【摘要】：研究目的：通過研究40歲以上女性身體成分和作為心血管早期的獨(dú)立預(yù)測因子FMD的變化及二者之間的關(guān)系,為女性早期預(yù)防肥胖、骨質(zhì)疏松和心血管疾病提供理論依據(jù),為指導(dǎo)中老年女性科學(xué)健身提供實(shí)證支持。 研究方法：受試者是來自北京市海淀區(qū)的156名40歲以上的女性,通過問卷獲取基本資料以及體力活動水平,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)室形態(tài)測試獲取身高、體重和三圍指標(biāo)、通過雙能量X線吸收法(DEXA)獲取骨密度和體成分各指標(biāo)、以及通過超聲檢測獲取FMD、基礎(chǔ)(最大)直徑、血流速度及時間等。問卷數(shù)據(jù)用e pidata錄入,數(shù)據(jù)分析使用SPSS16.0. 研究結(jié)果：40歲以上女性,隨著年齡的增長：(1)全身及各個部位的骨密度都有所下降,下降幅度與部位有關(guān),與40－44歲組相比,60歲以上組脊柱部位降幅最大(△=0.145g/cm2；p0.01)；(2)全身骨礦物質(zhì)含量及瘦軟組織含量均明顯的下降,與40-44歲組相比,60歲以上組降幅分別為(△=374.1g,△=1600g；p0.05)；(3)與40－44歲組相比,60歲以上組肱動脈FMD出現(xiàn)了增齡性的下降,降幅為0.74%,但無顯著性差異�；A(chǔ)直徑、安靜血流速度以及最大血流速度等出現(xiàn)了增齡性的增大；(4)FMD與身體成分之間相關(guān)性不明顯,但是基礎(chǔ)直徑和最大直徑與身體成分有相關(guān)性,特別是與全身瘦軟組織含量呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.4和r=-0.39：p0.01);(5)較高的體力活動水平對瘦軟組織含量的影響最大,與體力活動缺乏組相比,體力活動水平較高組增幅為4.1kg。 結(jié)論：(1)年齡增長是引起40歲以上女性身體形態(tài)和血管功能發(fā)生變化的一個重要因素。對人體健康有著舉足輕重的作用。(2)40歲以上女性,瘦軟組織含量和基礎(chǔ)直徑的關(guān)系提示瘦軟組織含量的丟失對心血管事件的危害可能比脂肪堆積更為嚴(yán)重。(3)體力活動對血管功能的積極影響可能是通過改變身體各成分的含量而發(fā)揮其作用的。
[Abstract]:Objective: to study the changes of body composition and independent predictors FMD as early cardiovascular predictors in women over 40 years of age and the relationship between them, so as to provide theoretical basis for early prevention of obesity, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease in women. In order to guide middle-aged and elderly women to provide empirical support for scientific fitness. Methods: the subjects were 156 women over 40 years old from Haidian District of Beijing. The basic data and physical activity level were obtained by questionnaire, and the height, weight and BWH indexes were obtained by laboratory morphology test. Bone mineral density (bone mineral density) and body composition were obtained by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and basic (maximum) diameter, blood flow velocity and time of FMD, were obtained by ultrasound. The questionnaire data is input by e pidata, and the data analysis is analyzed by SPSS16.0.. The results showed that the bone mineral density of women over 40 years old decreased with the increase of age: (1) the bone mineral density of the whole body and all parts decreased, and the extent of decrease was related to the location, compared with the group of 40 years old and 44 years old. The decrease of spinal position was the largest in the group over 60 years old (= 0.145g / cm ~ 2). P0.01); (2) the bone mineral content and the content of thin soft tissue in the whole body decreased significantly, which were significantly lower than those in the group over 60 years old (= 374.1 g, = 1600 g / p0.05), compared with those in the group aged 40 脳 44 years old, and the content of bone mineral and soft tissue in the group over 60 years old was significantly lower than that in the group over 44 years old. (3) compared with 40 鈮，

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