【摘要】：目的：最大攝氧量（maximum oxygen uptake，V O_2max）概念在運(yùn)動(dòng)生理學(xué)界被提出，已近八十年。研究表明，最大攝氧量是反映人體心肺功能及肌肉功能水平和評(píng)價(jià)有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)能力的可靠指標(biāo)，，已經(jīng)被用于評(píng)價(jià)運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練效果，制定運(yùn)動(dòng)處方，以及臨床上健康-危險(xiǎn)評(píng)估。影響最大攝氧量的因素仍然是近些年研究學(xué)者爭(zhēng)議的焦點(diǎn)問題。目前有關(guān)成人最大攝氧量限制因素的研究相對(duì)較多。關(guān)于少年的相關(guān)報(bào)道頗少，零星的研究結(jié)果似乎提示，影響少年最大攝氧量的因素可能與成人有所不同，然而尚未得到直接的研究證據(jù)所證實(shí)。本文擬觀察少年和成年業(yè)余長跑選手最大攝氧量與左心室形態(tài)功能、血液氧運(yùn)輸能力的關(guān)系，探索少年和成年業(yè)余長跑選手最大攝氧量限制因素的異同，旨在為少年運(yùn)動(dòng)選材和科學(xué)化運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練提供理論和實(shí)踐依據(jù)。 方法:本文選取訓(xùn)練年限和周訓(xùn)練量近似的少年（15.0±1.5歲）和成年（25.7±2.9歲）男子業(yè)余長跑選手各10名為研究對(duì)象。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下，讓受試者完成一次跑臺(tái)逐級(jí)遞增運(yùn)動(dòng)測(cè)試，以測(cè)試其最大攝氧量（有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)能力），二維和多普勒超聲心動(dòng)圖測(cè)算左心室形態(tài)和功能。運(yùn)用全自動(dòng)血球分析儀測(cè)量血紅蛋白和紅細(xì)胞壓積，反映血液氧運(yùn)輸能力。分析受試者左心室形態(tài)功能、血紅蛋白等各參數(shù)與最大攝氧量關(guān)系。 結(jié)果： 1、少年業(yè)余長跑選手最大攝氧量與左心室各形態(tài)參數(shù)、射血功能（心輸出量、每搏量）密切相關(guān)（P0.05, n=10）,與左心室左心室舒張功能并無關(guān)聯(lián)。然而，成年業(yè)余長跑選手最大攝氧量僅與心臟射血功能呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系，與左心室形態(tài)指標(biāo)、舒張功能無關(guān)。綜合分析（n=20）發(fā)現(xiàn)，最大攝氧量水平高的業(yè)余長跑選手，左心室質(zhì)量（LVM）、左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑（LVIDd）、心輸出量（CO）和每搏輸出量（SV）等明顯高于最大攝氧量水平低的業(yè)余長跑選手；而心臟舒張功能和氧運(yùn)輸能力并無顯著差異。 2、少年與成年業(yè)余長跑選手血紅蛋白與最大攝氧量無相關(guān)關(guān)系。 3、少年和成年業(yè)余長跑選手最大攝氧量與身高、體重、瘦體重等身體形態(tài)指標(biāo)有關(guān)。另外，少年業(yè)余長跑選手最大攝氧量水平受身體生長發(fā)育影響。 結(jié)論： 1、左心室腔室容積和質(zhì)量是限制有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)能力的重要因素之一。相對(duì)于成年業(yè)余長跑選手，少年業(yè)余長跑選手有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)能力受左心室腔容積和質(zhì)量大小影響更為明顯。心臟射血能力（心輸出量，每搏輸出量）是限制少年和成年業(yè)余長跑選手有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)能力（最大攝氧量）的關(guān)鍵因素。然而左心室舒張功能（E，A和E/A）對(duì)最大攝氧量影響不大。因此，心臟排空能力比充盈能力對(duì)有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)能力的影響更大。 2、對(duì)于受過一定運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練的個(gè)體來說，血液氧運(yùn)輸能力（Hb）對(duì)最大攝氧量（有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)能力）的影響很小。 3、少年業(yè)余長跑選手處于青春發(fā)育期，影響少年業(yè)余長跑選手最大攝氧量（有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)能力）限制因素比成年業(yè)余長跑選手更為復(fù)雜。
[Abstract]:Objective: The concept of maximum oxygen uptake (V O _ 2max) has been proposed in the sport physiology community for nearly 80 years. The results show that the maximum oxygen uptake is a reliable index to reflect the cardio-pulmonary function and the muscle function level and to evaluate the aerobic exercise ability. It has been used to evaluate the effect of exercise training, to develop a motion prescription, and to evaluate the clinical health-risk. The factors that affect the maximum oxygen uptake are still the focus of the research in recent years. At present, the study on the limiting factors of the maximum oxygen uptake in adults is relatively high. There are few relevant reports on the juvenile, and the results of the sporadic research seem to suggest that the factors that affect the maximum oxygen uptake of the juvenile may be different from that of the adult, but have not yet been confirmed by the direct study evidence. This paper is to observe the relationship between the maximum oxygen uptake and the left ventricular function and the blood oxygen transport ability of the young and adult amateur long-distance runners, and to explore the difference and the difference between the maximum oxygen uptake of the young and adult-time long-distance runners. The aim of this paper is to provide the theoretical and practical basis for the selection and scientific movement training of the juvenile. Methods: 10 young (15: 0, 1. 5) and adult (25. 7, 2. 9 years old) and adult (25. 7, 2. 9) male-time long-distance runners were selected in this paper. For example, under laboratory conditions, the subject was allowed to complete a step-by-step incremental exercise test to test its maximum oxygen uptake (aerobic exercise), two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography to measure left ventricular morphology and work. can be used for measuring hemoglobin and red blood cell pressure product by using a full-automatic blood cell analyzer, and reflecting the blood oxygen transportation energy. Force. Analysis of the left ventricular function, hemoglobin and other parameters of the subject and the maximum oxygen uptake Department. Results: 1. The maximum oxygen uptake of amateur long-distance runners was closely related to the parameters of left ventricle (cardiac output, stroke volume) (P0.05, n = 10), and left ventricular diastolic function in the left ventricle. However, the maximum oxygen uptake of the adult amateur long-distance runner is related to the function of the cardiac output, and it is related to the left ventricular form index, Shu. The comprehensive analysis (n = 20) found that amateur long-distance runners, left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd), cardiac output (CO), and stroke volume (SV), etc., of the highest oxygen uptake level were significantly higher than those of the maximum oxygen uptake level. a long-distance runner; a heart-diastolic function and an oxygen transport capacity. no significant difference. The hemoglobin and the maximum of the young and adult-time long-distance runners the oxygen content is not related. 3. The maximum oxygen uptake and height, body weight and lean body weight of the young and adult amateur long-distance runners in addition, that maximum oxygen uptake level of the amateur long-distance runner be affected by the body Effect of growth and development. Conclusion: 1. The volume and quality of the left ventricular chamber are limited. One of the most important factors in the aerobic exercise ability. The aerobic exercise ability of the amateur long-distance runner is affected by the left ventricular chamber with respect to the adult amateur long-distance runner The effects of volume and mass are more pronounced. The cardiac output (cardiac output, stroke volume) is the ability to limit the aerobic exercise of young and adult-time long-distance runners Key factors for force (maximum oxygen uptake). However, left ventricular diastolic function (E, A and E/ A) The effect on the maximum oxygen uptake is not large. Therefore, the cardiac evacuation capacity is lower than the filling energy. the effect of the force on the aerobic exercise is greater. For individuals with a certain exercise training, the blood oxygen transport capacity (Hb) is the largest. the effect of the oxygen content (aerobic exercise ability) is very small. 3. The amateur long-distance runner is in the youth development period, which affects the maximum oxygen uptake of the amateur long-distance runner (aerobic exercise ability)
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R87

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