三維放射治療計劃系統(tǒng)仿真建模研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-08 20:01
【摘要】：放射治療是腫瘤治療的重要手段,三維放射治療計劃系統(tǒng)(Three dimensional radiation therapy planning system,3D-RTPS)是精確放射治療核心子系統(tǒng)。3D-RTPS利用計算機程序模擬整個治療過程,計算出患者體內(nèi)劑量分布數(shù)據(jù),通過分析與評估,制定出合理的治療方案,從而有效的減少放射治療的副作用,增加腫瘤控制率。本文基于3D-RTPS產(chǎn)品需求,對3D-RTPS涉及的核心技術進行了比較全面和詳細的研究,并進行了相關功能的驗證與分析,力求提供一個滿足臨床需求、具有良好擴展性的軟件產(chǎn)品平臺。本文研究工作包括三維可視化、組織分割、劑量計算、逆向調(diào)強、GPU加速及軟件開發(fā)實現(xiàn)。在三維可視化領域,主要做了兩方面創(chuàng)新工作。一方面基于Phong光照模型,提出預先計算體元法向量并基于球坐標索引進行存儲。該方法在光線追蹤過程直接獲得當前體元的法向量,避免了法向量重復計算,有效減少了可視化時間�；谇蜃鴺怂饕M行存儲避免了存儲法向量三個浮點分量,減少了內(nèi)存開銷。另一方面,將光線投射方法的體繪制技術應用于劑量三維分布顯示。在光線投射采樣過程中,系統(tǒng)使得醫(yī)生根據(jù)臨床需要對阻光度及顏色進行分類,使用該方法,醫(yī)生能直觀的判斷器官的劑量分布情況。在組織分割方面,實現(xiàn)了體輪廓、肺及脊髓的自動提取功能�；贑T影像人體結(jié)構的特征知識,提出了三個主要步驟實現(xiàn)脊髓的自動提取功能。在檢測脊髓概率區(qū)關鍵步驟中,基于脊髓及其周圍結(jié)構的特征知識,建立了一個全新的特征模型用于脊髓內(nèi)一點的檢測,基于該點進行區(qū)域增長得到脊髓概率區(qū)后,在該區(qū)域內(nèi)實現(xiàn)脊髓的檢測。引入特征模型自適應修正,實現(xiàn)了60例患者CT圖像序列脊髓自動提取100%的成功率。軟件運行于筆記本電腦,患者CT圖像序列脊髓檢測時間可以達到3秒左右,滿足臨床要求。在劑量計算方面,基于點核卷積疊加劑量計算模型,本文將治療床CT影像象素加入到患者CT影像數(shù)據(jù)中,使系統(tǒng)在劑量計算過程引入治療床對X射線束的衰減作用,降低了治療床引起的劑量偏差,提高了系統(tǒng)劑量計算精度。在模型匹配方面,基于模型參數(shù)自身特征,提出了基于模擬退火優(yōu)化算法進行模型自動匹配,降低了軟件對操作人員業(yè)務能力的依賴,降低了產(chǎn)品維護成本,增加了產(chǎn)品市場競爭力。在逆向調(diào)強方面,提出用點核疊加構建筆形束核進行劑量計算,該方法提高了優(yōu)化迭代過程中的劑量計算速度,使得基于點核疊加技術的計劃系統(tǒng)得以集成直接孔隙的逆向調(diào)強技術。模體及臨床實際病例試驗表明,該方法與使用精確劑量計算模型得到的優(yōu)化結(jié)果一致,可用于調(diào)強優(yōu)化過程中的劑量計算。在GPU加速技術方面,對原有劑量計算模型進行了修改,基于CUDA編程技術將NVIDIA的GPGPU模型應用于點核卷積/迭加模型的3D-RTPS產(chǎn)品。在程序架構設計中使用MFC導出類及動態(tài)庫技術,避免了大量代碼移植工作。對結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)進行比較與分析,確定了基于特定顯卡效率最高的thread數(shù)目�；谝陨瞎ぷ�,作者開發(fā)了我國首套基于點核卷積疊加劑量計算模型的3D-RTPS商業(yè)化產(chǎn)品軟件,并已在實際臨床中應用。
[Abstract]:Radiation therapy is an important means of cancer treatment. Three dimensional radiation therapy planning system (3D-RTPS) is the core subsystem of accurate radiation therapy,.3D-RTPS uses computer program to simulate the whole process of treatment, and calculates the dose distribution data in the patient's body. Through analysis and evaluation, it is made out. Based on the 3D-RTPS product demand, this paper makes a comprehensive and detailed study of the core technologies involved in 3D-RTPS, and carries out the verification and analysis of the related functions, and strives to provide a soft and scalable soft. The research work includes three-dimensional visualization, organization segmentation, dose calculation, reverse intensity adjustment, GPU acceleration and software development. In the field of three-dimensional visualization, the main work is two aspects of innovation. On the one hand, based on the Phong illumination model, it is proposed to calculate the voxel vector and store it based on the spherical coordinate index. The normal vector of the current body element is obtained directly in the light tracing process, which avoids the repeated calculation of the normal vector and reduces the visualization time effectively. The storage vector based on spherical coordinates avoids the three floating-point components of the storage vector and reduces the memory overhead. On the other hand, the volume rendering technique of the ray projection method is applied to the dose three-dimensional distribution. In the light projection sampling, the system enables the doctor to classify the resistance and color according to the clinical needs. By using this method, the doctor can intuitively judge the dose distribution of the organs. In the aspect of tissue segmentation, the automatic extraction function of the body contour, the lung and the spinal cord is realized. Based on the characteristic knowledge of the body structure of the CT image, the system is proposed. Three main steps to realize the automatic extraction of spinal cord. In the key step of detecting the spinal cord probability area, based on the characteristic knowledge of the spinal cord and its surrounding structure, a new feature model is established for the detection of one point in the spinal cord, and the spinal cord detection is realized in the region after regional growth of spinal cord probability area based on this point. The successful rate of automatic extraction of 100% in the spinal cord of 60 patients with CT image sequence is realized by introducing the adaptive correction of the feature model. The software runs on the notebook computer and the time of detection of the spinal cord of the patient's CT image sequence can reach to about 3 seconds. In the dose calculation, the dose calculation model based on the point kernel convolution superposition is used in the treatment bed C. The T image pixel is added to the patient's CT image data, so that the system is introduced into the treatment bed for the attenuation of the X ray beam in the dose calculation process, reduces the dose deviation caused by the treatment bed, and improves the accuracy of the system dose calculation. In the model matching, based on the model parameter's own characteristics, the model based annealing optimization algorithm is proposed to model the model. Automatic matching reduces the dependence of the software on operator's business ability, reduces the cost of product maintenance and increases the competitiveness of the product market. In the reverse intensity aspect, the point kernel superposition is proposed to build the pen shaped beam core for dose calculation. This method improves the dose calculation speed in the optimization iteration process and makes the technology based on the point kernel Superposition Technology. The plan system is able to integrate the reverse intensity modulation technique of the direct pore. The model body and the clinical case test show that the method is consistent with the optimization results obtained by using the accurate dose calculation model, and can be used for the dose calculation in the process of the optimization process. In the GPU acceleration technology, the original dose calculation model is modified and based on the CUDA programming. The technology of NVIDIA's GPGPU model is applied to the 3D-RTPS product of the point kernel convolution / superposition model. The MFC export class and the dynamic library technology are used in the program architecture design to avoid a large number of code transplanting. The results are compared and analyzed, and the number of thread based on the highest efficiency of the specific graphics card is determined. Based on the above work, the author develops The first commercial product software of 3D-RTPS based on point-core convolution superposition dose calculation model in China has been developed and applied in clinical practice.
【學位授予單位】：東北大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R730.55;TP391.41
本文編號：2172894
[Abstract]:Radiation therapy is an important means of cancer treatment. Three dimensional radiation therapy planning system (3D-RTPS) is the core subsystem of accurate radiation therapy,.3D-RTPS uses computer program to simulate the whole process of treatment, and calculates the dose distribution data in the patient's body. Through analysis and evaluation, it is made out. Based on the 3D-RTPS product demand, this paper makes a comprehensive and detailed study of the core technologies involved in 3D-RTPS, and carries out the verification and analysis of the related functions, and strives to provide a soft and scalable soft. The research work includes three-dimensional visualization, organization segmentation, dose calculation, reverse intensity adjustment, GPU acceleration and software development. In the field of three-dimensional visualization, the main work is two aspects of innovation. On the one hand, based on the Phong illumination model, it is proposed to calculate the voxel vector and store it based on the spherical coordinate index. The normal vector of the current body element is obtained directly in the light tracing process, which avoids the repeated calculation of the normal vector and reduces the visualization time effectively. The storage vector based on spherical coordinates avoids the three floating-point components of the storage vector and reduces the memory overhead. On the other hand, the volume rendering technique of the ray projection method is applied to the dose three-dimensional distribution. In the light projection sampling, the system enables the doctor to classify the resistance and color according to the clinical needs. By using this method, the doctor can intuitively judge the dose distribution of the organs. In the aspect of tissue segmentation, the automatic extraction function of the body contour, the lung and the spinal cord is realized. Based on the characteristic knowledge of the body structure of the CT image, the system is proposed. Three main steps to realize the automatic extraction of spinal cord. In the key step of detecting the spinal cord probability area, based on the characteristic knowledge of the spinal cord and its surrounding structure, a new feature model is established for the detection of one point in the spinal cord, and the spinal cord detection is realized in the region after regional growth of spinal cord probability area based on this point. The successful rate of automatic extraction of 100% in the spinal cord of 60 patients with CT image sequence is realized by introducing the adaptive correction of the feature model. The software runs on the notebook computer and the time of detection of the spinal cord of the patient's CT image sequence can reach to about 3 seconds. In the dose calculation, the dose calculation model based on the point kernel convolution superposition is used in the treatment bed C. The T image pixel is added to the patient's CT image data, so that the system is introduced into the treatment bed for the attenuation of the X ray beam in the dose calculation process, reduces the dose deviation caused by the treatment bed, and improves the accuracy of the system dose calculation. In the model matching, based on the model parameter's own characteristics, the model based annealing optimization algorithm is proposed to model the model. Automatic matching reduces the dependence of the software on operator's business ability, reduces the cost of product maintenance and increases the competitiveness of the product market. In the reverse intensity aspect, the point kernel superposition is proposed to build the pen shaped beam core for dose calculation. This method improves the dose calculation speed in the optimization iteration process and makes the technology based on the point kernel Superposition Technology. The plan system is able to integrate the reverse intensity modulation technique of the direct pore. The model body and the clinical case test show that the method is consistent with the optimization results obtained by using the accurate dose calculation model, and can be used for the dose calculation in the process of the optimization process. In the GPU acceleration technology, the original dose calculation model is modified and based on the CUDA programming. The technology of NVIDIA's GPGPU model is applied to the 3D-RTPS product of the point kernel convolution / superposition model. The MFC export class and the dynamic library technology are used in the program architecture design to avoid a large number of code transplanting. The results are compared and analyzed, and the number of thread based on the highest efficiency of the specific graphics card is determined. Based on the above work, the author develops The first commercial product software of 3D-RTPS based on point-core convolution superposition dose calculation model in China has been developed and applied in clinical practice.
【學位授予單位】：東北大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R730.55;TP391.41
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