法對10只家鴿的數(shù)據(jù)進行綜合檢驗,結果表明半規(guī)管刺激對交感神經(jīng)的活動沒有顯著影響。 與此同時記錄的迷走神經(jīng)放電的結果是:在10只家鴿中,刺激后迷走神經(jīng)放電較比刺激前顯著(p＜0.05)降低的有8只,沒有顯著變化(p＞0.05)的2只。用配對Wilcoxon秩和檢驗的方法對10只家鴿的數(shù)據(jù)進行綜合檢驗,結果顯示對半規(guī)管的損傷性可顯著地抑制迷走神經(jīng)的放電。 上述結果表明,前庭器官傳入信號對頸部交感和迷走神經(jīng)的影響表現(xiàn)為:(1)耳石器官主要是激活頸交感神經(jīng),對迷走神經(jīng)的影響不確定。(2)半規(guī)管主要是對迷走神經(jīng)產(chǎn)生抑制作用,對頸交感神經(jīng)影響不確定。本研究結果為進一步揭示前庭系統(tǒng)對內(nèi)臟活動的調(diào)節(jié)機制及對闡明運動病發(fā)生機理提供了基礎資料。
[Abstract]:Motion sickness is a common disease caused by abnormal movement of nervous system . It is mainly characterized by disturbance of nervous system function , pale complexion , sweating , salivation , indifference , drowsiness , abdominal discomfort , dizziness , nausea , vomiting , etc . The main functions of these mechanisms are : feeling head space position and movement , maintaining body balance ; maintaining the stability of internal environment .


In order to solve this problem , it is not clear what relationship between the primary afferent and secondary sympathetic nerve and sympathetic nerve in the vestibular sympathetic reflex . But this hypothesis is based on some scattered study results and has no direct evidence . So the relationship between the vestibular organ and sympathetic and the subsympathetic nerve is not yet clear .


The results were as follows : ( 1 ) The results were as follows : ( 1 ) The results were as follows : ( 1 ) The results were as follows : ( 1 ) The results were as follows : ( 1 ) The results were as follows : ( 1 ) damage to 10 pigeon ' s oval capsule otoliths , recording the changes of vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve before and after stimulation . ( 2 ) The changes of the vagus nerve and the cervical sympathetic nerve were recorded before and after the stimulation .


1 . The changes of the oval capsule , the vagus nerve and the sympathetic nerve of the pigeon were damaged .


In 10 pigeons , the electrical discharge of cervical sympathetic nerve after stimulation was higher than that before stimulation ( p & lt ; 0.01 ) . There was no significant change ( p > 0.05 ) . The data of 10 pigeons were comprehensively tested by paired Wilcoxon rank sum test .


At the same time , the results of the recorded vagus nerve discharges were as follows : in 10 pigeons , the electrical discharges after stimulation were significantly lower than that before stimulation ( p & lt ; 0.01 ) . There were no significant changes ( p & lt ; 0.01 ) .


2 . Changes of semi - regulation tube , vagus and cervical sympathetic nerve of pigeon pigeon .


The results showed that the results of paired Wilcoxon rank sum test showed no significant effect on the activity of sympathetic nerve .


At the same time , the result of the recorded vagus nerve discharges was that in 10 pigeons , there were 8 only significant changes ( p & lt ; 0.05 ) after stimulation , but there was no significant change ( p > 0.05 ) . The data of 10 pigeons were comprehensively tested by paired Wilcoxon rank sum test , and the results showed that the damage of semi - regulation tube could significantly inhibit the discharge of vagus nerve .


The results showed that ( 1 ) The effect of the afferent signals of vestibular organs on cervical sympathetic and vagus nerve was : ( 1 ) The ear - stone organ was mainly the activation of the cervical sympathetic nerve , and the influence of the vagus nerve was not determined . ( 2 ) The semicircular canal mainly inhibited the vagus nerve and had no influence on the cervical sympathetic nerve .
【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：R852.33

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本文編號：1984103