【摘要】：研究目的：本研究通過對(duì)我國近三十年來利用功率自行車或跑臺(tái)直接測(cè)試受試者最大攝氧量并明確提出最大攝氧量判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行整理統(tǒng)計(jì)。同時(shí),對(duì)60名(男36名、女24名)體育教育專業(yè)大學(xué)生進(jìn)行不同的遞增負(fù)荷方案的最大攝氧量直接測(cè)試。將實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與文獻(xiàn)中的指標(biāo)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行對(duì)應(yīng)分析研究,旨在了解我國的研究人員選取的最大攝氧量判定指標(biāo)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的現(xiàn)狀及分析指標(biāo)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的適用性與合理性,為最大攝氧量的研究提供一定的理論與實(shí)踐參考。 研究方法：測(cè)定60名(男36名、女24名)體育教育專業(yè)大學(xué)生在不同的遞增負(fù)荷方案運(yùn)動(dòng)至力竭中的心率、呼吸商、攝氧量、主觀感覺(RPE)及運(yùn)動(dòng)后血乳酸濃度等指標(biāo),并與近30年間的中文文獻(xiàn)中有關(guān)利用功率自行車與運(yùn)動(dòng)跑臺(tái)進(jìn)行最大攝氧量測(cè)試時(shí)所應(yīng)用的判定指標(biāo)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)應(yīng)分析。同時(shí)運(yùn)用實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與文獻(xiàn)中常用指標(biāo)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組合的對(duì)應(yīng)分析,探討合理的最大攝氧量判定指標(biāo)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 研究結(jié)果：①目前,國內(nèi)利用功率自行車測(cè)定最大攝氧量的研究選擇的判定指標(biāo)包括心率、呼吸商、血乳酸濃度、力竭(主觀最大努力)、攝氧量峰值、攝氧量平臺(tái)。文獻(xiàn)中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的指標(biāo)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是：心率,達(dá)到180次/min或以上;呼吸商,大于或等于1.10；力竭(主觀最大努力),受試者已發(fā)揮最大力量并無力保持規(guī)定的負(fù)荷；攝氧量平臺(tái),當(dāng)負(fù)荷繼續(xù)增加時(shí),攝氧出現(xiàn)平臺(tái)。②年齡預(yù)測(cè)的最大心率不適宜作為判定最大攝氧量出現(xiàn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；最大心率在同種運(yùn)動(dòng)形式(功率自行車)不同遞增負(fù)荷方案和不同性別上,均未表現(xiàn)出統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義上的差異,但在運(yùn)用跑臺(tái)測(cè)試時(shí)最大心率要明顯高于運(yùn)用功率自行車測(cè)試時(shí)；同種運(yùn)動(dòng)形式(功率自行車)不同遞增負(fù)荷方案時(shí),呼吸商末表現(xiàn)出性別上的差異,但單位時(shí)間遞增負(fù)荷量越大,呼吸商表現(xiàn)出越高的趨勢(shì),運(yùn)用功率自行車測(cè)試時(shí)最大呼吸商明顯高于運(yùn)用跑臺(tái)測(cè)試時(shí)。力竭(主觀最大努力)應(yīng)選為最大攝氧量直接測(cè)試的前提條件,且應(yīng)使用主觀與客觀的指標(biāo)相結(jié)合來判斷。血乳酸濃度是相對(duì)較容易達(dá)到的指標(biāo),對(duì)判定結(jié)果的影響不大,其更多的作用是體現(xiàn)受試者的最大努力程度,因此應(yīng)更多的用于力竭的判定上,且取值為8mmol/L較為合理。攝氧量峰值應(yīng)用在沒有明顯出現(xiàn)攝氧量平臺(tái)和其他一些特殊情況時(shí),應(yīng)充分考慮其可能對(duì)研究結(jié)果造成的影響。最大攝氧量表現(xiàn)出明顯的性別和不同運(yùn)動(dòng)形式(功率自行車與運(yùn)動(dòng)跑臺(tái))下的差異；國內(nèi)常用的攝氧量平臺(tái)取值標(biāo)準(zhǔn),攝氧量最大值處ΔV02≤150ml/min是比較合理的。③不同指標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組合的最大攝氧量判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)結(jié)果的影響很大。在指標(biāo)組合中攝氧量平臺(tái)因其對(duì)最大攝氧量的重要意義,應(yīng)必須選進(jìn)組合中；國內(nèi)文獻(xiàn)中描述的主觀力竭標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)判定結(jié)果沒有影響；心率與呼吸商是影響最大攝氧量判定結(jié)果的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo),在它們?nèi)≈档倪x擇上要根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象的特點(diǎn)與實(shí)驗(yàn)方案的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行慎重的選擇。在指標(biāo)的選擇搭配上要充分考慮到其影響因素及指標(biāo)間的相互作用對(duì)結(jié)果的影響,為避免因某一項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的達(dá)標(biāo)率的個(gè)體差異,可以采用在有n個(gè)指標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的組合中達(dá)到其中(n-1)項(xiàng)及以上作為判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 結(jié)論：①最大攝氧量的各個(gè)判定指標(biāo)的取值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差異較大,指標(biāo)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的統(tǒng)一性很差,目前缺乏統(tǒng)一或者權(quán)威性較高的指標(biāo)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來判定最大攝氧量的出現(xiàn)。②心率的合理取值應(yīng)在180-190(b/min),呼吸商的合理取值應(yīng)在1.05-1.15之間；在運(yùn)用功率自行車測(cè)試時(shí),心率應(yīng)選擇合理范圍內(nèi)的較低值,呼吸商應(yīng)選擇合理范圍內(nèi)的較高值且遞增負(fù)荷強(qiáng)度越高值應(yīng)略高；運(yùn)用跑臺(tái)測(cè)試時(shí)則應(yīng)選擇心率合理范圍內(nèi)的較高值,呼吸商合理范圍內(nèi)的較低值。③針對(duì)不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象及方案合理的運(yùn)用指標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的組合及達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)個(gè)數(shù)上的不同要求來確定最大攝氧量的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以得到更為準(zhǔn)確的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:Objective: In this study, the maximum oxygen uptake of the subject was directly measured by the power bicycle or the running table in the last 30 years, and the literature of the maximum oxygen uptake determination standard was put forward. At the same time, the maximum oxygen uptake of 60 (36 male and 24 female) physical education students was directly tested. The experimental results are compared with the indexes and standards in the literature, and the purpose of this study is to understand the current situation and the applicability and the rationality of the present situation and the criteria for the determination of the maximum oxygen uptake by the researchers in our country. It provides some theoretical and practical reference for the research of the maximum oxygen uptake. Methods: The heart rate, the respiratory quotient, the oxygen uptake, the subjective feeling (RPE) and the blood lactic acid concentration after exercise were measured in 60 (36 male and 24 female) college students with different increasing load. The criteria and the statistical results of the criteria used in the test of the maximum oxygen uptake by the power bicycle and the moving table in the Chinese literature in the past 30 years shall be compared with the statistical results of the standard. In the same time, the corresponding analysis of the experimental results and the common index and standard combination in the literature is used to study the reasonable determination index and standard of the maximum oxygen uptake. The results of the study are as follows: At present, the determination indexes of the maximum oxygen uptake by the domestic power bicycle include heart rate, respiratory quotient, blood lactic acid concentration, exhaustion (subjective maximum effort), oxygen uptake peak, and oxygen uptake. An amount of platform. The higher frequency indicators and criteria in the literature are: heart rate, up to 180 times/ min or more; respiratory quotient, greater than or equal to 1. 10; exhaustion (subjective maximum effort); the subject has the greatest strength and is unable to maintain the specified load; the oxygen uptake platform, when the load continues When the increase is increased, the oxygen is taken out The maximum heart rate predicted by the maximum age is not suitable as the criterion for determining the maximum oxygen uptake; the maximum heart rate is not statistically significant in the different incremental load scheme and the different sex of the same type of motion (power bicycle) The difference is that the maximum heart rate is significantly higher when the treadmill test is applied than when the power bicycle is used; in the case of different incremental load schemes of the same type of motion (power bicycle), the end of the respiratory quotient shows a gender difference, but the unit time increases the load The higher the quantity, the higher the respiratory quotient shows, and the maximum respiratory quotient is obviously higher than the running table when the power bicycle is used for testing. At the time of the test, the exhaustion (subjective maximum effort) shall be the precondition for the direct test of the maximum oxygen uptake, and the subjective and objective indicators shall be used in combination. It is determined that the blood lactic acid concentration is a relatively easy-to-reach index, the effect of the determination result is not large, and the more action is to reflect the maximum degree of effort of the subject, therefore, more can be used for the determination of exhaustion, and the value is 8mmol/ L. In order to be reasonable, the peak application of oxygen uptake shall be taken into full consideration when there is no apparent oxygen uptake platform and other special cases, which may cause the results of the study to be considered The maximum oxygen uptake shows the difference between the obvious gender and the different movement forms (the power bicycle and the running table); the standard of the oxygen uptake platform used in the country and the maximum oxygen uptake of V02-150ml/ min at the maximum oxygen uptake are compared A reasonable. The standard of the maximum oxygen uptake of the combination of different index standards is the shadow of the result. In the index combination, the oxygen uptake platform is of great importance to the maximum oxygen uptake, and it should be selected in the combination; the subjective exhaustive standard described in the domestic literature has no effect on the judgment result; and the heart rate and the respiratory quotient are the close of the determination result of the maximum oxygen uptake. The key index, on the choice of their value, should be careful according to the characteristics of the experimental object and the design of the experimental scheme The choice of the index is to take fully into account the influence of the influence factors and the interaction between the indexes on the result. In order to avoid the individual difference due to a certain index, the (n-1) term and the above as the judgment can be achieved in the combination of the n index standards. It is concluded that the standard difference of the value of each determination index of the maximum oxygen uptake is very different, the unity of the index and the standard is poor, and there is a lack of uniform or authoritative index and standard to determine the maximum. The reasonable value of the heart rate should be between 180 and 190 (b/ min), and the reasonable value of the respiratory quotient should be between 1. 05 and 1. 15; when using the power bicycle test, the heart rate should select a lower value within a reasonable range, and the respiratory quotient should select a higher value within a reasonable range and the higher the load intensity The high value shall be slightly higher; the higher value within the reasonable range of the heart rate shall be selected when the treadmill test is used, and the reasonable range of the respiratory quotient the lower value of the maximum oxygen uptake can be determined according to the combination of the different experimental objects and the reasonable application index standard of the scheme and the different requirements on the standard number, and the determination standard for determining the maximum oxygen uptake can be obtained more
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R87

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